第05讲 情态动词can、could、may和感叹句-2024年暑假新八年级英语预习精品讲义（译林版）

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2024年暑假新八年级英语预习精品讲义

第05讲 情态动词can、could、may和感叹句

【基础知识】

一、情态动词can、could、may用法

1． can 的用法：

（1）．表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t ． 。I can see with my eyes．

（2）．表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary．   你可以用我的字典。

（3）．表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher． He is on a visit to the Great Wall．不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。

2． could的用法：

（1）can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10．

（2）could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。

Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can．可以。

3． may的用法：

（1）表示请求、许可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？

You may go home now． 现在你可以回家了。

（2）表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。

如：It may rain tomorrow ． 明天可能会下雨。

（3）may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school． He might be sick．

（4）表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V

如：May you have a good time． 祝你过得愉快。 May you succeed！祝你成功！

二、感叹句用法

  1．感叹句的定义

用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句（exclamatory sentence）．感叹句句尾常用感叹号，亦可用句号，朗读时用降调，在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great ! How cold !

2．感叹句的六种句式

一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的，它有两个类型，六种句式。掌握了它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。

1．用 what 引导的感叹句。

有三种句式，此时，what 为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组（即感叹部分是名词性短语）。

1）． What +a / an + 形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！

e．g．: What a fine day it is！ 多么好的天气啊！（辅音音素前用a）

What an old building that is！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊（元音音素前用an）

2）． What + 形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！

e．g．: What good teachers they are！ 他们是多么好的老师啊！

What beautiful flowers these are！ 这些是多么美丽的花啊！

3)． What + 形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！

e．g．: What thick ice we are having here！ 我们这儿的冰多厚啊！

What round bread it is！ 这是一块多么圆的面包啊！

2．用 how 开头的感叹句。

有三种句式，此时， how 是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。

4)． How ＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！ （即谓语动词是连系动词）

e．g．: How hot it is today！ 今天天气多热啊！

How beautiful the flowers are！ 这些花多么美丽啊！

5)． How ＋副词＋主语＋谓语！

e．g．: How hard he works！ 他工作多么努力啊！

How well she sings！ 她歌唱得多好啊！

6)． How + 主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是行为动词）

e．g．: How she dances！ 她跳舞跳得多好啊！

★注意： what 和 how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。

e．g．: How cold （ it is ）!  What a good girl!  What delicious fish!

【易错警示】

判断用what/ how的方法：

1、去掉主语、谓语和其他句子成分，看剩下来的最后一个词，如果是名词用what, 如果是形容词或副词用how．

2． 如果剩下来的词为可数名词单数，则用what a/an（元音因素前用an）,不可数名词或名词复数则不用冠词。

【考点剖析】

考点一： 情态动词can could may

例1．—Miss Wang, _________ we eat in the classroom?

—No, you can’t．

A．can                        B．must                      C．need                      D．will

例2． I have a lot of homework every school day, and I ________ relax on weekends either because I ________ learn to play the piano．

A．can; must                           B．can’t; have to                     C．can; have to

例3． Jane ________ perform ballet at all when she was a little girl, but she ________ do it now．

A．could; can              B．couldn’t; can           C．could; can’t            D．couldn’t; can’t

例4．— ________ you please tell me your pen pal’s name?

— Sure． His name is Jeff．

A．Do                        B．Could                     C．Does                      D．Are

例5．— Do you have any plan for this summer holiday?

— I’m not sure． I ________ help with the work in the old people’s home．

A．will                       B．should                    C．must                      D．may

例6． The coat ________ be Peter’s, but I am not sure．

A．can’t                      B．needn’t                   C．may                       D．must

考点二： 感叹句

例7． __________ clever the girl is!

A．How a                   B．How                      C．What                     D．What a

例8．—________ wonderful season spring is!

—Yes, we should work hard because the whole year’s work depends on a good start in spring．

A．How                      B．What                      C．What a                   D．How a

例9．— _________ important news it is !

—Thank you for ________ me!

A．How; tell               B．What; telling           C．What a; tell            D．How; telling

【真题演练】

10． Protect your hearing． Don’t wait until you ________ hear a thing．

A．needn’t                  B．mustn’t                  C．shouldn’t                D．can’t

11．—Thomas, where are my postcards? I ________ find them．

—They’re on the bookshelf．

A．can’t                      B．needn’t                   C．mustn’t                  D．shouldn’t

12．—Who is playing the piano in the music room? Is it Mary?

—No, it ________ be her． She has ________ to Beijing on business．

A．couldn’t; been        B．can’t; gone             C．can’t; been             D．mustn’t; gone

13． During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an．

A．is found                 B．has been found        C．will be found          D．could be found

14．—I’m sorry I ________ not get there on time． The traffic is heavy now．

—That’s OK． Take your time．

A．must                      B．may                       C．need                      D．should

15．—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition?

