本资料来自专辑:2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练汇总
2023年新八年级英语暑假精品课及练习
第9讲 情态动词
第一部分 语法
命题趋势:
情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目,也是英语试题的考查热点。考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。
考查重点:
1.情态动词的意义;
2.情态动词的基本句型;
3.情态动词的基本用法。
情态动词的用法
情态动词 | 用法 | 例句 | |||
can/could | 表示能力,意为"能,会" | I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 | |||
表示许可时,意为"可以,能够",相当于may | She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 | ||||
用于推测,表示可能性,意为"可能",could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句 | The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。
There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢? |
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【知识拓展】
1. can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, …can;否定回答用No, …can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/No, I can’t 不,我不会。 2. can,could和be able to的区别:can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态;can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 |
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may/might | 表示允许或许可,意为"可以" | May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗? | |||
表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉 | —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。 |
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用于表推测时,是"可能,或许"之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句 | He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。
She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 |
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【知识拓展】
1. may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, …may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.;否定回答用No, …can’t/mustn’t。 —Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗? —Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不,不可以。 2. 用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,maynot/might not意为"可能不",而can’t/couldn’t意为"不可能"。 The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。 It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。 |
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must | 表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气 | You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 | |||
mustn’t表示禁止,意为"千万不要,禁止",是说话人强有力的劝告 | You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 | ||||
表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 | This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。
He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。 |
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【知识拓展】
1. must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, …must.;否定回答为No, …needn’t./No, …don’t have to. —Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗? —Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。 2. must和have to的区别: ①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。 We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。 ②用must表示"必须",只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示过去时或将来时的"必须",就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 |
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will | 表示意志、愿望和决心,常译为"愿意" | If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们,我们将不胜感激。 | |||
用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求或建议等 | Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗? | ||||
表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,多用于现在时,常译为"总是" | Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。 | ||||
would | 作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为"愿意" | He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 | |||
表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 | Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。 | ||||
用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉 | Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? | ||||
【知识拓展】
would like意为"愿意,想要";would like/love to do sth 意为"愿意/想要做某事";would like sb to do sth意为"想要某人做某事"。 Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗? Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗? I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 |
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shall | 用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见 | Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’
Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 汤姆正在门外等着,可以让他进来吗,先生? |
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用于第二、三人称陈述句时,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等 | Yon shall fail if you don’’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。 | ||||
should | shall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见 | I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 | |||
表示义务,职责时,意为"应当,应该",往往表示说话者的观点 | |||||
表示惊讶、遗憾等,意为"竟然,居然" | |||||
need | 表示"需要,必须",多用于疑问句和否定句 | Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗?
You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 |
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【知识拓展】
need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, … must.;否定回答为No, … needn’t. —Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗? —Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。 |
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have to | 表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式don’t have to意为"不必"(=
needn’t) |
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。 |
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第二部分 情态动词专项训练(含解析)
一、单项选择
1.—Scientists still ________ explain exactly why people dream.
—That’s right. They might understand it all someday, but they aren’t sure now.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
2.My aunt _____ be at home now, for she left for France yesterday. She won’t be back _____ next month.
A.can’t; until B.maybe; before C.may not; after D.mustn’t; until
3.–I saw Kate in library this morning.
–No,it ______ her, she moved to England last week.
A.mustn’t B.can’t be C.must be D.can be
4.—Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Of course you ______.
A.can B.must C.should D.could
5.A: Is Jim coming by train?
B: I’m not sure. He _______ drive his car.
A.must B.may C.need D.should
6.—Have you heard about the temperature of the earth will rise to 59℃ in 2020?
—Don’t worry! The news _______ be true.
A.must not B.may not C.needn’t D.will not
7.Your answer _________ be right, but I’m not sure.
A.must B.may C.can’t D.will
8.—Mum, what’s in the box?— I am not sure. It ______be a present from your brother.
A.might B.must C.should D.will
9.Some people ________ feel sick when they read a book in a car or on a boat.
A.need B.might C.should D.must
10.— Where’s Jim?
— I’m not sure. He ________ be playing football on the playground.
A.need B.might C.must D.can
11.—Must I take part in the activity?
—No, you______.
A.mustn’t B.don’t C.don’t have to D.don’t need
12.— Must I finish the work today?
— Yes, you _______. The boss is looking forward to it.
A.must B.may C.can D.need
13.From March 23rd, 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disneyland alone.
A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.mightn’t
14.— May I go out for a while, Mom?
—No, you __________ You have to finish your homework first.
A.won’t B.needn’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
15.Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She ________ be very bored with her job.
A.can B.must C.ought D.need
16.If your parents are having problems, you _________offer to help.
A.will B.should C.must D.would
17.The sick man ________be sent to hospital in no time.
A.should B.can C.may D.ought
18.—Must I practice soccer every day?
—No, you ________ .
A.must B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
19.We __________ pay for the concert. It’s free.
A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.might not D.can’t
20.—_________ we keep the room clean enough all the time? —No, you _________.
A.Must; doesn’t have B.Do; don’t have to
C.Must; don’t have to D.Must; mustn’t
二、用单词的正确形式完成句子
A
根据句意选用情态动词can may, must或 might的适当形式填空
21.The watch isn’t yours. Whose ________ it be?
22.You’ d better go and ask Miss Liu. She ________ know how to search the Internet.
23.Jim ________ be at home because he phoned me from the park just now.
24.Miss Li said she ________ come late.
25.—I saw Lily on my way here just now.
—It ________ be her. She has just been abroad for two days.
B
根据语境从方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空,每词限用一次。
must, can, needn’t, mustn’t, have to |
26.—________ I come in?
—Yes, please.
27.We should be quiet in the theatre. We _________ speak loudly.
28.—Must I return this book to the library today, Mrs. Brown?
—No, you ________.
29.—Must I stay with you, Grandpa?
—No, you don’t ________. You can go swimming with your friends.
30.We ________ be careful when we cross the road.
…………
参考答案
1.D
【详解】
句意:——科学家仍然不能确切地解释人们为什么会做梦。——是的。也许有一天他们会完全明白,但现在他们还不确定。
考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;can’t不能;根据“They might understand it all someday, but they aren’t sure now.”可知也许有一天他们会完全明白,但现在他们还不确定,可推测出此处是“不能确切地解释”,故选D。
…………
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