第03讲 数词和冠词-2024年暑假新八年级英语预习精品讲义（译林版）

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2024年暑假新八年级英语预习精品讲义

第03讲 数词和冠词

【基础知识】

一、数词的用法

（一）基数词

基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。

1 one                                11 eleven                     100 a hundred

2 two                               12 twelve                     20 twenty                    1000 a thousand

3 three                             13 thirteen                  30 thirty                      1，000，000 a million

4 four                              14 fourteen                 40 forty                       10，000，000 ten million

5 five                               15 fifteen                    50 fifty                    100，000，000 a hundred million

6 six                                 16 sixteen                    60 sixty                       1，000，000，000 a billion

7 seven                             17 seventeen                70 seventy

8 eight                             18 eighteen                  80 eighty

9 nine                              19 nineteen                 90 ninety

10 ten

说明：

1．13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。

2．20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成，注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty; 80的拼写是eighty。

3．其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”，再加个位数构成。如： 81 eighty-one。

4．101—999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如： 691 six hundred and ninety-one。

5．1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。

如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。

6．多位数的读法：

1）1000以上的多位数，要使用计数间隔或逗号“，”。即从个位起，每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand（千），第二个间隔或逗号前是million（百万），第三个间隔或逗号前是a thousand million或a billion(十亿)。

2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数（或个位数）的前面一般要加and。如：

888，000，000读作：eight hundred and eighty-eight million。

（二）序数词

表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。

请见下表：

第一到第十                     第十一到第十九        第二十以上

first                                 eleventh                      twentieth

second                              twelfth                        thirtieth

third                                thirteenth                   fortieth

fourth                              fourteenth                   fiftieth

fifth                                 fifteenth                      sixtieth

sixth                                sixteenth                     seventieth

seventh                            seventeenth                 eightieth

eighth                              eighteenth                   ninetieth

ninth                               nineteenth                   hundredth

tenth                                thousandth

说明：

1．英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。

2．表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。

3．其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。

4．少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。

基数词变序数词口诀:

基变序,有规律,词尾要加th ．一二三,特殊记, (first second third )

八去t ,九去e,ve要用f替．ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记．若遇几十几,只变个位就可以．

注意： 序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。

例如：

第一：(the) first=1st                                           第二：(the) second=2nd

第三：(the) third=3rd                                        第五：(the) fifth=5th

第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97th

第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st

【考点剖析】

考点一： 数词

例1．Mrs． Smith has _________ sons and her _________ son is a sports star．

A．three；second         B．third；two              C．three；two             D．third；second

例2． March is _________ month of a year．

A．three                      B．four                       C．third                      D．the third

例3． Kate’s father likes reading and he has about ________ books in his bookcase．

A．two hundred sixty                                      B．two hundreds sixty

C．two hundred and sixty                                D．two hundreds and sixty

例4． Mike is an ________ boy and his sister Mary is ________．

A．8 years old;11-year-old        B．8-year-old;11 years old        C．8-years-old; 11 year old

例5． About two _________ students in our school come to school in their parents’ car．

A．hundred                             B．hundred of                         C．hundreds

例6． The sky tonight is really beautiful． You can see ___________ stars smiling to you．

A．3 millions                                                 B．3 millions of

C．millions of                                                D．million of

考点二： 冠词

例7． Mary stayed at ________ home and read ________ interesting book．

A．the; an                   B．/; an                       C．a; an                      D．/; a

例8．—Do you have _________ soccer ball?

—No, I don’t． But my brother has one．

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．/

例9． Sam found an interesting photo yesterday． ________ photo was of her grandpa．

A．不填                      B．A                           C．An                         D．The

例10．—What did you do last Friday?

—Tim played ________ soccer and I played ________ piano．

A．the; the                  B．/; /                         C．/; the                      D．a; the

【真题演练】

11．—This will be my ________ visit to the Great Wall． I’m really excited．

—Really? I can’t believe you’ve never been there yet． You arrived in Beijing almost a year ago!

A．first                       B．second                    C．third                      D．fourth

12． Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world． It is over eight ________ meters high．

A．thousands of           B．thousand of             C．thousands               D．thousand

13．—I like number “9” best, because I think it stands for “long lasting”．

—Me too． So I chose ________ floor to live on．

A．nine                       B．ninth                      C．the ninth                D．nineteen

14． As we all know, the Yellow River is ________ longest river in China．

A．the twice                B．the second              C．twice                     D．second

15．—How many students in your class get to school on foot?

