2024-2025学年八年级英语上册Unit7《Seasons》语法讲解及练习讲义（译林版 含答案解析）

2024-2025学年八年级英语上册Unit7《Seasons》语法讲解讲义

《句子成分和简单句的基本句型》

1．句子的成分包括：

主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。

（1）主语：名词、代词主格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等

如：I have a stomachache． 我胃痛。

（2）谓语：动词，一般位于主语之后

如：He put the book on the table．     他把书放在桌上。

（3）宾语：名词、代词宾格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等

如：I lost my school ID card．  我丢了校园卡。

（4）表语：在连系动词之后的形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语等

如：My keys are in my schoolbag．   我的钥匙在书包里。

（5）定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词不定式、介词短语等

如：The white model plane is hers．         白色的飞机模型是她的。

（6）状语：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和分词短语等

如：Sports star eats well．  运动明星吃得很好。

（7）宾语补足语：形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、分词等

如：The loud music makes me nervous．    吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。

（8）同位语：名词、数词、代词或从句

如：Mr． Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us．   我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。

（9）连系动词的种类：

① be动词类：am，is，are，was，were

② 表示变化类：become，get，turn

③ 感官动词类：look，sound，smell，taste，feel

④ 表示延续性的动词 ：remain，stay，keep

2． 简单句的五种基本句型

（1）主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）

如：You look happy．  你看起来很高兴。

（2）主语+不及物动词（S+V）

如：We talked a lot． 我们谈了很多。

（3）主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）

如：I really enjoy my English class． 我真的很喜欢英语课。

（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）

如：He sent me some flowers． 他给我送了些花。

（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）

如：I find English interesting． 我发现英语很有趣。

语法练习：

一、单项选择

1．He is very happy．

A．宾语                      B．表语                      C．间接宾语               D．主语

2．I made my brother cry last night．

A．定语                      B．状语                      C．谓语                      D．宾语

3．He gives me some books．

A．直接宾语               B．谓语                      C．间接宾语               D．主语

4．Smiling will make people think you are friendly． 划线部分在句中作______。

A．定语                                 B．宾语补足语                       C．宾语

5．They’re talking about how to take that wall down． 划线部分在句中作 ________。

A．状语                                 B．定语                                 C．宾语

6．Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence．

A．状语                                 B．表语                                 C．宾语

7．I felt so embarrassed that I left the party． 划线部分作________。

A．宾语                                 B．宾语补足语                       C．表语

8．Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He gave Betty a nice present．”

A．S＋V＋O        B．S＋V＋IO＋DO        C．S＋V＋P        D．S＋V＋DO＋OC

9．“Susie and I found the boy over there very interesting” The sentence structure is ________．

A．S+V                      B．S+V+P                  C．S+V+DO+OC         D．S+V+DO

10．“Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively．” The main structure of the sentence is ________．

A．S＋V        B．S＋V＋DO＋OC        C．S＋V＋IO＋DO        D．S＋V＋P

11．The most beautiful scenery that I have ever seen is the West Lake． 句子结构是______。

A．主语+及物动词+宾语        B．主语+系动词+表语            C．主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

12．Which of the following sentence has the same structure as “He felt tired after a long walk．”

A．The bad news made him unhappy the whole day．

B．He looked carefully at the little dog．

C．He brought a Christmas gift for his son yesterday．

D．The leaves turn brown in autumn．

13．下列句子是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的是：

A．The strawberries look nice．        B．I think it’s healthy．        C．I like chicken for dinner．

14．He also tells Scrooge to expect three spirits to visit him．

A．主语+及物动词+宾语

B．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

C．主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语

15．A good starting point is to ask the questions about himself of herself．

A．主语+及物动词+宾语        B．主语+系动词+表语            C．主语+不及物动词

16．I was going to go up when I decided to get a coffee first． 句子结构是_______．

A．主语+不及物动词              B．主语+系动词+表语            C．主语+及物动词+宾语

17．This will help you communicate better with other people．

A．主语+谓语                        B．主语+谓语+宾语               C．主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

18．Hanging out with friends is almost impossible for me now．

A．主语+系动词+表语            B．主语+谓语+宾语               C．主语+谓语+间宾+直宾

19．The structure of the sentence “We all call her Wendy．” is ________．

A．S+V                      B．S+V+O                  C．S+V+DO+OC         D．S+V+IO+DO

20．The sentence structure of “We think John the best student．” is ________．

A．S+V+DO               B．S+V+IO+DO          C．S+V+DO+OC         D．S+V+P

21．What’s the structure(结构)of the sentence “The fish tastes good．”?

