第17讲 阅读理解题型解题技巧-2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

本资料来自专辑：2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练汇总

2023年新八年级英语暑假精品课及练习

第17讲 阅读理解题型解题技巧

第一部分 题型解题技巧

一、阅读理解题型介绍

阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。

二、阅读理解题型做题技巧

一、分门别类识别文体。

记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。

议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。

应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、 广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。

二、统览全篇摘录要点

阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。

在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。

三、开动脑筋推测词义

初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:

(1)根据上下文猜测调义。

(2)根据构词法猜测词义。

前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy; fair unfair; important-unimportant等。

缀-ment表名词，如develop development; state statement; argue- argument等。

后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate- calculator; visit- visitor; law- lawyer; art-artist等。

四、用知识和生活经验理解短文

如根据化学知识，可以理解Walter is made from oxygen and hydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.

还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。

五、条分缕析理解长旬

物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。

第二部分 阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

一

Jane has gone online to chat to her friend, Susan. She has some bad news to share!

Jane: Hey,Susan, are you there?

Susan: Yes. What’s up?

Jane: I’ve had some really bad news today. My best friend, Ivy, is leaving to go to live in the United States.

Susan: That’s really bad. When is she going?

Jane: She is going at the end of this term.

Susan: What does she think about it?

Jane: She was really sad at first, but now I think she is sort of looking forward to it. She is going to the high school and her mum has promised(承诺) her she can start to drive when she is only 16!

Susan: Wow! Just like on TV!

Jane: Oh no! She will not miss me at all, but I will miss her so much.

Susan: It isn’t easy to go to a new school and make new friends. In America, they will make fun of her accent(口音) and her clothes. At least you will still have your other friends.

Jane: You are right. I would hate to have to go to a new school. I would miss all my friends and I would not be able to do any of the lessons. I would end up failing all my examinations and never getting into university.

Susan: What a nightmare(噩梦)! I think she might need to talk to you online. You can talk to her every day.

Jane: But it is not the same as seeing someone every day.

Susan: No, but if you try your best you will still be good friends.

Jane: Thanks, Susan. Got to go.

Susan: Bye!

1．Who is leaving school to go to live in the United States?

A．Susan.      B．Ivy’s mother.    C．Jane. D．Ivy.

2．Jane chatted with Susan online because she ________.

A．felt happy for her friend’s good chance  B．felt really sorry for her best friend

C．wanted someone to share the happiness  D．wanted someone to share the bad news

3．Ivy’s mother tells Ivy she can ________.

A．drink when she is sixteen B．drive a car when she is sixteen

C．go to high school at sixteen     D．get into university at sixteen

4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the material?

A．Jane and her best friend will forget each other.

B．Susan advised Jane to write letters to Ivy often.

C．Jane thinks she can never get used to(习惯) life in a new school.

D．Susan thinks American students are kind and friendly.

二

What kind of funny jokes do you often play on your classmates? Hide their books or pens away? Or put something strange into their schoolbags? These are not surprising compared with the joke played by a group of six-grade students from Berwick High School.

These naughty students were trying to sell their school building, furniture and “full use of all staff members”. They said that the list also included their headmaster, who might “kill” them if he found out what they were doing. They put the full package on e-Bay for a price of ￡2,018.

e-Bay was founded in September 1995. At that time, Omidyar’s girlfriend loved Pez candy boxes, but she was sad that she couldn’t find someone who had the same interest as her. So Omidyar set up a caution site to help his girlfriend communicate with Pez candy box lovers in the United States. People can sell things online on e-Bay.

The students also warned that they wouldn’t accept the money they got. After the information was put on e-Bay, there were fourteen people wanting to buy the product. One person even offered ￡5,000 for the school.

The e-Bay listing was soon removed. However, the school didn’t punish the students. Why? In fact, this was a joke played on the school “Muck-Up Day”. At school, it is a long tradition to play funny jokes on their last day of school before entering their exam time.

5．The phrase “full use of all staff members” in paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A．the school building  B．desks and chairs in the school

C．the students at school      D．all the teachers and the headmaster

6．________ set up e-Bay in September 1995.

A．Omidyar   B．Naughty students     C．Omidyar’s girlfriend       D．Pez candy box lovers

7．After people got the information of selling the school on the Internet, ________.

A．the students were punished     B．the headmaster was very angry

C．some people offered to buy it  D．no people were interested in it

8．The students wanted to sell their school on e-Bay because ________.

