本资料来自专辑:2023-2024学年译林版八年级英语上册Unit1-8单元知识清单
2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元知识清单
Unit 1 Friends
一、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit.
1.Can I have something to drink? 我能喝点东西吗?
【重点】something to eat 吃的东西; 【动词不定式作后置定语,修饰不定代词】
something to drink 喝的东西 【动词不定式作后置定语,修饰不定代词】
2.Can I have some more food? 我能再多叫些食物吗?
【重点】数字+ more + 名词 = another + 数字+ 名词
Eg: three more apples = another three apples
3.There’s nothing in the fridge. 冰箱里什么东西都没有。
= There isn’t anything in the fridge.
4.a writing/singing/drawing/dancing competition 一次写作/唱歌/绘画/舞蹈比赛
【区分】match 指体育类(球类)等比赛
competition 指文学/艺术类比赛
Eg: hold a drawing competition 举办绘画比赛
5.★What makes your friend so special? 什么使你的朋友这么特别?【what作句子主语】
what在此句中作主语, make + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补
6.care about you 关心你
【区分】care for you = look after you = take care of you 照顾你
7.keep a secret for him 替他保密
【重点】keep a secret for sb. / keep secrets for sb 为某人保守秘密
8.tell him everything about yourself 告诉他有关你自己的一切
9.make me happy 使我开心 【make + 宾语+形容词作宾补】
= make me feel happy 【make sb. do sth.】
10.share one’s joy 分享某人的快乐 【回顾:share sth.with sb. 与某人分享某物】
11.be ready to help 乐于帮助 【重点】be ready to help others 乐于助人
12.an honest man 一个诚实的人 【反义词:dishonest 不诚实的】
13.★have problems with sth. = have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
Eg: I have some problems with my Maths.
= I have some problems (in) learning Maths.
14.believe what he/she says 相信他/她说的话 【此句中what引导宾语从句】
= believe his/her words
15.What makes good friends? 什么样人品的人适合成为好朋友?【what作句子主语】
16.tell lies/ tell a lie (to sb.) (向某人)撒谎
【重点】①lie 作名词:谎言 a white lie 善意的谎言
②lie 作动词:撒谎,躺下 lie to sb. 对某人撒谎
③lie →过去式lay(躺下)→过去式lied(撒谎)
④lie →现在分词lying
17.tell us funny jokes 给我们讲风趣的笑话 【讲笑话、讲故事用tell】
18.agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
19. be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌 【反义词:impolite不礼貌的】
二、Reading
1.one of my best friends 我最好的朋友之一
★“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 结构做句子的主语时谓语动词用
单数形式。 eg: One of the tallest boys comes from the UK.
2.be generous to sb.对某人很大方
3.She is willing to share things with her friends.她愿意和她的朋友一起分享东西。
【重点】be willing to do sth. = be ready to do sth. 乐于做某事
4.be ready to help people any time愿意在任何时候帮助人们
5.help me with my homework = help me (to) do my homework
【回顾:help sb. with sth.= help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事】
6.give one’s seat (on the bus) to someone in need(在公共汽车上)把座位让给需要的人
7.have a good voice 有个好嗓子
【区分】①voice:指说话声、歌唱声、鸟叫声等嗓子发出来的声音。
②noise:噪声、喧闹声,指不悦耳的、不和谐的嘈杂声,或任何令人讨厌的声音。
③sound:声音、声响,其含义最广,指人能听到的任何声音,包括大的、小的、
好听的、难听的、有意义的和无意义的声音。
8.grow up 长大
9.wear small round glasses 戴着圆圆的小眼镜
10.make him look smart 使他看起来很帅气 【make sb. do sth.】
11.★have a good sense of humour 非常有幽默感
have a good sense of time 很有时间观念 have a good sense of direction 很有方向感
12.feel bored with him 和他在一起感到无聊 【bored修人; boring修物】
13.His legs do not fit well under his desk. 他的腿不能很好地放在桌子底下。
fit: (vi.) 可容纳,装进
14.walk past our desks 经过我们的书桌
15.knock the books onto the floor 把书碰到地上
16.She is shorter than I am. = She is shorter than me. 她比我矮。
17.have big bright eyes 有明亮的大眼睛
18.have long straight hair 有长的直发
19.★say a bad word about anyone = say bad words about anyone说任何人的坏话
20.a true friend一个忠实的朋友 【重点:true (形)→truly(副)】
21.When something worries me, I can always go to her. 当有事让我烦恼的时候,我总是去找她。
【重点】①sth. worry sb. 某事使某人烦恼
②sb. worry about sth. = sb.is worried about sth. 某人为某事担心
22.choose sb. as my best friend 选某人作为我的最好的朋友 = choose sb. to be my best friend
【重点】choose 动词:选择,过去式为chose
choice 名词:选择
三、Grammar
形容词的比较级和最高级。
1、我们用比较级来比较两个人或物,在比较级后面我们一般加上一个than.
Sandy’s hair is longer than Millie’s hair. My book is more interesting than his.
2、我们用最高级来比较三个或更多的人或物,在最高级前面通常加一个the(如有形容词性物
主代词或名词所有格时不需要加the).
He is the tallest boy in my class. This is the most expensive printer in the shop.
3.形容词比较级和最高级的构成(见教材P11)
Adjective (形容词) | Comparative(比较级) | Superlative(最高级) |
①大多数短形容词(少于或等于两个音节) | +er | +est |
tall
small |
→ taller
→ smaller |
→(the) tallest
→(the) smallest |
②以E结尾的短形容词 | +r | +st |
nice
fine |
→ nicer
→ finer |
→ (the) nicest
→ (the) finest |
③以辅音字母+y结尾的短形容词 | -y +ier | -y +iest |
pretty
easy |
→ prettier
→ easier |
→ (the) prettiest
→ (the) easiest |
④以元音字母+辅音字母结尾的短形容词 | double the consonant +er
(双写辅音字母再+er) |
double the consonant +est
(双写辅音字母再+est) |
slim
big fat hot sad thin red |
→ slimmer
→ bigger → fatter → hotter → sadder → thinner → redder |
→ (the) slimmest
→ (the) biggest → (the) fattest → (the) hottest → (the) saddest → (the) thinnest → (the) reddest |
⑤长形容词,一般超过2个音节 | + more/less | +most/least |
beautiful
interesting important |
→ more/less beautiful
→ more/less interesting → more/less important |
→ (the) most/least beautiful
→ (the) most/least interesting → (the) most/least important |
⑥特殊的形容词 | 替换这个词 | 替换这个词 |
good/well
bad/ill/badly old far much/many little |
→better
→worse →older/elder(年长的) →farther/further(更进一步) →more →less |
→(the) best
→(the) worst →(the) oldest/eldest →(the) farthest/furthest →(the) most →(the) least |
【拓展】A.形容词比较级与最高级的基本用法与特殊用法举例:
①His bike is newer than hers. (见到than 必须用比较级)
…………
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