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2024-2025学年五年级上学期英语期末专项复习讲义
专题2 词汇
第一部分:重点词汇精讲
Unit 1重点词汇
1. in front of
[考点] in front of...在...(外部)前面 in the front of...在...(内部)前面 例如:He is in front of me. 他在我面前。 There is a black blackboard in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前面有一块黑色的黑板。 练习:杨玲非常害怕。在她前面有一只狗。 Yang Ling is very afraid.There is a dog_____________. 2. too cold 太凉了 [考点] too为副词,在本句中译为“太,过于”,用于形容词或副词前,起修饰作用 例如:The fox is too hungry.这只狐狸太饿了。 Bobby runs too fast.波比跑得大快了。 练习:看!灰姑娘的鞋子太旧了。 Look!Cinderella’s shoes are________ ________. 3. afraid害怕的 [考点] afraid为形容词“害怕的”。表示“害怕…” 用be afraid of,of后可接名词或代词,如果后面接的是人称代词,要用人称代词的宾格形式。 例如:Don’t be afraid of my pet dog.It doesn’t bite you. 不要怕我的宠物狗。它不咬你。 练习:( )The little boy is afraid________darkness(黑暗).He can’t stay alone in the dark room. A.about B.of C.with 4. What a .....!多么..........啊! [考点] what引导的感叹句,句型结构“What(+a/an) +形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)”。 拓展:how也可以引导感叹句,句型结构“How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!”。 例如:(1)What a clever child(he is)!(他是)多么聪明的一个孩子啊! (2)What cute cats(they are)!(它们是)多么可爱的猫啊! (3)What nice food(it is)!(它是)多么美味的食物啊! (4)How big the park is!多么大的公园啊! 练习:根据中文提示,完成句子。 多么胖的一只黑熊啊! ________ ________ ________ black bear! 5. just right just right译为“正合适,正好”。 例如:This red coat is too small,but that blue one is just right. 这件红色的外套太小了,但是那件蓝色的正合适。 练习:( )The coffee is________.You can drink it now. A.too hot B.too cold C.just right |
Unit 2重点词汇
1. on the second floor 在二楼
[考点] second为序数词,意为“第二”,其对应的基数词为two。 序数词用来表示顺序,前面一般要加定冠词the,即“the十序数词”,意为“第几”。 表示“在几楼”用“on the十序数词十floor” 例如:(1)The second girl is my sister.第二个女孩是我的妹妹。 (2)Our music room is on the third floor.我们的音乐室在三楼。 练习:选出句子中错误的一项,并在横线上改正。 ( )Who is first to get to the classroom? A B C 2. show....around “带…参观 [考点] show....around意为“带…参观”,show后可接名词或代词, 如果后面接的是人称代词,要用人称代词的宾格形式。 例如:-Can you show David around the small town? -He’s new here. -你能带戴维参观一下这个小镇吗?-他刚来这里。 练习:用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Some of my friends come to my house today.I’d like to show (they) around the new park nearby. |
Unit 3语调
1. one ..., the other ...一个…,另一个…
[考点] one ...the other ...意为“一个…,另一个…”,用来描述特定的两个人或物,后接同类的单词或短语。 例如:There are two apples in the basket. One is red and the other is green. 篮子里有两个苹果。一个是红色的,另一个是绿色的。 练习:( )I have two storybooks. One is new and is old. A. another B. others C. the other 2. no [考点] no用于名词前,表示否定意义。 l 当 no修饰的是可数名词单数时,“no+可数名词单数”相当于 not a(n); l 当 no修饰的是可数名词复数或不可数名词时,“no+可数名词复数或不可数名词”则相当于 not any。 例如:(1) There is no juice in the glass.=There isn’t any juice in the glass. (2) I have no brothers or sisters. 练习:按要求完成句子。 (1) They have no tails. They have no wings either.(合并为一句) They have ________tails________wings. (2) Mike has no money with him.(改为同义句) Mike ________ ________ ________ money with him. 3. can 能;会;可以 [考点] can 为情态动词,意为“能;会;可以”,它没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。 其否定形式是直接在 can 后加上 not,即 cannot,也可以缩写为 can’t。 例如:(1) The robot can give you the answer right now. (2) Henry and Harry can’t sleep. 练习:用所给单词的适当形式填空。 (1) The crow ________ (can) drink the water. He’s very worried. (2) Mum says Sam can ________ (eat) an ice cream today. 4. give给 [考点] give意为“给”,表示“给某人某物”用give sb sth,相当于give sth to sb 但当 sth为代词时,只能使用 give sth to sb 这一结构。 例如:—The boy is hungry, Dad. —You can give him a hamburger.=You can give a hamburger to him. 练习:按要求完成句子。 Can you give me a crayon?(改为同义句) Can you give ________ ________ ________ ________? |
