专题11 阅读提分法精讲-2024-2025学年五年级上学期英语期末专项复习讲义（译林版三起）

本资料来自专辑：

2024-2025学年五年级上学期英语期末专项复习讲义

专题11 阅读提分法精讲

第一部分：阅读提分法

第一招 “三步法”解细节理解题

Ⅰ． 题型解读

“细节理解题”是指原文中提到了某信息，题干针对原文中的相关信息进行设题，此类题主要考查学生对阅读内容的理解及分析能力。

“细节理解题”可分为直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题的题干是直接针对原文具体叙述本身进行设题，问题的答案一般在原文中能直接找到；间接细节理解题一般不能直接在原文中找到问题的答案，而是需要借助同义词转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息（单词、词组或者一个、几个句子）进行适当变化，最后找到问题的答案。

细节理解题的命题形式一般有以下几种:

1． 用what/where/when/who/which/why/how 等提问的题型。[

2． 是非判断题。即根据原文判断某种说法或句子的正误。

3． 根据原文中的某一个信息或某一句的内容设题，题干一般以挖空的形式呈现，做题方式包括选择或填空。

Ⅱ． 方法指导

细节理解题可用“三步法”解题，即通过画、找、定三个步骤找到问题的答案。

第一步：画。在题干中画出关键词。即主要画出题干中的主语及相关的活动、时间或地点位置

等关键词。

第二步：找。回原文中找到与题干中关键词对应的句子。直接细节理解题一般根据题干中的关

键词可在原文中找到相应的句子，间接细节理解题可通过题干中关键词的同义词转换、概念解析、事实归纳等方法在原文中找到对应的句子。

第三步：定。根据原文中对应的句子确定问题的答案。

典例1:

Sam, Amy and Lingling went to the park last Sunday． They went there by bus． They met Lulu in

the park． Lulu is Lingling’s friend． Lulu lives near the park． They played games in the park． Then they saw a noodle shop． They were hungry and had noodles． They finished their noodles and walked home． They had a happy day．

根据短文内容，选择正确的选项。

(    ) Where did Sam, Amy and Lingling go last Sunday?

A． They went to school．    B．They went to the park．    C． They went to Lulu’s home．

解题技巧：

第一步画出题干中的关键词。此题题干是一个特殊疑问句，首先画出问句中的主语Sam, Amy and Lingling及关键的活动时间last Sunday (上周日）。

第二步根据题干中的关键词回到原文中寻找相对应的句子，即“Sam, Amy and Lingling went to the park last Sunday．”。

第三步将所给选项与原文中的相关句子一一对比，可以确定此题答案选B。

提练1：Longlong and his parents went to Shanghai last summer． They went there by train． On the first day, they went to the science museum by bus． On the second day, he went to the beach with his father． There were lots of people on the beach． He played volleyball． And he went swimming in the sea． On the third day, he visited his uncle． They had a big dinner in a big restaurant． He likes the food very much． Then they went back home by plane． He had a good time．

根据短文内容，选择正确的选项。

(    ) 1．Where did Longlong go last summer?

A． He went to Beijing．        B． He went to Shanghai．       C． He stayed at home．

(    ) 2．How did they go to the science museum?

A． They went there by train．                 B． They went there by bus．

C． They went there by plane．

(    ) 3． What did Longlong do on the second day?

A．He played volleyball．                    B． He went swimming in the sea．

C． Both A and B．

典例2:

It was Sunday yesterday． The Whites (怀特一家人) went shopping． Mum bought green T-shirt for Sam and a red T-shirt for Amy． Dad bought a white shirt for himself． He also bought a blue dress for Mum． Everyone was so happy．

根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)误(F)。

(    ) The green T-shirt is Mum’s．

解题技巧：

第一步画出题干中的关键词。首先画出陈述句中提到的关键物品green T-shirt，再画出关键的物品归属人Mum。

第二步根据题干中的关键词回到原文中寻找相对应的句子，即“Mum bought a green T-shirt

for Sam and a red T-shirt for Amy．”和“He also bought a blue dress for Mum．”。

第三步将所给选项与原文中的相关句子一一对比，可以确定此题答案填F。

第二招 “代入翻译法”解词义猜测题

Ⅰ． 题型解读

“词义猜测题”是指通过阅读短文,并结合上下文猜测某一个单词或词组的词义的题型，此类题的题干中一般有标志词means (意思是)，meaning (意思，意义)等。

Ⅱ． 方法指导

“代入翻译法”就是将所给选项一一代入到原文中进行翻译，最后选出能串联上下文意思的词义的方法。

典例1

A: It’s Friday today． What do you often do on the weekend?

B: I often watch TV and then I eat lots of food．

A: When do you get up on Saturday?

B: I get up at 10:00 a．m． Sometimes I don’t eat breakfast．

A: I get up at 7:00 a．m． And I eat breakfast． Then I do morning exercises．

B: I don’t do morning exercises． What do you do in the afternoon?

A: I do my homework．

B: Can I copy your homework?

