专题07阅读理解之说明文20篇-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册期末专题复习（译林版）

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2024-2025学年八年级英语上册期末专题复习

专题07阅读理解之说明文20篇

People were surprised to see a group of Yangtze finless porpoises（江豚）swimming in the Yangtze River on March 23, 2022. They jumped, hunted and played. The Yangtze finless porpoises have been on the list of animals in danger since 2013. In 2020, the government put a 10-year fishing ban（禁令）in place. Now the government’s environmental protection action is working.

Ocean is Singing

Ecuador（厄瓜多尔）takes action to protect the ocean. It provides “underwater highway” which helps animals travel in protected waters. And the government has also built a new reserve. The reserve is cut into two parts. If people catch fish in one part of the reserve, no fishing will be allowed（允许）in the other. That means “long line” fishing will never be allowed in the reserve.

The Coldest Post Office is Hiring

Four people are needed to work at the world’s coldest post office—Penguin（企鹅）Post Office. It is in Antarctica（南极洲）. The four people each have their own jobs, but they work together to help the tourists who come by boat. They should also watch wildlife, including counting penguins and collecting environmental information.

1．The best title（标题） for the first paragraph would be _________.

A．Saving Birds in Danger

B．The River is Back to Life

C．Protecting the Environment

D．The Fishing Ban is Working

2．Which of the following is TRUE about Ecuador’s action to protect the ocean?

A．“Underwater highway” helps animals travel faster.

B．People can never fish in the reserve.

C．All oceans in Ecuador are cut into two parts.

D．The reserve is built to stop “long line” fishing.

3．Workers in Penguin Post Office need to _________.

A．take a boat to Antarctica

B．collect information

C．feed the penguins

D．watch tourists’ life

Do you love travelling to natural places? Let’s begin our exploration in Shennongjia, a place as beautiful as Zhalong.

Thousands of years ago, in the south of ancient China, there lived Shennong, a man who had an ox (牛) head and human body. Seeing that local people were suffering from disease, he built houses on a high mountain to store hundreds of medical plants. To remember him, people named the place Shennongjia.

The legend (传说) makes Shennongjia in Hubei a great place for tourists. Travelling there is a special experience, as you can see the beauty of the four seasons from different heights. “When the bottom of the mountain is summer, the top is spring and while the foothill is autumn, the top is covered with ice,” local people say about the special climate of Shennongjia.

Shennongjia is also home to 5,000 kinds of animals and plants. Many animals in danger live there, such as the golden monkey, the clouded leopard and the Asian black bear.

One interesting and mysterious thing about Shennongjia is its legend of wild men. Some people once said that they saw big prints or big-foot creatures. Yet so far, scientists haven’t proved (证明) it is true and some say they are just bears.

The beautiful place has recently received a new title. On July 17, 2016, Shennongjia Forestry District was added to United Nations World Heritage List as a natural site.

4．In Shennongjia, ________.

A．people can enjoy four seasons from different heights

B．there are many medical stores along the way

C．scientists have proved there are wild men there

D．there are 500 species of animals and plants

5．What does the underlined part “the clouded leopard” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．An endangered animal.

B．The cloud in the sky.

C．Shennong’s friends.

D．A kind of plant.

6．What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．The story of Shennong.

B．World heritage sites.

C．Animals living in Shennongjia.

D．The amazing Shennongjia.

（参考词汇：sting v. 叮，刺，蛰； skin n. 皮肤； bump n. 肿块，隆起）

7．What will be in your skin if a bee stings you?

A．Stinger.             B．Poison.                  C．Red bump.              D．Nothing.

8．What does “poison” mean in the text?

A．蜂蜜                 B．有害的食物           C．毒液                      D．酒

9．Which of the following is NOT correct if you see a bear?

A．Turn around.     B．Walk away quickly. C．Don’t run.              D．Don’t be scared.

10．The above must be________ safety (安全) tips.

A．shopping          B．swimming              C．camping                 D．driving

Sam says, “I like June. June is a good month. I like it hot. Summer starts in June. Summer days are hot. The days in June are hot.”

Pam says, “I like June. June is a good month. I like it cold. Winter starts in June. Winter days are cold. The days in June are cold.”

Who is right? Are the days in June hot or cold? Sam is right. Pam is right. How can both Sam and Pam be right? Our earth orbits around the sun. That means the earth goes around the sun.

When it orbits, it tilts (倾斜). For half of the earth’s orbit, the North Pole (北极) points to the sun. For half of the earth’s orbit, the South Pole points to the sun.

When the North Pole points to the sun, it is hotter in the north and the days are longer. In the south, it is colder and the days are shorter. When the South Pole points to the sun, it is hotter in the south and the days are longer. In the north, it is colder and the days are shorter.

