2024-2025学年八年级上学期英语期中复习之Unit1~unit4语法复习及练习（译林版）

2024-2025学年八年级上学期英语期中复习

Unit1-unit4期中语法知识点复习

U1形容词比较级和最高级

形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。

一、比较级和最高级的用法

当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较…”，“更…一些”，“比…更…”。My cousin is taller than I am．

当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们会用形容词的最高级，表示“最…”，最高级前通常要加定冠词the。

This is the most interesting story in the book．

二、形容词比较级和最高级的构成方法

规则变化

不规则变化

三、形容词比较级常见于以下句式

1．比较级+than

A computer is more expensive than a TV set．

2．Which／Who…+比较级，…or…?”

Who is taller，Tom or Jim?

3．在比较级前加上a little、much、even、still等词来表示程度

China is much larger than Japan．

4．比较级+and+比较级或more and more+原级 表示“越来越…”

Our country is becoming stronger and stronger．

She looks more and more beautiful.

5．the+比较级(+主+谓)，the+比较级(+主+谓) 表示“越…，越…”

The busier I am, the happier I shall feel．

6．比较级+than any other+单数名词表示“比任何其他的…都…”

This camera is more expensive than any other camera in the shop．

7．the+比较级+of the two表示“两者中较…的那个”

She is the taller of the two．

四、形容词最高级常见于以下句式

1．用“形容词性物主代词+最高级”的结构来表示某人或某物的“最…”。

Peter is his oldest son．

注意：此时形容词的最高级前不需要定冠词the。

2．用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构来表示在某一范围内“最…”，当句子的主语与介词后的部分属于同一概念或类别时，常用介词of或among,而当主语属于介词后的某一范围、场所时，常用in。

The World Cup is the most exciting game of all．

Jay Chou is the most popular singer in Taiwan．

3．用“one of the+最高级+名词复数”的结构来表示“最…之一”。

Miss Gao is one of the best teachers in our school．

4．用“the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in+范围”的结构来表示“第…最…”。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country．

5．用“Which／Who is the+最高级，A，B or C?”的结构来表示“三者或三者以上之中，哪个或谁是最…?”。

Which is the biggest，the moon，the earth or the sun?

注意：

(1) 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the：He is my best friend.

(2) 同类事物才能够相比较：The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing.

(3) 最高级与比较级的转换：

Shanghai is the largest city in China.

＝Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海属于中国)

＝Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China

区别：Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. (上海不属于日本)

U2数量的比较

1．两者之间数量上的比较

(1)可用more…than…结构表示“…比…多”，more后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。

He has more books than me．

She has more free time than me．

(2)可用fewer／less…than…结构表示“……比…少”，fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词。

Tom is in fewer clubs than Jack．

We drink less coffee than tea．

2．三者或三者以上数量上的比较

(1)用the most“最多”，它后面既可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。

Bob got the most points in our class．

Simon drinks the most milk．

(2)用the fewest或the least表示“最少”，前者用来修饰可数名词复数，后者用来修饰不可数名词。

She can sing the fewest songs in our class．

He finishes the least homework of us three．

3．副词比较等级的用法

(1)A+动词(实义动词)+副词比较级+than+B．当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面自动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。

He works harder than you(do)．

I got up earlier than my mother(did)．

(2)说明“和B比起来，更喜欢A”时，要用well的比较级better，用“Sb like(s)A better than B”句型。

I like spring better than winter．

(3)当询问对方比较两者后作出选择，可用句型Which/Who do you like better，A or B?

Which do you like better，red or blue?