A．they didn’t like their school at all

B．they wanted to make some money

C．the headmaster asked them to do so

D．they wanted to play a joke on “Muck-Up Day”

三

There are several ways you can find out about the countries and places you wish to visit. You can talk to friends who have travelled to the places, you can go and see a film, or you can read travel books.

It seems that there are three kinds of travel books. The first are those that give a personal, subjective (主观的) ideas of travels which the writers have got themselves. These books can be useful if the writers share their travelling experiences with others. The second are those books which give a purely objective (客观的) information of things to be done and seen. If a cultured person has written such a book, then it is even more useful. The third kind are those books which are called “a guide” to some place. If they are good, they will describe and explain the place in detail. I think they are the most helpful for travellers. Like the first kind, they can be exciting and interesting, but their main purpose is to help the reader plan his travel in the most special way.

Whatever kind of travel book you choose, you must make sure that it does not describe everything as “wonderful”, “excellent” or “fantastic”. You must keep an open eye on its date of publication(出版) because travel is a very practical matter and many things change quickly in the twenty-first century. Finally, you should make sure that it is easy to find the useful information for your travel.

9．The writer of the first kind of travel book gave his ideas after he ________ .

A．travelled   B．read books

C．heard a lot about travelling     D．surfed the Internet

10．The underlined phrase “a cultured person” means person with ________.

A．a good appearance   B．a good education     C．a lot of experience   D．a lot of money

11．The date of publication must be noticed because ________.

A．the prices of travel books may be different

B．the writers of travel books may be different

C．the information in travel books is always the same

D．the information in travel books is always changing

12．According to passage, it is best to read ________ before travelling to a place of interest.

A．the first kind of travel book    B．the second kind of travel book

C．the third kind of travel book   D．some travel articles in newspapers

四

Embarrassing(令人尴尬的) moments happen to everyone, no matter how important a person is. What would you do if you had an embarrassing moment?

★Forget all about it and then laugh about it. The first thing you should do is let others know it is a joke. Just laugh loudly and say, “That is funny!” People will know that you are not taking it seriously. They will stop making fun of you.

★________ When you go back to your room, just take a moment to think how that embarrassing moment happened. Are you always careless? Think about ways to correct the problem.

★Improve your awareness(意识). Try to be more aware of what is happening around you if you are always careless. Just remember not to be upset over it. The people who laugh at you have probably done something similar to(与……相似) what you have done. Just laugh with them at the time, or they will not remember your embarrassment for along time. Stay cool and enjoy the rest of the day.

★Don’t be afraid of embarrassing moments. Take it easy. It’s not hard to get through it if you believe that you can do with it.

13．According to the passage, ________ people have embarrassing moments.

A．most B．few   C．no     D．all

14．Which sentence can be filled in the blank of Paragraph 3?

A．Stay in your room alone and laugh.

B．Think about your problem carefully.

C．How do you feel after the embarrassing moments

D．What can we do at the embarrassing moments?

15．The passage mainly tells us ________.

A．how to deal with embarrassing moments       B．when embarrassing moments usually happen

C．how to forget embarrassing moments     D．how to face embarrassing moments bravely

五

Joe was going into his usual bar before lunch when he saw a poorly dressed man fishing in a small pool about five centimeters deep outside it.

Joe stopped and watched the man for a few minutes. He saw that most of the people who passed by him believed he must be quite mad(发疯的).

Joe pitied the man, so after a while he went up to him and said kindly, “Hello, would you like to come into the bar and have a drink with me?”

The fisherman was glad to accept his offer(主动提议). Joe bought him a few drinks and finally said to him, “You’ve been fishing outside here, haven’t you? How many did you catch this morning, if I may ask?”

“You are the eighth,” the fisherman answered happily.

16．Before lunch Joe usually had_______.

A．a drink at the bar    B．tea at the bar

C．dinner at the bar    D．a drink with the fisherman

17．Who took pity on the fisherman?

A．Nobody.           B．Only Joe.

C．Everyone who passed by him.    D．Some of the people who passed by him.

18．The poorly dressed man_______.

A．must be mad        B．must be hungry

C．must be thirsty      D．was not mad at all

19．The fisherman pretended(假装) _______．

A．to be mad          B．to be fishing

C．to be poor          D．to have no job

20．The fisherman fooled_______.

A．all the people       B．most of the people

C．Joe as well as the other seven people    D．eight people except Joe

…………

参考答案

一

短文大意

本文主要是Jane在网上跟Susan分享她得知的一个坏消息，就是她最好的朋友要去美国生活，她很不舍得这位好朋友。

解析

1．细节理解题。根据“My best friend, Ivy, is leaving to go to live in the United States”可知，Ivy要去美国生活，故选D。

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