A．S+V+O                  B．S+V+P                  C．S+V+DO+OC         D．S+V+IO+DO

22．The sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo walking．” is ________．

A．S+ V                     B．S+V+O                  C．S+V+IO+DO          D．S+V+DO+OC

23．The structure of “The children are playing in the park now．” belongs to ________．

A．S+V                      B．S +V+O                 C．S+V+ P                  D．S +V+DO + OC

24．What’s the structure (结构) of the sentence “We think John the most helpful student．”?

A．S+V+O                  B．S+V+P                  C．S+V+DO+OC         D．S+V+IO+DO

25．The sentence structure of “We call the little boy Jimmy．” is ________．

A．S+V+P                  B．S+V+O                  C．S+V+IO+DO          D．S+V+DO+OC

26．Which of the following has the same structure as “Mr Wang taught us Physics．”?

A．He offered the boy a lot of advice．

B．I saw him crossing the street yesterday．

C．His face turned red quickly．

D．We all laughed happily．

27．Which of the following sentences has the structure of S+V+IO+DO?

A．Autumn leaves turn brown．

B．Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat．

C．I found him very interesting．

D．Tommy does his homework every day．

28．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Lily gives me much help．”?

A．Lily is 13 years old．

B．Lily is a member of the Reading Club．

C．Lily reads books every day．

D．Lily’s Dad will buy her a new book．

29．What is the sentence pattern of “They laughed．”?

A．S+V                      B．S+V+O                  C．S+V+P                   D．S+V+C+OC

30．The sentence structure of “My mother often tells me not to make friends with Peter．” is ________．

A．S+V+P                  B．S+V                      C．S+V+IO+DO          D．S+V+DO+OC

31．—-What is Eddie doing now?

—-He is watching TV．  The structure of sentence is ________．

A．S + V        B．S + V + O        C．S + V + IO + DO        D．S + V + DO + OC

32．What is the sentence pattern of “I love English．”?

A．S + V                    B．S + V + O              C．S + V + P               D．S + V +IO + DO

33．The sentence structure of “I often hear Simon sing English songs” is ________．

A．S+V+P                  B．S+V+DO+OC         C．S+V+IO+DO          D．S+V+DO

34．Which of the following sentence has the same structure as “We think John a good student．’’?

A．I found Betty difficult to work with．

B．Amy bought a present for me last week．

C．Singing brings the young man great happiness．

D．Mum and Dad gave me nice presents for my birthday．

35．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Ice cream tastes nice．”?

A．Snow is falling down．

B．Autumn leaves turn brown．

C．Children like flying kites in spring．

D．We can see people make snowmen in winter．

36．The structure of the sentence “Autumn leaves turn brown” is ________．

A．S+V+DO+OC         B．S+V+O                  C．S+V+P                   D．S+V

37．“Dustin found the Barbie doll broken．” What’s the structure of this sentence?

A．S+V+DO+OC         B．S+V+IO+DO          C．S+V+DO+IO          D．S+V+OC+DO

38．What’s the structure of the sentence “They are talking happily．”?

A．S+V                      B．S+V+O                  C．S+V+P                   D．S+V+IO+DO

39．The sentence structure of “________” is “S+V”．

A．The next bus will arrive．

B．Some volunteers reached the village．

C．The movie made the boy excited．

D．Her voice is beautiful．

40．The sentence structure of “Farmers harvest crops．” is ________．

A．S+V+IO+DO        B．S+V+DO +OC        C．S+V        D．S+V+O

…………

参考答案

1．B

【详解】句意：他非常高兴。

考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，句型结构是“主+系+表”，He是主语，is是系动词，very happy作表语，其中副词very修饰形容词happy。故选B。

2．B

【详解】句意：我昨天晚上把弟弟弄哭了。

考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，句型结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补+状语”。I是主语，made是谓语动词，my brother是宾语，cry是对宾语的一种补充说明，所以是宾语补足语，last night是时间状语。故选B。

3．A

…………