Unit 4重点词汇
1. like 喜欢
[考点] like 意为“喜欢”,后接 doing sth,表示“(习惯性)喜欢做某事”。 例如:I like sitting on the swing. Paul likes watching basketball games. 练习:用所给单词的适当形式填空。 (1) I like ________ (sing) and________ (dance). (2) Tom ________ (like) ________ (play) with his model planes. 2. be good at擅长于 [考点] be good at意为“擅长于”,后接名词、代词或动名词,相当于do well in(后接名词、代词或动名词)。 例如:Mike is good at(playing) table tennis.=Mike does well in(playing) table tennis. 迈克擅长打乒乓球。 练习:用所给单词的适当形式填空。 (1) Tracy’s sister is very young, but she’s good at ________ (swim). (2) They’re painters. They can draw pictures ________ (good). 3. also 也 [考点] also 和 too 都译为“也”,区别: also一般用于肯定句/疑问句中,常位于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前; too一般用于肯定句中,但它通常位于句末,语气要比 also轻。 例如:My cousin likes playing volleyball. He also likes playing the violin. = He likes playing the violin too.我的表弟喜欢打排球。他也喜欢拉小提琴。 练习:选词填空。 ①John is ________ (also/too) 19 years old. Tom is 19 years old ________ (also/too). ②She can speak English. She can ________ (also/too) speak French. 4. talk about谈论 [考点] talk about 意为“谈论”,后接人或事物作宾语。 例如:—What are you talking about? 你们正在谈论什么? —We’re talking about our favourite subjects.我们正在谈论我们最喜欢的课程。 练习:( ) They often talk________ famous stars with each other after class. A. for B. with C. about 5. on the ice在冰上 [考点] on the ice 是指在冰的表面上 in the ice 是指在冰里面 练习:选词填空。 (1) There is a big hole________ (on/in) the ice. (2) The girl skates ________ (on/in) the ice in winter. |
Unit 5重点词汇
1. What about …?”“……怎么样?
[考点] 相当于“How about…?”,后可接名词、代词或动名词 【例句】(1) I’d like a cup of coffee. What about him? 我想要一杯咖啡。他呢? (2) It’s a nice day today. What about flying kites?今天天气不错。去放风筝怎么样? 【练习】用所给单词的适当形式填空。 —What about ________ (go) climbing tomorrow, Wang Bing? —Good idea. I can’t wait! 2. at home 在家 [考点] at home固定短语,意为“在家”,此时 home 前不加定冠词the。 类似的短语还有: at school, at sea(在海上;在海里), in class。 【例句】Do you have Computer Studies at school? 你在学校有电脑课吗? 【练习】水手们在海上迷失了方向。 The sailors are lost ________ ________. 3. help帮助 [考点] help 意为“帮助”,其具体用法如下: (1)“help+名词或人称代词的宾格形式”,意为“帮助……”。 (2) help sb(to) do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”。 (3) help sb with sth意为“在某方面帮助某人”。 【例句】(1)—Who can help him? 谁能帮助他? —His friends.他的朋友们。 (2) I help my mother(to) do the housework on Sundays. (3) The teacher often helps her with her lessons. 【练习】( ) Can you help me________my homework? A. doing B. for C. with 4. so如此,这么 [考点] so为程度副词,意为“如此,这么”,用于形容词或副词之前,起修饰作用。 so many意为“如此多的”,后接可数名词复数。 【拓展】so much也译为“如此多的”,但它后接不可数名词。 【例句】(1) There are so many trees on the hill.小山上有如此多的树。 (2) You shouldn’t spend so much time on it. 你不应该花如此多的时间在这件事上。 【练习】选词填空。 (1) There are ________ (so many/so much) forests around the mountain. (2) The pig has ________ (so many/so much) food at a time. |
