本资料来自专辑:
2025年新八年级英语上册暑假预习讲义
专题02 名词、介词和数词+易错点(10个)
内容导航
考点聚焦:核心考点+中考考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺
难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
复习提升:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破
(1)规则变化
情况 | 构成方法 | 例词 |
一般情况 | 加-s | cake—cakes bag—bags student—students
bed—beds |
以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等结尾的词 | 加-es | bus—buses box—boxes watch—watches |
以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 | 变y为i,再加-es | baby—babies city—cities country—countries
lady—ladies |
以元音字母加-y结尾的词 | 加-s | toy—toys monkey—monkeys |
以f(fe)结尾的词 | 变f(fe)为ves | leaf—leaves wolf—wolves life—lives |
以-ce,-se,-ze,-(d)ge等结尾的词 | 加-s | face—faces orange—oranges |
(2)不规则变化:
单复数同形 | sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish |
把a改为e | man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen |
oo变ee式 | tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese |
词尾加-ren | child/children |
只有复数式 | trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves |
1.—What do you want to buy in the mall?
—Four ________ and ________.
A.cartons of milk; two kilos of tomatoes B.cartons of milk; two kilos of tomato
C.carton of milk; two kilos of tomatoes D.carton of milk; two kilos of tomato
2.All the girl students and ________ at our school will receive flowers on Women’s Day.
A.woman teacher B.women teacher C.woman teachers D.women teachers
思路点拨:
1.考查名词的数。cartons of milk多盒牛奶;two kilos of tomatoes两公斤西红柿。根据空前数词 four 可知,此处需用可数名词“carton”的复数形式 cartons,milk为不可数名词。数词 two 后需接可数名词“kilo”的复数形式 kilos。tomatoes为可数名词 , 需用复数形式 tomatoes。故选A。 2.考查复合名词的复数形式。woman teacher“女教师”,All后跟名词复数,故空处指“女教师们”,其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式,其复数形式为women teachers。故选D。 Ø 答案1. A 2. D |
有生命的名词单数 | 在词尾加“’s” | Lucy’s cat |
有生命的名词复数 | (1)以-s结尾加“’” | the teachers’ office |
(2)不以-s结尾的加“’s” | her children’s
homework |
|
表示两者或多者共同拥有 | 在最后一个名词后加“’s” | Lucy and Lily’s desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) |
表示两者或多者各自拥有 | 各名词后都要加上“’s” | Jim’s and Sam’s
bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) |
表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 | 单数加“’s” | an hour’s walk |
复数加“’” | ten minutes’ walk | |
双重所有格 | of +’s所有格 | two students of Mr. Wu’s |
of +名词性物主代词 | a friend of mine | |
of+one’s own | a house of my own |
【初中考点用to情况】:
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question问题的答案
the ticket to....门票
the way to 去...的路上
1.—Is the room only for Amy?
—No, it’s ________.
A.Amy’s and her sister’s B.Amy’s and her sister
C.Amy and her sister D.Amy and her sister’s
2.That’s _________ bedroom. They share the same bedroom.
A.Lucy’s and Lily’s B.Lucy and Lily C.Lucy’s and Lily D.Lucy and Lily’s
思路点拨:
1.考查名词所有格。根据“No”并结合选项可知,房间为两人共有的,所以只在后一人名字后面加’s。故选D。 2.考查所有格。Lucy’s and Lily’s露西的和莉莉的;Lucy and Lily露西和莉莉; Lucy’s and Lily露西的和莉莉; Lucy and Lily’s露西和莉莉的。根据“They share the same bedroom.”可知,她们共享一间卧室,因此表示两个人共同的。故选D。 Ø 答案1. D 2. D |
1.Could you give me ________ on some colors in fashion?
A.any advice B.some advice C.any advices D.some advices
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你能给我一些时尚的颜色的建议吗?
考查advice及some和any的用法。advice“建议”,不可数名词,排除CD;some一些,用于肯定句和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中;any用于否定句中。根据“Could you give me...”可知此处表示“希望得到肯定回答”,用some。故选B。
2.—Every family can get ________ and ________ every day for the cold winter.