—About ________ of them do．

A．three fifths             B．two third                C．first four                D．one seconds

16．—China is a great country with a history of about five ______ years．

—Yes． And ______ of foreigners come to visit it every year．

A．thousand; thousand  B．thousands; thousandsC．thousand; thousands D．thousands; thousand

17． An apple a day keeps ________ doctor away．

A．a                           B．the                         C．an                          D．/

18． Yesterday I bought a book on AI technology． ________ book is very interesting．

A．不填                      B．The                        C．An                         D．A

19． I would like to be ________ teacher when I grow up．

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．/

20． I have ________ story book． ________ book is interesting．

A．a；An                   B．a；The                   C．an；The                 D．the；The

21． Father’s love seems like ________ mountain． He always hides love deep at ________ bottom of his heart．

A．the; a                     B．/; the                      C．a; the                     D．a; /

22．—How’s ________ weather today?

—It’s sunny． Get up quickly． We’re going for a picnic．

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．/

23． Lin Tao plays ________ guitar in the school band．

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．不填

24．—Henry, can you take this box to the classroom?

—All right． Oh, ________ heavy box!

A．what a                   B．what an                  C．what                      D．how

25． I always run for half ________ hour every day to keep fit．

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．/

【过关检测】

26． ________ people watched the football match on TV．

A．Two millions          B．Million of               C．Two million            D．Two million of

27． _______ people go to the Turtle Head Park to enjoy the cherry blossoms (樱花) every year．

A．Thousand of           B．Thousand                C．Thousands of          D．Thousands

28．—Can you read 7,056 in English?

—Yes, ________ ．

A．Seven thousand and fifty-six                       B．Seven thousand, fifty-six

C．Seven zero five six                                     D．Seven and fifty-six

29． Please turn to page ________ and look at the ________ picture．

A．ninth; second          B．nine; two                C．ninth; two              D．nine; second

30． My friend is ________ and she has a ________ brother．

A．8 years old; 12-year-old                             B．8 years old; 12-years-old

C．8 year old; 12-year-old                               D．8 year old; 12-years-old

31． 6: 45PM is a quarter ________ seven in the evening．

A．to                                      B．past                                   C．across

32．—How many students are there in your school?

—The number of the students ________ about 1,000, but only about ________ of them are girls．

A．is; four hundreds     B．are; four hundred    C．is; four hundred      D．are; four hundreds

33．—When is Teachers’ Day in China?   —It’s on the ________ day of September．

A．first                                   B．ninth                                 C．tenth

34． There are __________ floors in this building, and my flat is on the _________ floor．

A．ten; five                 B．tenth; five               C．tenth; fifth              D．ten; fifth

35． Pass me ________ dictionary on the desk and I also need ________ pen to write my name on it．

A．the; the                  B．a; the                     C．a; a                        D．the; a

36． ________ woman over there is ________ English teacher．

A．The; an                  B．The; the                  C．An; the                  D．An; an

37． His father was ________ farmer, and ________ farm they lived on was miles away from anywhere．

A．a; the                     B．the; the                   C．the; a                     D．/; the

38． I plan to go to France with ________, and we will visit ________ in Paris．

A．the Smiths; Louvre Museum                       B．the Smiths; the Louvre Museum

C．Smiths; Louvre Museum                             D．Smiths; the Louvre Museum

39．— Neil, I see ________ interesting film called Hi, Mom．

— Oh, I like it, too． It’s ________ first film that I watched during the Spring Festival of 2021．

A．a; a                        B．an; the                    C．a; the                     D．an; an

40． Jack likes to play ________ basketball but he doesn’t like to play ________ violin．

A．the; the                  B．/; the                      C．/; /                         D．the; /

41． He is ________ kind boy． And he is ________ only student from London in our class．

A．a; 不填                 B．the; 不填               C．a; the                     D．the; the

42． There is ________ in the word “model”．

A．an “d”                    B．an “m”                   C．a “o”                      D．a “l”

43． There ________ an elephant in the zoo． And ________ elephant is three years old．

A．is; an                     B．are; a                     C．are; the                  D．is; the

44． John’s uncle likes painting． He is ________ artist．

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．\

45． I think math is ________ useful subject．

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．/

…………

参考答案

1．A

【解析】

句意：史密斯太太有三个儿子，她的第二个儿子是体育明星。

考查数词。two二，基数词；second二，序数词；three三，基数词；third三，序数词。第一空后为“sons”，故空格处应填基数词，B、D选项可排除。第二空后为“son”，故应用序数词，故选A。

2．D

【解析】

句意：三月是一年中的第三个月。

考查数词用法。three三；third第三。“month”是单数，此处用序数词third表顺序，其前加the。故选D。

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