Unit 6重点词汇
1. Wait a minute
[考点] wait a minute 意为“等一会儿”,相当于 wait a moment。 【例句】—Let’s go fishing, Mr Green. —Wait a minute. I’m looking for my fishing rod. 【练习】你能等一会儿吗?我有一些话要对安说。 Can you ________ ________ ________?I have something to say to Ann. 2. speak讲 [考点] speak Chinese 意为“说汉语”,表示说某种语言要用动词 speak。 拓展:表示“和某人讲话”用 speak to sb。speak 还可以作电话用语,意为“谈话;交谈”。 【例句】Su Hai can speak Japanese. May I speak to Mr White? 【练习】( ) My grandfather is good at ________ English. A. telling B. speaking C. saying 3. go fishing去钓鱼 [考点] go fishing 意为“去钓鱼”,go与表示活动、消遣等方面的动名词连用,表示从事某项消遣活动。 【例句】What about going shopping with us this weekend? Where can we go boating? 【练习】用所给单词的适当形式填空。 It’s crazy of you to go ________ (skate) on such thin ice. 4. by [考点] by用作介词,意为“在……旁边”。 【例句】There’s an old house by the forest. 森林旁边有一栋老房子。 【练习】过来坐在我旁边。咱们一起看这场比赛。 Come and ________ ________ ________. Let’s watch the game together. |
Unit 7重点词汇
1. play with 和……一起玩
[考点] play with 意为“和……一起玩”,后接名词或人称代词的宾格形式。 拓展:with 和 and 都有“和”的意思,但在用法上有所不同。with 为介词,后接名词或人称代词的宾格形式,且紧接其后的成分不能在句子中作主语。and 为连词,用来连接两个并列的成分。当它连接同一个句子中的两个主语时,后面的谓语动词要用复数形式。 【例句】I want to play with Bobby. He goes to the park with his family. =He and his family go to the park. 【练习】( ) My father________I usually watch TV at weekends, but sometimes we play_the dog. A. and; with B. with; and C. and; and 2. usually通常 [考点] usually频度副词,意为“通常”。 频度副词常用于 be 动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。 常见的频度副词还有always(总是,一直), often(经常,常常),sometimes(有时), seldom(不常;很少), never(从不;绝不), 它们按照频率高低排序为 always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>never。 【例句】Sometimes Yang Ling goes to the supermarket with her friends. 杨玲有时和她的朋友们一起去超市。 【练习】—他们总是在星期六下午做他们的家庭作业吗? —不。他们去看电影。 —Do they ________ ________ ________ ________ on Saturday afternoon? —No. They ________ ________ the ________. 3. a lot [考点] a lot 是口语中常用的一个短语,其主要用法有以下两点: (1)作名词短语,意为“很多”,此时后面可接动词不定式短语作后置定语。 (2)作副词短语,意为“很;非常”,用于动词、形容词等后,起修饰作用。 【拓展】a lot of 也有“很多”的意思,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 【例句】(1) Liu Tao gives her a lot to eat.刘涛给她很多吃的东西。 (2) Sometimes there’s very little snow here, but sometimes it snows a lot. (3) The king has a lot of money/palaces now. He’s very rich. 那位国王现在有很多钱/宫殿。他很富有。 【练习】单项选择。 ( ) It usually rains ________here in summer. A. lots of B. a lot C. lot of 4. come out出来 [考点] come out意为“出来”,其同义短语为 get out。 【例句】Sam, come out and have dinner with us. 山姆,出来和我们一起吃晚饭。 The mouse can’t get out of the bag because it eats a lot of rice. 【练习】—请等一会儿。我十分钟内就出来。 —好的。 —Please________ a ________. I’ll________ ________ in ten minutes. —OK. |
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参考答案
一、1.are 2.is 3.her 4.any 5.desks 6.their 7.are 8.are
9.Do; have 10.pandas 11.Its 12.are; fish 13.feet 14.have 15.talk
16.does 17.dancing; dance; dancing 18.doesn’t like 19.hobbies; are
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不错
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