—Sounds great.
A.half a kilo of banana; three cartons of milk B.a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milks
C.a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk D.two kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——在寒冷的冬天,每个家庭每天都可以得到一公斤香蕉和三盒牛奶。——听起来很棒。
考查名词。banana“香蕉”,为可数名词,所以可排除A项;milk“牛奶”,为不可数名词,所以可排除B项;kilo“公斤”,为可数名词,所以D项可排除。故选C。
3.There is a lot of ______ and three ______ on the table in the kitchen.
A.bean; beef B.potatoes; tomatoes
C.salt; chicken D.sugar; carrots
【答案】D
【详解】句意:厨房的桌子上有很多糖和三根胡萝卜。
考查可数名词和不可数名词。bean豆,可数名词;beef牛肉,不可数名词;potatoes土豆,复数名词;tomatoes西红柿,复数名词;salt盐,不可数名词;chicken鸡(可数名词),鸡肉(不可数名词);sugar糖,不可数名词;carrots胡萝卜,复数名词。“a lot of ”许多,既可修饰可数名词的复数形式,也可修饰不可数名词。且结合be动词“is”可知,前一空是不可数名词。“three”是具体的数字,后面跟可数名词的复数形式。故选D。
4.—Will you buy any presents for your mother on ________ Day?
— Yes. And she will also get presents on ________ Day. She is a teacher.
A.Womens’; Teachers’ B.Women’s; Teacher’s
C.Women’s; Teachers’ D.Womens’; Teacher’s
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你会在妇女节给你的妈妈买礼物吗?——是的。并且她会在教师节也得到一个礼物,她是一个老师。
考查名词所有格。Women’s Day妇女节;Teachers’ Day教师节;节假日,专有名词。故选C。
5.Miss Li has long black hair and ________.
A.wear glasses B.wears glasses C.wear glass D.wears glass
【答案】B
【详解】句意:李小姐有着长长的黑头发并戴着眼镜。
考查第三人称单数用法及glasses的用法。主语“Miss Li”是第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用三单形式,故排除A和C项;“glasses”表示眼镜;“glass”表示“玻璃、杯子”。根据语境可知此处表示“戴眼镜”。故选B。
6.—Mum, what do you want to buy this afternoon?
—I’d like to buy five ________.
A.cartons of milks B.boxes of egg C.packets of salt D.piece of bread
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——妈妈,今天下午你想买什么?——我想买五包盐。
考查名词的数。milk“牛奶”,不可数名词,不能加s,排除A;egg“鸡蛋”,可数名词,此处应用名词复数,排除B;piece“片”,可数名词,此处应用复数形式,排除D。故选C。
7.There are more and more ________ in the hospitals now.
A.man nurse B.men nurses C.men nurse D.man nurses
【答案】B
【详解】句意:现在医院中的男性护士越来越多。
考查名词复数。根据“There are more and more”可知,空处需要用复数形式,在英语中,当man或woman作定语来修饰另一个名词时,该复合名词变为复数形式时,man变为men,woman变women,同时被修饰的名词也变为相应的复数形式。故选B。
真题感知
1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history.
A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。
考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时,变为复数时,需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数;hero的复数是heroes,因此women heroes符合句意,故选B。
2.(2022·西藏·中考真题)More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture.
A.Germans B.German C.Germany D.Germans’
【答案】A
【详解】句意:越来越多的德国人想了解中国文化。
考查词义辨析和名词复数。Germans德国人,名词复数;German德国人,名词单数;Germany德国;Germans’表述错误。“More and more”修饰可数名词复数,指人想了解中国文化。故选A。
3.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station.
A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。
考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father,应用名词所有格,排除B选项;father是单数,此处表示两个人共同的父亲,在最后一个人名后加’s,故选A。
4.(2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测)Amazing China (《厉害了,我的国》), an ________ documentary, arouses (激起) Chinese ________ from deep inside.
A.87-minutes; proud B.87-minute; pride
C.87-minute; proud D.87 minutes; pride
…………
不错
很有用
怎么下载
刷新一下,点击下载就可以了,如果还是不清楚,可以直接联系客服QQ:20862811
感谢提供