第12讲 简单句基本句型-2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新八年级英语暑假精品课及练习

第12讲 简单句基本句型

第一部分 语法

简单句教材原句

①Their value isn’t always important.它们的价值并不总是那么重要。

②Yes,I collect coins and notes…是的，我收集硬币和纸币….

③Hobbies can make you grow a5 a person…爱好可以促使你成…..

④I show you my stamps too.我也给你看看我的邮票。

⑤put the fans on the shelf.我要把扇子放到架子上。

简单句的基本句型

1.主语+系动词+表语(+状语)(主系表结构)

主要用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的动词有: be, become, get, smell,taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go,turn, fall, keep 等。

He became a scientist later.他后来成了一名科学家。

2.主语+不及物动词(+状语)(主谓结构)此结构常用来表示主语的动作。

They worked day and night.他们夜以继日地工作。

3.主语+及物动词+宾语(+状语)(主谓宾结构)此结构中的谓语必须是及物动词或短语。

I suggested taking a walk. 我建议去散步。

4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人) +直接宾语(物)(+状语)(主谓+双宾语结构)

此结构中常见的接双宾语的动词有:

①可用to变换间接宾语的动词:give, hand, offer,show, throw, pass, send, sell, lend 等。

Could you give me the letter? = Could you give the letter to me?你能把那封信给我吗?

②可用for变换间接宾语的动词: buy, cook, get,order, fetch等。

He bought me a bottle of ink. =He bought a bottle of ink for me.他为我买了一瓶墨水。

Note:当直接宾语(物)是代词时,要用“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to/for +间接宾语”结构。

Please give it to me.请把它给我。

5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语)(主谓+复合宾语结构)

此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。

She will make him happy.她会让他幸福。

6.There be句型

“There be +主语(+状语)”表示….有某人或某物”。其中There在句子不作任何成分，句子的主语是某人或某物,be动词的形式要与主语的形式保持一致。当主语是多个名词时,be动词的形式遵循”就近原则”。

There is a book on the desk.桌子上有本书。

There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。

There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和一些钢笔。

第二部分 简单句专项训练（含解析）

一、单项选择

1．I’m waiting for my friend. If she _____, I’ll go shopping alone.

A．comes                                B．will come                          C．doesn’t come

2．If you get up late tomorrow, you ____________ the first bus.

A．don’t catch             B．didn’t catch            C．won’t catch            D．aren’t catching

3．If we ______ take environmental problems seriously, the earth ______ worse and worse.

A．don’t; will be         B．won’t; isn’t             C．won’t; is                D．don’t; won’t be

4．—I ______to make a decision for myself .What should I do ?

—-If I _____you , I ‘d talk with my parents

A．don’t allow, am                                         B．won’t allow， was

C．am not allowed, were                                 D．weren’t allowed ,be

5．There is          milk          fruit juice in the fridge.

A．not; and                 B．not; with                C．no; or                    D．no; with

6．—What are you going to do tomorrow?

—We’ll go shopping tomorrow if it ________.

A．isn’t rain                B．rain                        C．won’t rain              D．doesn’t rain

7．—Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday?

—I think we will go if we ________ any classes.

A．won’t have              B．didn’t have              C．don’t have               D．aren’t have

8．—Would you mind _________ in the dining hall?

—Of course not.

A．not to smoke                                             B．not smoking

C．smoke                                                       D．not smoke

9．She ________ wash the dishes now.

A．not has to               B．not have to             C．doesn’t has to         D．doesn’t have to

10．—Well, I have never eaten Chinese food outside of China. —______.

A．Me, too                  B．Me neither              C．Neither have I         D．Both B and C

11．”All the students can’t speak Spanish.” means________.

A．No students can speak Spanish.                   B．Some students can speak Spanish.

C．Every student can speak Spanish.                 D．None of the students can speak Spanish.

12．I ________ sleep very well, but then I started doing yoga and it really helps.

A．didn’t use to            B．used to                   C．was used to             D．wasn’t used to

13．— Could you please ________ too much? You are much too heavy.

— OK. I should remember I am trying to lose weight!

A．don’t eat                            B．not eat                               C．eat

14．Tom has a day off, so he        go to work today, he can have a good rest.

A．hasn’t                     B．hasn’t to                  C．has to                     D．doesn’t have to

15．—How about seeing the film Mission: Impossible-Fallout this evening?

—I’m sorry I _______ free this evening. Let’s make it next Monday.

A．was                                                          B．wasn’t

C．will be                                                      D．won’t be

二、根据图画及所给单词写出句子

16． how, wonderful

__________________________________________________

17． borrow,

__________________________________________________

18． Song Zuying, famous, folk

_________________________________________________

19． learn, so…that…,

______________________________________________________

20． vegetable, not…at all

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三、句型转换

根据括号内所给要求改写句子。

21．My brother spent much money buying books last week.  (用pay改为同义句)

My brother ________ much money ________ books last week..

22．There will be less pollution in the future, _________ ________? (改为反义疑问句）

23．He studied for a test by reading books. (划线提问）

________ ________ he study for a test?

24．My sister has long curly hair. (划线提问）

What does your sister ________ ________?

25．He will be back in two days. (划线提问）

________ ________ will he be back?

四、用括号内所给的词或短语，将下列句子译成英语。

26．当他走出房间时，他发现没什么奇怪的事。（find）

___________________________________________________________________________

27．如果蛇咬你的话，拿出你的手机给它拍张照片。（if）

___________________________________________________________________________

28．大量的人口导致许多问题，例如拥挤的交通和太多的噪音。（such as）

___________________________________________________________________________

29．当你参观英国时，你最好不要忘记带雨伞 （You’d better…）

___________________________________________________________________________

30．这场意外事故之后，他的听觉受损 （have trouble…）

___________________________________________________________________________

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参考答案

1．C

【详解】

句意：我正在等我的朋友。如果她不来，我将独自去购物。

考查动词时态和否定句。comes一般现在时的肯定句；will come一般将来时；doesn’t come一般现在时的否定句。空处所在的句子是if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句应为一般现在时，故排除B项；又根据主句中alone可知，从句应为否定句，故排除A项，故选C。

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