—Sorry． The tickets are sold out．

A．Must                      B．Need                      C．Should                   D．May

16．—Shenzhou XIV carried three Chinese astronauts into space successfully．

—Wow, ________ exciting news! We are so proud．

A．what                      B．what a                    C．what an                  D．how

17．—Gu Ailing ________ her dream and won two gold medals in Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics．

—___________excellent girl!

A．achieved; How        B．came true; How       C．achieved; What an   D．came true; What an

18． _________ a fresh spring morning it is!

A．Who                      B．Why                      C．What                     D．How

19． ________ awful weather it is! It’s raining again．

A．What an                 B．How an                  C．How                      D．What

20．—Henry, can you take this box to the classroom?

—All right． Oh, ________ heavy box!

A．what a                   B．what an                  C．what                      D．how

21． ________ amazing the film Hi, Mom is! Mother’s love always touches my heart．

A．How an                  B．How                      C．What an                 D．What

22． Compared to the Western countries, _________ safe it is to live in China!

A．what                      B．what a                    C．how                       D．what an

23． ________ cute and lovely the babies are! I will take care of them like they’re my own babies．

A．What                                 B．What a                              C．How

【过关检测】

24．—It is too hot today． ________ I swim in the river, Mom?

—No, you ________． It’ s too dangerous!

A．Should; can’t          B．Can; mustn’t           C．May; needn’t          D．Must; needn’t

25．—The young lady in long red dress over there looks like our teacher．

—It ________ be her． Because she is teaching in Class 3．

A．mustn’t                  B．can’t                      C．shouldn’t                D．may not

26．— What is the parking lot?

—It’s a place where you ________ park your car．

A．can                        B．must                      C．have to                   D．need

27． A good friend is someone you ________ share your pleasure and pain．

A．can                        B．must                      C．need                      D．should

28． Jim ________ sing Chinese songs now, but he ________ do it last year．

A．can, can’t                           B．couldn’t, couldn’t               C．can, couldn’t

29． Ann is only nine years old, but she ________ play ________ piano very well．

A．can; /                     B．can’t; a                   C．can; the                  D．can’t; an

30． Ann is a smart girl． She ________ play the piano when she was five years old．

A．can                                    B．could                                 C．must

31．— Could I keep the windows ________? There are too many people in the room．

— Of course you ________． It is important to let the fresh air in．

A．open; could            B．closed; can              C．open; can               D．closed; could

32．—Mr． Smith must have been to your home this morning．

—No, he _________, because he didn’t know my address．

A．couldn’t                 B．can’t                      C．mustn’t                  D．may not

33．—________ Tom read poems well when he was a child?

—I’m afraid not．   But he really does it well now．

A．Can                       B．May                       C．Could                    D．Will

34．—________ you please tell me something about the life in Canada?

—Sorry, I ________． I don’t know either． I’m from Australia．

A．Could; couldn’t      B．Can; couldn’t          C．Could; can’t           D．Can; mustn’t

35．—Bob is so smart that he is good at guessing riddles．—Yes, he ________ do it well at the age of five．

A．would                                B．should                               C．could

36．— Dad, I get a parcel (快递)． What’s in it?— It _____ be a present from your grandpa． But I’m not sure．

A．should                   B．must                      C．may                       D．need

37．I ________ be late, so don’t wait (等待)for me to start the meeting．

A．may                                  B．should                               C．mustn’t

38．—Johnny, is the soccer ball in the classroom yours?

—No, it isn’t． It ________ be Jackie’s but I’m not sure．

A．may                       B．must                      C．can’t                      D．needn’t

39．—How long __________ I keep this book?

—Only one week． You __________ return it before next Friday．

A．must; must             B．may; may               C．must; may              D．may; must

40． ________ important advice we got today!

A．What a                   B．How                      C．What an                 D．What

41． ________ smart your little sister is!

A．How                      B．What                      C．How a                    D．What a

42．— ________ wonderful the music is!

—Yes． It makes me relax after a busy day．

A．How a                               B．What a                              C．How

43．—_________ nice day!

—Let’s go out and take a walk．

A．How                                  B．What                                 C．What a

44． Johnny works _______ a policeman． ________ interesting job he has!

A．with, What             B．with, What an         C．as, How                 D．as, What an

45． ________ convenient it is to travel between Pudong and Puxi now!

A．How                      B．What a                   C．What                     D．How a

46．—We’ve just moved to this new house． I will show you around．

—________ nice furniture it is!

A．What                     B．How                      C．What an                 D．What a

…………

参考答案

1．A

【解析】

句意：——王老师，我们能在教室吃饭吗？——不，你不能。

考查情态动词辨析。can能、会；must必须、一定；need需要；will将、会。根据答语“No, you can’t．”可知，应是can引导的问句。故选A。

2．B

【解析】

句意：我每天上学都有很多家庭作业，周末也不能放松，因为我得学弹钢琴。

考查情态动词辨析。can能，会；must必须；can’t不能；have to不得不；根据“because I ．．． learn to play the piano．”， 可知，用情态动词can’t，根据“learn to play the piano”可知，此处是必须学弹钢琴，故选B。

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