A: No, you can’t． That’s not right． But I can help you． And we can go swimming on Sunday．

B: Thank you． Let’s go tomorrow．

(    ) In this dialogue, “copy” means ________．

A．欣赏                    B．抄袭                C．禁止

解题技巧：

第一步翻译copy在原文中的所在句“Can I copy your homework? 我可以________你的作

业吗?”然后结合上下句，“I do my homework．”意为“我做我的作业”。“No, you can’t． That’s not right． But I can help you．”意为“不，你不能。那样做是不正确的。但是我可以帮助你”

第二步将题目中所给的三个选项一一代入到原文中翻译。

第三步通过排除法可以判断“抄“”是最符合串联前后句意思的词义，因此此题选B。

提分练2：

Ted and Tim are brothers． They are twins, but they are very different． Ted is a very good boy． He works hard at school． Every day after school he does his homework． He helps his mother． He plays football with his father． Tim doesn’t like school． He doesn’t work hard． He is bored in class and he draws pictures． He doesn’t do his homework． He doesn’t help his mother．

(    )In this passage, “different” means ________．

A．相同的                 B．奇怪的               C．不同的

第三招 “代入翻译法”解词义猜测题

Ⅰ． 题型解读

“最佳标题题”是指给短文洗择一个最能体现其阅读主题的标题的题型，此类题的题干中一般有标志词best title (最好的标题)。

Ⅱ． 方法指导

“首尾寻找法”即首先画出原文的开头句和结尾句，然后将题目中所给的选项一一与开头句和结尾句对比，找到最符合原文标题的选项的方法。

典例1

There is a new park near my house． It’s a fine day today． My family and I are in the park now． On my left, there is a cafe (咖啡馆)． On my right, there is a big lake． There are many flowers and trees near the lake． There’s a small hill behind the lake． Near the lake, there is a sign that says “Don’t swim in the lake!” There is a garden in the middle of the park． There are some shops near the gate． They are not big． The park is so beautiful． We like it very much．

(    ) The best title should be ________．

A． A cafe                B．A beautiful lake           C． A good park

解题技巧：

第一步画出短文中的开头句和结尾句，即“There is a new park near my house．”和“We like

it very much．”。

第二步将所给选项与首尾句一一对比，可以确定这篇短文的最佳标题为A good park，所以此题选C。

提分练3：

Last week, Mary went to Beijing by train with her parents． She visited the Great Wall． How long it is! Then she went to the Summer Palace． And she saw a beautiful lake． There were some boats on the lake and some fish in the lake． They also went to Tian’anmen Square． Her parents told her there were many beautiful places in Beijing． She had a wonderful trip in Beijing! She thought she would visit Beijing again． She loves Beijing．

(    ) The best title should be _______．

A．The Summer Palace       B． A trip to Beijing       C． The Great Wall

答案:

提分练1：1．B   2．B   3．C

提分练2：C

提分练3：B

第二部分：阅读短文精练

一、阅读短文，选择正确的答案。

I’m Linda． I’m from Australia． I have a sweet family． It is not very big． We live together with my grandmother． She is a farmer． She grows lots of grapes． She likes grapes very much． My parents are workers． They make many nice toys for children． I have a little brother John． We study in the same school． We live in an old house． There is a beautiful park near our house． We usually take a walk in the park after dinner．

(    )1． How many people are there in Linda’s family?

A． Four．                                B． Five．                              C． Three．

(    )2． What does Linda’s father do?

A． He’s a farmer．                  B． He’s a driver．                 C． He’s a worker．

(    )3． What does Linda’s grandmother grow?

A． She grows carrots．            B． She grows pears．           C． She grows grapes．

(    )4． Does Linda have a brother?

A． Yes, she does．                  B． No, she doesn’t．             C． We don’t know．

(    )5． What do Linda’s family usually do after dinner?

A． They watch TV．               B． They take a walk in the park．              C． They make nice toys．

二、阅读短文，选择正确的答案。

My neighbours

(    )1． Mr Green likes his job because          ．

A． he meets many stars                   B． he gets much money               C． he can go to many places

(    )2． Alice          , so her students like her．

A． often travels with her students by train                                B． often talks with her students

C． is kind and helpful

(    )3． There are          people in Joe’s family．

A．3                                                  B． 4                                      C．5

(    )4． Which is NOT true?

A． Cathy helps mothers and their new babies．          B． Mr Green likes playing games with children．

C． There are thirty-three students in Alice’s class．

三、阅读短文，选择正确的答案。

This year, we have a new English teacher． He is Mr Brown． He comes from Australia, but now he lives in Wuxi． Mr Brown is not very tall． He has dark brown hair and small blue eyes． He wears glasses and they make him look clever．

Mr Brown works very hard． In class, he has many good ideas to make the class very interesting． We all like his class． After class, he always encourages us to speak English． Sometimes he plays games with us． Mr Brown is very strong(强壮的) and he is good at sports． He can play basketball and football very well．

Mr Brown loves living in China very much． He enjoys lots of things in China． He loves eating Chinese food． He also loves travelling in China．

根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。

(    )1． Where is Mr Brown from?

A． America．                          B． Australia．                       C． Canada．

(    )2． We cannot use“_______”to describe(描述) Mr Brown．

A． hard-working                      B． strong                        C． tall

(    )3． How many ball games is Mr Brown good at?

A． One．                                 B． Three．                            C． Two．

(    )4． The underlined word“encourages”means“_______”in Chinese．

A．阻止                              B． 鼓励                          C． 逼迫

(    )5． Which of the following sentences about Mr Brown is NOT true?

A． He is a very good English teacher．                                    B． He loves Chinese food．

C． He has big blue eyes．

…………

参考答案

一、1． B 解析:通读全文可知, Linda家一共有五口人，分别是她的(外)祖母、爸爸、妈妈、弟弟和她自己。故选B。

2． C 解析:根据“My parents are workers．”可知， Linda的爸爸是一名工人。故选C。

3． C解析:根据“She grows lots of grapes．”可知， Linda的(外)祖母种了很多葡萄。故选C。

4． A 解析:根据“I have a little brother John．”可知, Linda有一个弟弟。故选A。

5． B 解析:根据“We usually take a walk in the park after dinner．”可知, Linda一家通常在晚饭后去公园散步。故选B。

…………