第2讲 冠词-2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新八年级英语暑假精品课及练习

第2讲 冠词

第一部分  语法

冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。

一：冠词的分类

二：冠词的基本用法

不定冠词a、an的用法

1.a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别：

（1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用 a。如：a lot of，a good idea，a pear。

（2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用 an。如：an example，an orange，an apple。

注意：某些以元音字母开头的单词用a，因为其第一个音是/j/。如：a university，a European language。

某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an，因为这些单词的＂h＂不发音。如：an honest boy，an hour ago。

冠词的用法口诀

名词有两＂冠＂，定冠不定冠，定冠就是the，不定a和an。

先分特泛指，确定大路线。泛指不定无，特指the定冠。

泛指可数单，须用a或an；辅音前用a，an在元音前；

复数不可数，泛指不用冠；前有代词限；冠词不再见。

定冠词the的用法

1.用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。

This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 这是我（外）祖父曾经生活过的城市。

2.用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。

Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开窗户吗？

3.用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂）。

Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 吉姆住在一个小村庄里。村庄里有棵老树。

4.表示世界上独一无二的事物。

the sun 太阳                              the moon 月亮                    the earth 地球

The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大得多。

5.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城                    the United States 美国         the United Nations 联合国

6.用于表示方向、方位的名词前。

in the east 在东方                in the front 在前面                     at the back 在后面

in the bottom 在底部                  at the top 在顶部                 on the right 在右边

7.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前。

the Pacific Ocean 太平洋                                 the Huanghe River 黄河

the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉                     the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡

The Nile is the longest river in the world. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。

8.在姓氏复数前，表示一家人。

The Whites are going to visit China next month. 怀特一家人下个月打算来中国。

9.和某些形容词连用，表示一类人或物。

the poor 穷人               the rich 富人                the sick 病人                the wounded 伤员

The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人也不总是比穷人开心。

10.用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。

play the piano 弹钢琴                                      play the violin 拉小提琴

* 中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用：play erhu 二胡

I practice playing the piano every day. 我每天练习弹钢琴。

11.the用在可数名词单数前可以表示一类人或事物。

The panda is a cute animal. 熊猫是可爱的动物。

12.用在某些固定的表达法。

in the morning 在早上                                     in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上                                      go to the cinema 去看电影

in the world 在世界上                                     all the year round 一年到头

on the way to 在去……去的路上

定冠词的用法口诀

特指双知上问题，独一无二普变专；

方位顺序最高级，赛项乐器影剧院；

群岛河山江湖海，沙漠海峡和海湾。

三：不用冠词的情况

零冠词用法口诀

下列情况应免冠，名词之前代词限；

专有名词不可数，学科球棋三餐饭；

复数名词表泛指，星月节日四季前；

颜色语种和国名，习语称呼及头衔。

【助学记忆】

1.名词前用不用冠词，用哪一个冠词，一般取决于三个基本因素：

①是可数名词，还是不可数名词；②是单数名词，还是复数名词；③是特指，还是泛指。

2.单数可数名词前除非有其他限定词(如指示代词、物主代词等)修饰，否则必须要加冠词。

第二部分  冠词专项训练（含解析）

一、单项选择

1．—Lily, ＿＿＿apple on the table is for you.

—Thanks, Mum, ＿＿＿apple a day is good for you.

A．the; An                  B．an; An                    C．an; The                  D．the; The

2．       the students in our city will take part in the writing competition next month.

A．Two hundreds         B．Hundreds of            C．Two hundred of      D．Two hundred

3．—Is ________ interesting book on the table yours? I want to buy ________.

—Yes. I order it online.

A．the; it                    B．the; one                  C．an; it                      D．an; one

4．How much are ________ cards? I’d like to have ________.

A．the;it                     B．the;one                   C．/;one                      D．/;it

5．一Do you know __________girl under the tree?

一She is Mary. It’s raining hard and she needs __________umbrella.

A．the, an                   B．a, an                      C．the,／                    D．the, a

6．—Sandy, _______ apple on the table is for you. Have it before you go to bed.

— Thanks, Mum. ______ apple a day keeps the doctor away.