(4)副词比较级前可加much，a little，even，far，a lot；修饰词来加强语气。

Tony jumps much higher than Jim．

4．副词的最高级用法

常用句型：A+动词(实义动词)+(the)副词最高级+of/in／among…。

Amy writes(the)most carefully in our class．

U3 as…as的用法

当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用as…as或not as…as结构，表示“和……一样”或“和……不一样”。

Mary is as careful as Linda．

He does not run as fast as Tom．

在使用同级比较时要注意以下问题：

1) as…as或not as…as属同级比较，在此结构中，要使用形容词或副词的原级。

2) 在否定句中，第一个as也可换成so。A is not as／so… as B意为“A不如B…”。

This desk is not as heavy as that one．=This desk is not so heavy as that one．

3) 当我们对事物进行比较时，要注意比较的双方必须是同类事物。

Her ruler is as long as mine．

4) 当as…as结构涉及数量或程度时，可用as much+不可数名词+as或as many+可数名词复数+as。

You made as many mistakes as I did in the exam．

He made as much money as I did．

5) as…as结构前还可加表示倍数的词。结构为：倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as。

The room is twice as large as that one．

6) 我们可以将“A…+not as(so)+形容词原级+as+ B”，的结构转换为比较级。

Tom is not as tall as Mike．=Mike is taller than Tom．=Tom is shorter than Mike．

U3反身代词

反身代词的用法：

反身代词与它所指代的一名词或代词形成互指关系，在句中常用作宾语、表语或同位语。

1) 反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。

We must look after ourselves and keep fit．

Don’t think too much of yourself!

2) 反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。

I don’t need any help．I can do it myself．

3) 反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。

The little boy in the photo was himself．

【反身代词构成的固定表达】

by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone；

enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have fun或have a good time；

help oneself to…意为“随便吃或喝点……，随便用……”；

say to oneself意为“自言自语”。

lose oneself in….失去自我，沉溺于….

U4祈使句

祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议或叮嘱的句子。

Be quiet，please!

Don’t be late again!

祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。

‚祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，祈使句的末尾用句号或感叹号。

Be careful，or you’ll make mistakes．

Put on your coat，my dear son!

ƒ祈使句的否定形式一般是在动词原形前加don’t，构成“Don’t+动词原形+其他”结构。

Don’t be late for the meeting!

Don’t open the window．It’s too cold outside．

„为了显得更为客气和礼貌，常在祈使句中加please。当please放在句末时，须用逗号与其余部分隔开。

Please pass me the ball．

Open the window，please．

…基本结构：

肯定句式主要有三种形式：

①Do型 (行为动词原形+其他)

Sit down!

②Be型 (Be+表语，如名词、形容词)

Be quiet!

③Let型 (Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分)

Let me help you.

U4用should和had better提建议

should和had better都是情态动词，都可以用于给他人提建议，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。

1．should表“建议”

(1)should意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，由时间状语或上下文来决定现在、过去或将来。

You should do your homework more carefully．

He should be back in three days．

(2)should的否定形式是should not或shouldn’t；疑问式是将should提到句子开头；反意疑问部分应为“should／shouldn’t+主语”。

You shouldn’t come here alone again．

–Should we discuss it at once? –Yes，you should．

You shouldn’t make noise in class，should you?

2．had better表“建议”

(1)had better可缩写为’d better，后跟动词原形，表示现在或将来，没有人称和数的变化。

You’d better clean your room every day．

(2)had better的否定形式是had better not；疑问式是将had放在主语之前；在反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分用“had／hadn’t+主语”。

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语法复习同步练习

1．—Which is the worst clothes store in town?

—Dream Clothes. It’s ________ than any other store.

A．bad                   B．worse                     C．worst                     D．the worst

2．— Did you enjoy your online classes?

—Yes. But I like the traditional classroom ________ than online classes.

A．good                 B．well                       C．better                     D．best

3．If people drive more new energy vehicles (新能源汽车), the environment will be ______.

A．worse and worse                                   B．less and less            C．better and better       D．more and more

4．I’m quiet, but my friend is ________ than me.

A．more quieter      B．much quieter          C．a lot quiet               D．very quieter

5．—How do you go to school every day, by bike or on foot?

—By bike. It’s much ________ than on foot.

A．fast                   B．faster                     C．fastest                    D．the fastest

6．Because of the “double reduction” policy, students have ________ homework and ________ free time after school than usual.

