2023-2024学年译林版八年级英语上册Unit 6 知识清单

本资料来自专辑：2023-2024学年译林版八年级英语上册Unit1-8单元知识清单

2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元知识清单

Unit 6 Birdwatching

一、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit．

1．go birdwathcing = go to watch birds 去观鸟

2．go to the market to watch the birds去市场观鸟

3． like the birds at the market 喜欢市场上的鸟

4．join the Birdwatching Society 参加观鸟协会

5．brown and grey feathers  棕灰色的羽毛

【区别】★feather 鸟类的羽毛（可数名词）； fur 其它动物的皮毛（不可数名词）

hair 头发 （不可数名词）

6．What do cranes look like? 鹤长的什么样子？    【询问长相、外貌】

7．How many types/kinds of cranes are there in the world? 世界上有多少种鹤？

8．They are rare birds． 它们是稀有的鸟类。

二、Reading

1．in Heilongjiang Province  在黑龙江省

2．Zhalong / Yancheng Nature Reserve   扎龙/盐城自然保护区

★nature 名词：大自然→ natural  形容词：自然的；天然的

3．in North-east China = in the north-east of China  在中国东北

【拓展】★in East China = in the east of China = in the eastern part of China 在中国东部

4．one of the world’s most important wetlands世界上最重要的湿地之一

=one of the most important wetlands in the world

5．【重点】provide food and cover for a lot of wildlife = provide a lot of wildlife with food and cover

为许多野生动物提供食物和庇护所

【区分】①★provide sth． for sb． = provide sb． with sth．

②★ offer sth． to sb． = offer sb． sth．

③cover 作名词：庇护所，封面，盖子

作动词：覆盖

eg: Please cover the boy with my coat．  请用我的外套将那个男孩盖起来。

The ground is covered with snow．   大地被雪覆盖着。 （被动语态）

6．It is a perfect place for some rare birds．  对一些珍稀的鸟类来说它是一个完美的地方。

7．all year round = the whole year  一年到头

8．go there only for a short stay 只去那儿作短暂停留 = stay there only for a short time

9． while的用法：

①while作名词：一会儿        eg: after a while 过了一会儿

②while作连词：当．．．．时候(后接长动词）  eg: I was watching TV while father was sleeping．

③while作连词：然而（表并列关系）  eg: Boys like playing football while girls like dancing．

10．be active in the daytime 在白天很活跃

11．40 per cent of them live in Zhalong． 它们中的40%生活在扎龙。

12．make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings．

让湿地变得更好是为了给农场和楼房留有更多的空间。

①★in order to do sth． 为了做某事→否定： in order not to do sth． 为了不做某事

②．．．．．in order that + 目的状语从句．．．． = ．．．．．．so that + 目的状语从句．．．．      为了，以便．．．．．．．

13．This will lead to less and less space for wildlife．  这将导致野生动物的空间越来越少。

①★lead:带领；领导→过去式：led】

②★lead to sth． → lead to doing sth．  导致某事的发生或结果，其中to 为介词。

③★less and less space/room 越来越少的空间   【space/room作“空间”时不可数】

14．have enough food to eat   有足够的食物吃

15．Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong．

现在中国政府已经制定了法律来预防这些事情(发生)在扎龙。

①has made 为现在完成时结构  【现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词】

②prevent防止、阻止、预防

【用法】★prevent sth．  预防/阻止某事

★prevent doing sth．  预防/阻止做某事

★ prevent sb． (from) doing sth． = stop sb． (from) doing sth． 阻止某人做某事

= keep sb．from doing sth．

【注意】keep sb． doing sth．    保持某人一直做某事

16．the members of the Birdwatching Society   观鸟协会的成员

17．go to study the birds in Zhalong   去研究扎龙的鸟

18．record their types and changes in their numbers  记录它们的种类以及数量上的变化

19．need more people to count and describe the birds 需要更多的人来数鸟并且对其进行描述

①count 动词：数，计数  → countable 形容词：可数的；uncountable 形容词：不可数的

②describe 动词：描述 → description 名词：描述

20．help people understand the importance of the wetlands 帮助人们理解湿地的重要性

  understand → 过去式： understood

21．Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife．  【动名词短语作主语（单数）】

三、Grammar

【语法】A． 用动词不定式表目的状语。

Eg: I often go to the market to watch the birds．

I made a kite to play with my son． =  I made a kite in order to play with my son．

【语法】B、用动词不定式作宾语补足语。   【结构： 动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式（作宾补）】

(1)带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want,need)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

①We are now inviting them to help us．

②We need more people to count and describe the birds．

③We ask people not to catch birds for any reason．

(2)不带to动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里to省略 (被动语态句里to要加上）。多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：

①This picture makes me feel excited！

②Mr Mu agreed to let me join their school trip．

③She often sees the boy play football in the park．

(3)有的动词不定式作宾补时to可带可不带，如help后接动词不定式作补语。

①They can help you (to) learn English．

② Using email English helps you write quickly．

【拓展】动词不定式的其它用法介绍：

（1）用作后置定语定语：句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系．

①I have so many clothes ( to wash) today．

②We have no house (to live in)．      ③I have much homework (to do)．

（2）用作原因状语，多见于“sb．+be+adj．+to do．．．”结构句中。如：

①I feel very lucky to have a friend like you．      ②I am sorry to hear that．

（3）用作结果状语，多见于“too．．．to”，“enough to．．．”结构句中。如：

①I’m too tired to walk any farther．

②The room is big enough for three people to live in．

= The room is too small for three people to live in．

③I ran home quickly to find my house on fire．

（4）用作宾语：常直接跟在及物动词ask, choose, agree, hope, decide, learn,know, wish, want,would like / love等后面作宾语。如：

①We want to go shopping．        ②He needs to buy a pen．

③Tom decided to go swimming．

★动词不定式在及物动词后作宾语。 动词不定式在不及物动词后常作状语。

★有的动词既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，但意义区别比较明显，如：forget / remember to do sth．（忘记/记住要做某事）；forget / remember doing sth．（忘记/记得做过某事）；stop to do sth．（停下来去做另一件事）；stop doing sth．（停止正在做的事）。

（5）用作主语：直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb．表示不定式的逻辑主语)。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：

①To get there by bike will take us half an hour．

= It will take us half an hour to get there by bike．

②It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do sth．

It is difficult for us to finish the exercises in an hour． （difficult修物或事）

③It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do sth．

It is kind of you to help me． (kind修人)

（6）用作表语：动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词（主要是be动词）后。如：

①My dream is to become a doctor．       ②My job is to clean the toilet．

【语法】C． 重点短语句型

1．take photos of the birds   拍这些鸟儿的照片

2．ask us to wear a pair of comfortable shoes   叫我们穿一双舒适的鞋

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