Sam lives in the north. Summer starts in June for Sam. Pam lives in the south. Winter starts in June for Pam. But what about Cam? All of Cam’s days are about the same length. They are not long. They are not short. All of Cam’s days are about the same temperature. Why? Because Cam lives in the middle, near the equator (赤道).

11．The underlined words “orbits around” mean “________”.

A．shows around   B．walks around          C．moves around         D．looks around

12．When the North Pole points to the sun, ________ in Sam’s living place.

A．the weather is hot                                B．the weather is cold

C．nights are longer                                  D．days are shorter

13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．For Pam, summer starts in June.

B．Winter is Cam’s favourite season.

C．All the three boys like June best.

D．Cam’s living place is near the equator.

The six Chinese astronauts from the Shenzhou-l4 and Shenzhou-15 missions marked a historic moment on 30 November as they met inside the country’s Tiangong space station. It was the first time that six Chinese were in a space station at the same time and the first in-orbit (轨道内的) gathering of two Chinese crews (乘组).

The Shenzhou-15 crew set out on the journey to the Tiangong station on the night of 29 November from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert. They rode a spaceship that was lifted into space by a Long March 2F rocket. At 7:33 a.m. (Beijing Time), the Shenzhou-14 astronauts opened the door of their “space home” to welcome the Shenzhou-15 astronauts. The six then took a group photo to record the great moment.

According to the China Manned Space Agency, the two crews stayed together for about five days, and then the Shenzhou-14 crew, who had been in orbit for nearly half a year, returned to a landing site in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region (内蒙古自治区着陆点). The Shenzhou-15 astronauts will stay in orbit for six months to do a lot of work, such as carrying out spacewalks to mount equipment (安装设备) outside the station, and doing scientific experiments (实验).

Following the arrival (到达) of the Shenzhou-15 spaceship, the Tiangong space station has grown much. Tiangong is expected to operate in orbit for about 10 years and will be open to foreign astronauts in the near future, according to space officials. It is the 10th crewed space station in the world and one of the two operating stations, along with the International Space Station.

Pang Zhihao, a retired researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology said that building and running a manned space station is the most difficult work. “The arrival of the Shenzhou-15 crew marked the start of the Tiangong space station’s long-term regular operation.” he added.

14．What can we know from the first two paragraphs?

A．The Shenzhou-14 crew left Tiangong space station.

B．The Shenzhou-15 crew would be in orbit for five days.

C．The Shenzhou-15 crew had been in orbit for six months.

D．Two Shenzhou crews met in Tiangong space station.

15．Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the text?

A．The selection process(选拔过程) of the Shenzhou-15 crew.

B．The Tiangong space station’s future plans.

C．The Shenzhou-15 astronauts’ work.

D．The importance of the arrival of the Shenzhou-15 crew.

16．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Astronauts of Shenzou-14 lived in Tiangong for exactly six months.

B．There are only two space stations in operation(在运行的) at present.

C．Tiangong has been in orbit for nearly 10 years now.

D．The Shenzhou-15 crew landed on Inner Mongolia autonomous region.

17．What can be inferred(推理) from the passage?

A．Astronauts of Shenzou-14 returned to the earth on 30 November.

B．More astronauts will be sent to Tiangong in the future.

C．China is now working together with foreign astronauts.

D．Astronauts of Shenzhou-15 spent more than 24 hours on the journey to the Tiangong Space Station.

Happy Rain on a Spring Night

Good rain knows its time right;

It will fall when comes spring.

With wind it steals in night;

Mute, it moistens each thing.

O’er wild lanes dark cloud spreads;

In boat a lantern looms.

Dawn sees saturated reds;

The town’s heavy with blooms.

—Translated by Xu Yuanchong

This famous poem, was written by Du Fu（712-770, Tang Dynasty）when he was living in Chengdu. Sometimes, he went to farm in the field. The poem shows his care for farmers.

The very first word, “Good”, shows Du’s joy and love for the spring rain. The rain is good because it “knows” the right time to come. Here Du uses personification（拟人）, as if the rains were smart enough to come in time for the farmer’s busy season.

The rain comes during the night without making any noise. Unlike the summer storms, the quiet spring rain finishes its task without being known.

Next, Du describes a peaceful scene to us. In the night sky, the clouds look dark and heavy. It’s a sign that there will be enough rain during the night. The light from the riverboat makes the dark scene a bit livelier.

Finally, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will become beautiful when all of the flowers bloom after the rain.

18．Which of the following rhymes are right for this poem?

A．ac-bd-ac-db      B．aa-bb-cc-dd            C．ab-ab-cd-cd            D．ab-cd-ab-cd

19．Which word can be used to describe the spring rain in the poem?

A．Noisy              B．Busy                      C．Heavy                    D．Quiet

20．What does Du Fu want to show in this poem?