A．less, fewer         B．fewer, less              C．less, more               D．more, fewer

7．—How can I get good grades in the monthly test?

—The ____________ careful you are, the ____________ mistakes you will make.

A．more; less          B．more; fewer            C．much; fewer           D．much; more

8．His classroom is ________ than ________.

A．bigger, her         B．biger, hers              C．bigger, she              D．bigger, hers

9．Nothing is _______ than basketball.

A．more exciting        B．more excited        C．exciting        D．excited

10．I have less free time than John, hut Nancy has more free time than John. Among the three of us, I have the ________ free time.

A．less                  B．least                       C．more                      D．most

11．—Which month is ________ in a year in Sichuan Province?

—January, I think.

A．cold                 B．colder                    C．coldest                   D．the coldest

12．One of my favourite ________ Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

A．storys is           B．stories are               C．stories is                 D．story is

13．—Do you know that China is one of _________?

—Yes, I do. It’s _________ older than America.

A．the oldest countries; more                     B．the oldest country; more

C．the oldest countries; much                    D．the old country; much

14．I want to choose the red scarf. I think it’s ________ of all.

A．beautiful          B．more beautiful        C．the most beautiful    D．less beautiful

15．—Which bottle has ________ water of the five bottles?

—The red one. It has less water than any other one.

A．the least           B．the most                 C．fewer                     D．the fewest

16．I think swimming is one of ________ sports in our school.

A．popular            B．more popular          C．most popular           D．the most popular

17．She always does her homework ________ than her brother.

A．more careful     B．more carefully        C．careful                   D．carefully

18．—Does Lily jump ______ of all the students in her class?

—No. Lucy can jump even ______.

A．farthest; farther B．farther; farther        C．farther; farthest       D．farthest; farthest

19．—Are things in this supermarket expensive?

—No. You can buy things ________ than any other supermarkets in our city.

A．cheaply            B．more cheaply          C．quickly                   D．more quickly

20．—Jim, you are speaking too fast. I can’t follow you.

—Sorry, I will speak a little ________.

A．more slowly     B．most quickly           C．less slowly              D．slow

21．Jason is excellent in sports. He runs ________ than me.

A．fast                  B．faster                     C．fastest                    D．the fastest

22．—Who’s the fastest runner in your class?

—Jack is. He runs ________ than any other student in my class.

A．fast                  B．faster                     C．fastest                    D．the fastest

23．Mike works really hard. He always arrives at school ________ in his class.

A．early                B．more early              C．earlier                    D．earliest

24．I often go to Sun Theatre, because I can buy the tickets ________ in the city.

A．more cheap        B．the most cheap        C．more cheaply        D．the most cheaply

25．I like summer ________ of all the seasons.

A．well                 B．better                     C．best                        D．good

26．Daniel doesn’t paint ________ others, but his ideas are the most wonderful of all.

A．as careful as     B．more careful than    C．less carefully than    D．so carefully as

27．He speaks English well, but of course not ________ a person born in England.

A．as clearly as      B．as clear as               C．more clearly           D．clearer than

28．Sam jumped ________ Jim in yesterday’s sports meeting.

A．as high as         B．so highly as            C．as higher as             D．as highly as

29．—Is Kitty good at music?

—Yes, I think so. She can play the violin almost ________ her teacher.

A．as better as       B．as good as              C．as well as                D．so well as

30．Hurry up! You must finish the work as _______ as you can.

A．early          B．earlier          C．late          D．later

…………

参考答案

1．B

【详解】句意：——镇上最差的服装店是哪一个？——梦想服装店。它比其他任何一个商店都差。

考查形容词比较级。根据句意和空格后than可知这里是比较级，形容词比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词表示“比其他……都……”，因此填比较级worse。故选B。

2．C

【详解】句意：——你喜欢你的在线课程吗？——是的。但是我更喜欢传统的课堂而不是网络课堂。

考查比较级。good好的，形容词；well好，副词；better更好的，比较级；best最好的，最高级。根据“than”可知用比较级。

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