A．an; An                   B．the; An                   C．an; The                  D．the; The

7．To start the day well, we can have milk and eggs for __________ breakfast.

A．an                         B．a                            C．/                            D．the

8．Our Chinese teacher told me ___ interesting story and _____ story was about the famous poet named Qu Yuan.

A．an; an                    B．a; the                     C．the; a                     D．an; the

9．There is ________ “h” and ________ “o” in ________ word “ghost”.

A．a；an；the             B．an；an；the           C．a；an；a                D．the；the；a

10．My sister likes________music

A．a                           B．an                          C．the.                        D．不填

11．—Do you know how to spell ________ word “square” in English?

—Yes. It begins with ________ “s”.

A．the; a                     B．the; an                    C．a; the                     D．the; the

12．There is ________ bridge over the big river in the city.

A．a 800-meters-long                                      B．an 800-meter-long

C．a 800-meter-long                                       D．an 800-metres-long

13．—Did anything special happen yesterday?

—No. It was ________ usual Monday.

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．不填

14．—Are your books under ________ desk?

—No, it’s under ________.

A．the teacher’s; mine                                     B．teacher’s; mine

C．teacher’s; my                                             D．the teacher’s; my

15．________ 11-year-old boy said he saw ________ UFO in the forest last night.

A．A; an                     B．An; a                     C．A; a                       D．An; an

16．—What do you usually have for_____ breakfast?

—Milk and bread. _____ big breakfast helps me start the day.

A．a; The                    B．/; A                        C．the; /                      D．/; /

17．My home is near ________ school. So I go to school on ________ foot every day.

A．a; the                     B．the; a                     C．an; the                   D．the； /

18．—Which restaurant do you often go to?

—_________one next to the post office is my favourite.

A．A                          B．An                         C．/                            D．The

19．Nanjing, _______ capital of Jiangsu, is not far from our hometown Yancheng.

A．a                           B．an                          C．the                         D．/

20．Gina Alice, Lang Lang’s wife, is________famous pianist. She plays ________  piano very well.

A．the,the                   B．a,the                      C．the,/                       D．a,/

21．________ Halloween is an important festival in ________ autumn.

A．/; /                         B．A; /                        C．/; an                       D．The; an

22．—Who is ___________ boy over there?

—He is Tom. He likes reading. He is reading ___________ useful book.

A．the; an                   B．a; an                      C．the; /                      D．the; a

23．We’ll have __________long holiday next month.

A．the                        B．an                          C．a                           D．不填

24．Every morning. Jack exercises for about________ hour and then he walks to ________ school.

A．an; /                      B．a; the                     C．an; the                   D．a; /

25．一Who is _______ girl in front of the library?

一The one with _________ umbrella? She is my classmate.

A．a; the                     B．a; an                      C．the; an                   D．the; the

26．Mille usually has ___________ egg and some bread for _________ breakfast.

A．an; the                   B．an; /                       C．a; the                     D．a; /

27．—I failed ________yesterday’s test!

—Sony to hear that. I think ________ test was too difficult for you.

A．the; a                     B．不填;the                 C．不填;a                   D．the; the

28．- Students in Ningbo took part in ________ color run on June 9, one day after they finished gaokao.

– It must be ____________exciting game.

A．a; a                        B．an; an                     C．the; an                   D．a; an

29．The old computer is still in __________ use. It is ________ amazing thing.

A．the; an                   B．/; an                       C．the; a                     D．/; a

30．—What’s your favourite fruit?

—Apples, You know. _______ apple a day keeps _______ doctor away.

A．A；a                     B．A；the                   C．The；a                   D．An；the

…………

参考答案

1．A

【详解】

句意：——莉莉，桌上的苹果是给你的。——谢谢，妈妈，一天一个苹果对你有好处。

考查冠词。定冠词the和名词连用，表示特指某个事物。句中介词词组on the table意为“在桌上的”，做名词apple的后置定语，起修饰限定的作用，表示这个苹果是特指的，即“桌上的苹果”，所以第一个空用定冠词the。不定冠词an用在单数可数名词前面，表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个，意为“一个”。根据句意，“一天一个苹果对你有好处”，此处表示泛指“一个苹果”，所以第二个空用an，故选A。

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