第18讲 短文填空题型解题技巧-2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新八年级英语暑假精品课及练习

第18讲 短文填空题型解题技巧

第一部分 题型解题技巧

一、短文填空题型介绍

短文填空这种题型一般是给出一段短文，出题的方式比较多样。这种题型一般难度稍大。考查的是同学们对短文上下文的理解能力、对单词词组句型的运用能力，以及对全文逻辑推理能力。是中考重要题型之一。

二、短文填空题型做题技巧

①英语首字母填空

1.通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。

2.复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词

在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。要注意上、下文的关系，把握文章的整体意义。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避，待理解全文后再找解决方法。有些短文填空题，出现约 3%~5% 的生词很正常，要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。

3.反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理

再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。

4.认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：

做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。

②选词填空

该题型是初中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。

1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。

2.仔细阅读句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。

3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do，现在分词-doing，过去分词-done，固定搭配enjoy doing sth./ used to do sth./ have sth. done…)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词也需考虑，例如：more interesting/the most interesting，happy-happily/happiness；填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数的用法。

③自由填空

该短文填空题型相关短文的话题一般是一个学生们都非常熟悉的话题，相对比较容易理解，难度不大。题型根据文意在空格填写适当的单词，题目中没有给出关于单词的任何提示，学生们只能通过上下文的意思进行猜测，还需要注意单词的适当形式。做题时，应先通读短文，将空格隔过去，了解文章的大概意思；然后再确切理解每句话想要表达的内容，填写适当的单词。句子的结构、固定短语等，也是解题的关键。

④杂糅性填空

首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。

语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．本文主要考查了动词、名词、形容词、副词、等实词，需要考生弄懂上下文的语境．

⑤考提示词填空

本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的汉语提示填写出合适的词语。

短文填空，要求根据句意结构和单词提示填空，使句意通顺，文意连贯。主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。

第二部分 短文填空专项训练（含解析）

一

Jack was careless and he was always having accidents. He paid no 1．（注意）to what he was doing or where he was going. He was always in trouble.

A few months ago, a car hit him while he was on his way home from school. The driver was a bit2．（累的）, he did not see Jack. And Jack was talking on his mobile phone and was riding in the 3．（中间的）of the road. He was hit by the car. He broke his leg and was in hospital for 4．（几个）weeks.

Last week, he fell down into a hole in the park. As usual, he was not looking where he was going. He 5．（努力） to climb out of the hole with the help of some people.

Then people sent him to hospital because he was in great 6．（痛苦）.7．（幸运的是）, he did not break an arm or a leg. At the hospital, the doctors gave him some 8．（医疗的）treatment and then he went home.

I always 9．（告诫） him to be careful before. But he did not listen to me. After the two accidents, he 10．（许诺）to take my advice. Now he is much more careful than before.

二

Mike and I are good friends. This year, we will 11． （参加）a 1,000-metre long distance 12． （竞赛）. So I am 13． （骄傲） of it. Have you 14． （曾经）taken part in sports meeting? We have 15． （邀请） some exchange students to join us. They are from 16． （法国）. Every year their schools send 20 students to study here for one week and some of 17． （我们）can also attend their courses.

We are also 18． （感兴趣） in space. This term we join the space club. We hope 19． （成为）an astronaut. We are going to make a 20． （模型）of the solar system because we have just learned it in class. They are all familiar with the sun and the earth, but we still know little about the other seven 21． （行星）.

三

Whenever we see something new, we wish to write it down in one form or another. We will be happier if we share our experience with others. Then h22． can we write better travel stories? The following may be helpful.

Memory and notes

Don’t believe your memory. You may have a good memory, b23． you cannot remember everything well. You are seeing and hearing so much information while you’re on a trip. When you return to write about your travel stories,you may f24． something. So you should make notes, take photographs, and if p25．, take videos. In this way, you can describe your travel and write it down w26． missing anything.

Photographs and your stories

Photographs are very useful for you to remember w27． you have seen. As you see the photographs, you can describe your experiences easily by remembering how you felt when you t28． photos.

When you are writing about your travel stories, make sure they are not too short as your reader may not get the full impression（印象）of them and make sure they are not so l29． that the reader may get bored.

Popular factors（因素）

Make sure your stories have popular factors and the reader will find your travel stories not only pleasant to read, but u30． as well. Popular factors are food to eat, places to stay and the things to look out for while t31．. They should also include what you’ve found useful and the things you miss so much.

四

Here is a useful and interesting computer game. Let me tell you how to play it.

The game is called Draw Something. It needs two players to work t32．. One draws a picture and the o33．guesses what it is.

The game g34． you three words each time. Then you choose one to draw. Some are easy but some are difficult. For example, it is much e35． to draw a moon than a cat. If your partner guesses the c36． word, you both will get one to three “coins”. Coins are very u37．. The more he guesses the pictures correctly, the m38．

coins you both will get. If you can’t draw any of the words, you can use a “bomb”(炸弹) to get three new words. Of course, the bombs are not f39．. You need to buy them with the coins.

This game can help you remember English words and p40． drawing pictures. But you’d better not s41．too much time on it. It will be bad for your eyes.

Now can you play the game? And why not play it with your buddy?

五

Last month, we had 42． eight-day National Holiday. For many people, it was the 43．(long) vacation in a year. Many of them went out for a trip and I 44． (plan) to have a trip, too. I had a 45．(discuss) with my parents. Finally, we decided 46．(go) to Shanghai. We went there some times, 47． this time we did something different. We visited a place called Tianzifang. It is a wonderful place 48． many different kinds of small shops along the streets. We walked slowly and enjoyed 49．(we). When we felt tired, we sat 50．(comfort) and had nice coffee in a small coffee shop. It was really relaxing and also didn’t make me feel 51．(boring).

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参考答案

短文大意

文章讲述的是作者的朋友Jack经过两次事故之后，变得更细心了。

答案解析

1．句意：他不注意自己在做什么，也不注意自己要去哪里。attention“注意”，名词，pay no attention“置之不理，毫不在乎”，是固定短语，故填attention。

2．句意：司机有点累了，他没有看见杰克。tired“累的”，是形容词，作表语，故填tired。

3．句意：Jack正在打电话，把车骑到了马路中间。middle“中间”，是名词，in the middle of“在……中间”，故填middle。

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