第09讲 动词不定式-2024年暑假新八年级英语预习精品讲义（译林版）

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2024年暑假新八年级英语预习精品讲义

第09讲 动词不定式

【基础知识】

用法详解： 

在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。动词不定式由“to+动词原形” 构成，有时to省略，直接由动词原形构成。否定式由“not to+动词原形” 构成。

如：We decided to go on hiking though we were tired． 虽然我们很累，但是我们决定继续远足。

The girl tried not to wake up her mother． 这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。

1． 动词不定式作宾语

（1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+to do” 结构）常见的有：

learn  学会          plan  计划           decide 决定

try 尽力             choose   选择       agree 同意

refuse 拒绝          pretend 假装        offer 主动

would like / want 想要                    expect 期望

hope / wish 希望                             promise 承诺

afford 负担得起                              prefer 喜欢

2． 动词不定式作宾语补足语

（1）接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（动词+sb．+to do结构，否定式“动词+sb．+not to do” ）常见的有：

tell 告诉           ask 请                 order 命令

warn 警告         teach 教               want 想要

wish 希望         expect 期望           encourage 鼓励

allow 允许        invite 邀请             advise 建议

require 要求       force 强迫

如：Do you want me to find out the phone number? 你想要我找出那个电话号码吗？

（2）有些及物动词，接不定式作宾语补足语时（动词+sb．+do ），要省略to。这类及物动词常见的有：

let 让         make 使        have 使

see 看见       watch 注视     hear 听到

notice 注意到         feel 感觉起来

被动语态中要还原to，如 make sb． do被动语态变为 sb． be made to do。

如：I saw him read in the library yesterday． 我昨天看到他在图书馆阅读

3． 动词不定式作目的状语

不定式作目的状语，可放在句首或句末。to表示目的、为了。

如：To learn math well, you must do more exercises． 为了学好数学，你必须多做练习。

We came here to ask you for help． 我们来这是为了向你寻求帮助。

【考点剖析】

1． My teacher encouraged me ________ English as much as possible．

A．speak                     B．to speak                  C．speaking                 D．spoke

2． Jim is good at telling stories． He always makes us ________ when he tells us stories．

A．laugh                     B．to laugh                  C．laughs                    D．laughing

3．—Why did you get up so early? You didn’t get up until 9 a．m． before．

—________ the first bus．

A．Catch                     B．Catching                 C．To catch                 D．Caught

4．—Did you practice ________ English this morning?

—Yes, but I forgot ________ the classroom．

A．to speak; to clean                B．speaking; to clean               C．speaking; cleaning

5．—Do you plan ________ for a party this weekend?

—Yes, we do．

A．to prepare              B．prepare                   C．preparing               D．prepared

6． We should try our best ________ those people in need．

A．to help                   B．helping                   C．help                       D．to helping

【真题演练】

7． The painting is really valuable to him． He will never agree ________ it．

A．sell                        B．sells                       C．sold                       D．to sell

8． ________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door．

A．Reach                    B．To reach                 C．Reaching                D．To reaching

9． The teacher told Jack _______ off the light when he left the classroom．

A．turn                                   B．turning                              C．to turn

10． Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!

A．cutting                   B．to cut                     C．getting                   D．to get

11． Kitty, these books are ________ heavy for you ________ carry． Let me help you．

A．as…as                    B．too…to                  C．such…that              D．so…that

12． The local government advises people ________ to other places ________ it is not necessary during the pandemic．

A．travel; unless          B．to not travel; if        C．not to travel; unless D．not to travel; if

13． As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork．

A．bring                     B．to bring                  C．bringing                 D．brought

14． Mr． Brown told his son not ________ the paintings in the museum．

A．touch                     B．to touch                  C．touching                 D．touched

15． The new year is coming． Teachers encourage us ________ new hobbies．

A．develop                  B．developing              C．to develop              D．developed

16． The teachers often tell us ________ more reading．

A．doing                     B．to do                      C．does                       D．do

