本资料来自专辑:2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练汇总
2023年新八年级英语暑假精品课及练习
第8讲 祈使句
第一部分 语法
祈使句知识要点
1.否定的祈使句;
2.以let开头的祈使句;
3.祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换;
4. 祈使句的应答语。
语法摘要
一:祈使句的基本用法
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。
1.肯定的祈使句
①句型:动词原形+其他成分。
Be careful! 小心!
②"Do+祈使句"表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。
③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
Close the door, please. 请关门。
2.否定的祈使句
①常用句型:Don’t+动词原形+其他成分。
Don’t be late for school again! 别再迟到了!
②用Never开头:Never+动词原形+其他成分。
Never leave today’s work for tomorrow! 不要把今天的工作留到明天!
3.Let引导的祈使句
以Let开头的句子也是祈使句,表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种:Let…not或Don’t…
Let us not be late. 让我们不要迟到。
Don’t let the boy play football in the street. 不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。
典例
When I want to go out to play with my friends, my mother always says, “____________ at home. Don’t waste your time.”
A.Stay B. Stays C. To stay D. Staying
【答案】A
【解析】句意:当我想和朋友一起出去玩时,妈妈总是说:“待在家里。 不要浪费时间。”
考查祈使句。stay 动词原形;stays 动词第三人称单数;to stay 动词不定式;staying 动名词/现在分词。根据语境,此处是表示命令、要求的句子,应用祈使句,动词原形开头。故选A。
二:祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换
1."Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他"可转换为"Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? "。
Let’s go fishing this afternoon.
=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?
2."祈使句 + and/or + 简单句"可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。
Use your head, and you’ll find a way.
=If you use your head, you’ll find a way.
Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
=If we don’t hurry up, we’ll be late.
典例
—Work hard, ________your dream will come true.
—Well. I will do my best.
A.so B. but C. and D. or
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。——嗯,我会尽力的。
考查祈使句+and/or+简单句结构。so因此;but但是;and 并且;or或者。根据句子,“work hard”与“your dream will come true”之间的关系,可知努力工作,梦想就会实现。所以要使用祈使句+and+简单句结构。故选C。
三:祈使句的应答语
1.以Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语常用Good idea. /OK. /Yes, I’d love to. 等。
—Let’s go to the park. 让我们去公园吧。
—Good idea. 好主意。
2.其他肯定祈使句的应答语为Yes, I will. ;否定祈使句的应答语为Sorry/No, I won’t(do it again). 。
—It’s going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。
—Thanks, I will. 谢谢,我会的。
—Don’t play with my cat. 不要和我的猫玩。
—Sorry, I won’t do it again. 对不起,我将不再那样做了。
典例
—Wish you good luck in the entrance exam.
—____________. The same to you.
A.Thank you B. See you C. I’m sorry to hear that
【答案】A
【解析】对别人的美好祝愿应表示感谢。故选A。
祈使句用法口诀
祈使句,无主语,动词开头就可以。 表示请求或命令,加上please表客气。 要想变成否定句,Don’t开头别忘记。 |
第二部分 祈使句专项训练(含解析)
一、单项选择
1.—Miss Green, would you please tell me how to improve my English?
—_____ a study group, and you’ll get help from others.
A.Join B.Joining C.To join D.If you join
2.____touch it.It’s dangerous.
A.No B.Didn’t C.Don’t
3.________ to close the windows before you go out.
A.Making sure B.Is sure C.Make sure D.Sure
4._____ the street if the traffic light is red.
A.Not cross B.To cross C.Cross D.Don’t cross
5.Smile at the world, ________ the world will smile back at you.
A.but B.and C.as D.or
6.—Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave the room.
—________.
A.No, I won’t B.No, I will C.Yes, I won’t D.Yes, I will
7.“Put on your coat, ________ you will catch a cold!” This is what my mother often says to me.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
8.—Remember ________ the classroom after school.
—OK. I ________.
A.cleaning; do B.to clean; do C.cleaning; will D.to clean; will
9.—Don’t forget to wear school uniforms on Monday morning.
—________.
A.OK, I will B.No, I will C.OK, I won’t D.Yes, I won’t
10.— Can you tell me the way of making a banana milk shake?
— Yes. First, ________ three bananas.
A.peeling B.peel C.to peel D.peels
11.Get up early tomorrow, ________ you will miss the school bus.
A.and B.or C.so
12.Don’t ________. When something ________ you, you can ask me for help.
A.be worry; worries B.worried; worries C.worry; is worried D.worry; worries
13.________ to smile at your life when you are in trouble.
A.Try B.To try C.Trying D.Tried
14.Get up early, ________ you won’t miss the important baseball game.
A.but B.and C.because D.or
15.It’s raining now. Don’t ___________ close the window.
A.forget B.remember C.forget to D.remember to
16.—________ your mum a card and show your love to her on Mother’s Day.
—Good idea. I’ll do it at once.
A.Make B.To make C.Making D.Make
二、改写句子
17.You can’t eat in the classroom. (改为祈使句)
________ ________ in the classroom.
18.You should cut up the vegetables.(改为祈使句)
__________ __________ the vegetables.
19.Let’s go swimming this afternoon. (改为否定句)
Let’s ________ ________ swimming this afternoon.
20.The zookeeper told the visitors not to catch birds for any reason. (改为祈使句)
“________ ________ birds for any reason,” the zookeeper told the visitors.
21.You should put on a clean T-shirt.(改为祈使句)
____ ____ a clean T-shirt.
22.Put some medicine on the cut.(改为否定句)
____ ____ ____ medicine on the cut.
三、汉译英:整句
Translate the following into English(请用祈使句翻译下列各句):
23.请保持安静。
________________________________________________________________________
24.从我的房间出去。
________________________________________________________________________
25.请不要向窗外看。
________________________________________________________________________
26.让她加入我们好了。
________________________________________________________________________
27.别挡路。站到那边去。
________________________________________________________________________
28.当你们进入教室时,请关掉手机。
________________________________________________________________________
29.彼得,请把你的作业给我。
________________________________________________________________________
30.孩子们,请不要再迟到了!
________________________________________________________________________
…………
参考答案
1.A
【详解】
句意:——Green女士,请你告诉我怎样提高我的英语好吗?——参加一个学习小组,你就能得到别人的帮助。
考查动词辨析。Join参加,加入,动词原形;Joining动名词或现在分词形式;To join动词不定式;If you join是If引导的条件状语从句。根据句子结构可知,这句话使用了句型“祈使句+and+简单句”,因此这里用动词原形,故选A。D选项中连词If与句中的连词and重复,如果没有and,则可以选D。
…………
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