第6讲 情态动词can may must的用法-2024年暑假五升六英语上册预习培优讲义（译林版）

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2024年暑假五升六英语预习培优讲义

第6讲 情态动词can may must的用法

情态动词的定义：

情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。

情态动词的种类：

情态动词                           词义                           否定形式                           词义

can                                     能够，会                    can’t                                  不能，不会  

could                                  能够，会                    couldn’t                       不能，不会

may                                   可以                           ／                                      ／

must                                   必须                           mustn’t                              不允许，不能

shall                                   将，要                        ／                                      ／

should                                应该                           shouldn’t                            不应该

need                                   需要                           needn’t                        不必

would                                 将会，愿                    wouldn’t                             不会，不愿

一、can 基本用法

1．表示能力,意为“能、会”。  Can Han Mei speak English?   Can Lisa play the piano?

2．表示请求或许可。        Can you help me?

3．表示推测可能(肯定句中“可能”，否定句中“不可能”)

He can be at home now．            The moon can’t always be full.

二、may 基本用法

1．表示“请求”    

   May I come in?

2．表示推测时，常用在肯定句中，会有“I‘m not sure”作为提示     

   He may be a teacher．I’m not sure.

3．以may开头的疑问句，其否定回答要用can’t/mustn’t .

     May I go home now? No, you can’t/ mustn’t.

三、must 基本用法

1．表示“必须”、“一定要”      You must see the doctor.

2．表示推测, 意为“肯定”、“一定是”（只用在肯定句中）   She must be a teacher.

3．否定句中mustn’t表示 “禁止” “不允许”    You mustn’t smoke here.

4．以must开头的疑问句，其否定回答要用needn’t/don’t have to.

     Must I clean the room? No, you needn’t/ don’t have to.

四、can / may /must 表示推测的用法

1．can 肯定句中，翻译为“可能”，否定句中“不可能”；

2．may 肯定句中，翻译为 “可能”， 否定句中，翻译为 “可能不”；

3．must 肯定句中“一定是”

记忆口诀： 一肯(must)，一否(can’t)，二不定(can / may)

情态动词专项练习

1．The children ______ play football on the road．

A．needn’t                 B．can               C．mustn’t     D．must

2．—Must I do my homework at once?                            —No, you ______． 

A．needn’t           B．mustn’t     C．can’t        D．may not

3．There’s no light on．They ______ be at home． 

A．can’t                      B．mustn’t     C．needn’t      D．shouldn’t

4．—Must we finish all these articles tonight?                  — No, you __________．

A．mustn’t                  B．haven’t                   C．not have to                            D．don’t have to

5．How dirty the tables are! They need ________．

A．to clean     B．clean       C．cleaning          D．cleaned[

6．The children ____ play football on the road．

A．can’t               B．can           C．mustn’t            D．must

7．— You ___ park here！ Look at the sign, it says “”No parking.

     — Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now．

A．won’t        B．needn’t             C．mustn’t            D．couldn’t

8．We ____ pay to get into the concert．It’s free．

A．can’t         B．mustn’t     C．might not  D．don’t have to

9．— Look, someone left a book.

   — Oh, yeah ..．This book _____ be Kitty’s．Only she likes to read this kind of books．

A．can          B．must         C．may         D．might

10．He isn’t at school．I think he ____ be ill．

1. can B．shall C．must         D．has to

11．You’d better _____ late next time．

A．not to be   B．not be              C．won’t be           D．don’t

12．— Must I return the book tomorrow?

     — No, you ______．You can keep it longer．

A．may not    B．can’t         C．needn’t           D．mustn’t

13．— I have oined the health club．How long do you think it will take me to lose ten pounds?

     — In fact, I think you ____ lose weight step by step．

A．had better    B．would rather     C．prefer to      D．even

14．— Sally still hasn’t found her cat.

     — I’m sorry to hear that．She ____ be very sad．

A．need                B．should                C．must            D．can

15．— He drives people to places．He’s got a taxi.

    — He _____ be a doctor．He _____ be a driver．

A．can’t; can             B．must; can’t              C．can’t; must                D．mustn’t; must

16．We ____ pay to get into the concert．It’s free．

A．can’t         B．mustn’t            C．might not         D．needn’t

17．— Excuse me,, may I keep the book a little longer?

    — Sorry, you ________ return it today．

A．must        B．mustn’t            C．can           D．can’t

二、用适当的情态动词填空

1．Must I borrow the book with my ID card?   No, you ________．

2．________ I use your car?   Yes, you ________．

3．________ I go home now?  No, you _________ stay here．

4．My mother is ill．I _________ stay at home and look after her．

5．________ you like some tea?

6．You ________ take more exercise．

7．________ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?

8．The clock ________ tell us the time．

9．________ you like to go fishing with me?

10．________ we play football this afternoon?

11．Must I stand up?   No, you ________．

12．________ I speak  something?   Yes, you ________．

13．________ I leave the park now?  No, you _________ stay here．

14．My grandmother is ill．I _________ stay at home and look after her．

15．________ you like some juice?

16．They ________ take more exercise．

17．________ you tell me the way to the museum?

18．The watch ________ tell us the right time．

19．________ you like to go boating with us?

20．________ we play chess next weekend?

三、按要求改写句子。

1．I can run fast．(否定句)

I ________ ________ fast．

2．You must return the book now.（一般疑问句）   

________ I the book now? No, you ________．

3．He can play basketball well．（一般疑问句）   

_______ he ______ basketball well?

4．They must take the books out of the room．（否定句）   

They ________ ________ the books out of the room．

5．He should get up early．  (否定句)    

He _______ get up late.

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参考答案

情态动词专项练习答案

1-5、CAADC       6-10、CCDBC     11-15、BCACC     16-17、DA

二、用适当的情态动词填空

1．needn’t / don’t have to     2．Can/ Could/ May; can/ may     3．Can; must

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