A．He loves and enjoys farming.                B．He thanks the nature.

C．He is good at writing poems.                D．He likes the city of Chengdu.

This summer, the temperatures were very high in Europe. Firefighters fought against hundreds of wildfires in many European countries. And hundreds of people died because of the heat wave.

However, according to a survey, only about 20% of homes in Europe have air conditioners (空调), compared to 90% in the US. Why is that?

First, usually it isn’t very hot in Europe in summer because of its location. Europe is located farther north than the US, making the weather cooler. The average July high in London is 24℃, which is 10 degrees cooler than the average July high in New York.

Second, there are many old houses in Europe. More than half of the houses in Europe were built in the last century. The weather then was not as hot as it is nowadays. Naturally, air conditioners were unnecessary. What’s more, those old houses’ structure and material make it harder and more expensive to install (安装) air conditioners. Installing an air conditioner could cost more than the air conditioner itself.

As for other reasons, they can be very personal. Some people think air conditioners make them sick, so they don’t accept air conditioners. Some think using air conditioners produces much greenhouse gas. It is bad for the environment and makes the weather even hotter!

______ With higher and higher temperatures, more and more Europeans are considering installing air conditioners these days.

21．According to this passage, if there are about 8.9 million people living in London, then how many people may live in homes with air conditioners?

A．593,000.          B．1,780,000.              C．2,670,000.              D．8,010,000.

22．Which of the following CANNOT explain why there are fewer air conditioners in Europe?

A．It isn’t so hot because of its location.

B．Many houses were built a long time ago.

C．The air conditioners in Europe are too expensive.

D．Some people there just don’t like air conditioners for different reasons!

23．According to Paragraph 4, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Many houses in Europe were built in the 20th century.

B．The weather in the 20th century is hotter than that in the 21st century.

C．The air conditioner may not be as expensive as the cost of installing it in an old house.

D．It is hard to put in air conditioners in an old house because of its structure and material.

24．Which sentence is most likely to be put in the blank of the last paragraph?

A．Europeans are just fine with the heat in summer.

B．But things will probably change in the coming years.

C．Because of all these reasons above, Europeans may just have to stand the heat all along.

D．No matter how hot it gets, Europeans have their ways to get through without air conditions.

It’s winter time. According to the Chinese lunar calendar (农历), November, December, January and February are winter months. They include six solar terms: lidong, xiaoxue, daxue, dongzhi, xiaohan and dahan.

Lidong (Nov 7-8) is the start of winter. After lidong, most parts of the country are very cold. On this day, after a year of hard work, people are happy to take a break and spend some time with family. The northern part of China celebrates lidong as the “Small Spring Festival”. People have dumplings and eat mutton (羊肉) soup.

Xiaoxue (Nov 22-23) and daxue (Dec 6-8) come after lidong. During xiaoxue, northern China can snow and temperatures slowly fall below 0℃. Daxue means even more snow and bigger temperature drops.

When dongzhi (Dec 21-23) comes, it brings shortest days of the year and the longest nights. Many places around the country can be cold yet. Ancient (古代的) Chinese would often start counting “nine cold periods” (数九寒天) from dongzhi. Every cold period (一段时间) has nine days. They believed that after 81 cold days, spring would arrive.

Xiaohan (Jan 4-6) usually brings the low temperatures of the year. There may be high winds and snow.

Finally, during dahan (Jan 19-21), the snowy weather fills the fields with snow. All Chinese are ready to welcome the Chinese New Year after dahan. Spring Festival, China’s most important festival, falls at this time. After that, a new round of solar terms will start.

25．What does the underlined phrase “solar terms” mean in this passage?

A．学期                B．条款                      C．期限                      D．节气

26．People in the north celebrate lidong by doing the following except ________.

A．taking a happy break                            B．being with friends

C．having dumplings                                D．eating mutton soup

27．When does the Chinese New Year come?

A．After dahan.     B．Before dahan.         C．After dongzhi.        D．Before dongzhi.

28．Where can we read this passage?

A．In a storybook. B．In a fashion book.   C．In a sports book.     D．In a science book.

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参考答案

1．D    2．D    3．B

【导语】本文介绍的是不同国家的保护动物的措施。

1．最佳标题题。根据第一段“People were surprised to see a group of Yangtze finless porpoises（江豚）swimming in the Yangtze River on March 23, 2022. … Now the government’s environmental protection action is working.”可知，讲述的是禁渔令正在发挥作用。故选D。

2．细节理解题。根据“That means ‘long line’ fishing will never be allowed in the reserve.”可知，保护区永远不允许“长线”捕鱼。故选D。

3．细节理解题。根据“They should also watch wildlife, including counting penguins and collecting environmental information.”可知，要收集环境信息。故选B。

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