17． His cousin is a humorous man． He makes us ________ all the time．

A．laughs                    B．laughing                 C．to laugh                 D．laugh

18． It’s very kind ________ you ________ others when they’re in need．

A．for; to help             B．of; to help              C．for; helping            D．of; helping

19．— I’m sorry, Miss Green． I left my math book at home．

— It doesn’t matter． Please remember ________ it here tomorrow．

A．taking                    B．to take                    C．bringing                 D．to bring

【过关检测】

20． Ms Zhang did a lot of things ________ money for people who were in need．

A．raise                      B．to raise                   C．raising                   D．raised

21． The policeman asked the child ________ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green．

A．not; when               B．don’t; before           C．not to;until             D．not to; after

22． There ________ some good advice about how ________ our living conditions．

A．is; to improve         B．are; to improve       C．is; improving          D．are; improving

23． It’s time to decide what to do and _________．

A．when to do it          B．when to do             C．when I should do    D．how should I do it

24． I’m happy ________ to the party．

A．to invite                 B．be invited               C．to be invited           D．to be invite

25． The teacher asked us ________ any noise． Then we stopped ________．

A．to not make, talking                                   B．not to make, to talk

C．not making, talking                                    D．not to make, talking

26． The teacher asks Jack _________ to school early, and tells him _________ late again．

A．to go, not to be                                          B．to go, not be

C．going, to be not                                         D．to go, to be not

27． She doesn’t know _________ her feelings．

A．to how express        B．how express to        C．to express how        D．how to express

28． The teenagers offered _________ voluntary work in the nursing home．

A．doing                     B．to do                      C．to doing                 D．do

29．—Mr Li, I have trouble ________ with others． What should I do?

—Remember ________ to others patiently．

A．to communicate; listening                           B．to communicate; to listen

C．communicating; listening                            D．communicating; to listen

30．—It is important for us to know ________ all the subjects．

—Yeah, group work is my favourite way．

A．how to study          B．how do we study     C．what to study          D．to study

31． The students decided ________ for a volunteer after-school reading program．

A．trying out               B．try out                    C．to try out                D．tried out

32． The teacher told the students ________ any food into the computer room．

A．not to bring            B．not bring                C．don’t bring             D．to bring not

33． The Internet makes it possible for students ________．

A．have online classes                                     B．to have online classes

C．will have online classes                               D．having online classes

34．—Betty, I am not good at English． Could you please help me?

—Sure． I’ll do what I can ________ you improve your English．

A．help                       B．to help                   C．helping                  D．helped

35． After you finish ________ the story, do you know what ________ next?

A．to write; doing        B．writing; doing         C．to write; to do         D．writing; to do

36． They organized a painting competition _________ children in need．

A．help                       B．helping                   C．helped                    D．to help

37．—I have difficulty ________ math well．

—Helen is good at the subject． She can teach you ________ it well．

A．to learn, learning    B．to learn, to learn      C．learning, learning    D．learning, to learn

38． Mr Wang often lets us _________ our opinions in class．

A．to share                  B．sharing                   C．shared                    D．share

39． He studies _________ fail in the exam．

A．hardly enough not to                                  B．hard enough not to

C．hard enough don’t                                      D．enough hardly don’t

40． Students are holding an activity _________ money for children in need．

A．raise                      B．to raise                   C．raised                     D．raising

41．—Why do they keep standing there?

—They don’t seem ________ who ________ for help．

A．know; to talk          B．know; to talk to       C．to know; to talk      D．to know; to talk to

42． My father loves sports． It takes him one hour ________ sports every day．

A．to do                                 B．does                                  C．doing

…………

参考答案

1．B

【解析】

句意：我的老师鼓励我多说英语。

考查非谓语动词。speak“说”，固定搭配encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，故选B。

2．A

【解析】

句意：Jim擅长讲故事。他讲故事时，总是让我们大笑。

考查非谓语动词。laugh“大笑”，根据“makes”是使役动词可知，空缺处用省略to的不定式作宾补，故选A。

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