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2024-2025学年七年级英语下册单元知识点
Unit2《Neighbourhood》
Close neighbours are better than distant relatives. (P18)远亲不如近邻。
Welcome to the unit—My neighbourhood(P19)
1.be ready to help others. 准备好帮助他人
2.live above us. 住在我们楼上above prep.在(或向).上面adv.在(向) 上面(侧上方) on(两物相互接触的上方)//over(正上方)
反义词:below adv.在(或到) 下面prep.在(或到).下面(侧下方)//under(正下方)
3.He helps us learn about laws at the community centre from time to time. 他不时在社区中心帮助我们了解法律知识。
law n.法律,法规;规则obey the law遵守法律//break the law违反法律lawyer n.律师
community n.社区 pl. communities
from time to time偶尔,不时 =sometimes//at times
Reading—Good neighbours(P20-22)
1.What are your neighbours like? (P20) 你的邻居怎么样?= How do your neighbours look?= What do your neighbours look like? neighbour n. (AmE neighbor) 邻居
2.Some of them are volunteers. (P20) 他们中的一些人是志愿者。//—I’m going to volunteer at the Children’s Centre. (P24)我要在儿童中心做志愿工作。// I’ll volunteer to help too. (P27)我也自愿帮忙。
volunteer n.志愿者 -eer表示“与…有关的人”、“从事…的人”;表示“与…有关”、“从事” 如:engineer n.工程师pioneer n. 先锋, 开拓者
vi. & vt.自愿做,义务做, 无偿做 如:Amy volunteers to help the old do some cleaning.
3.They help us with all kinds of problems. (P20) 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。//
Can anyone there help kids with their homework? (P20) 那里有人能辅导孩子们做作业吗?
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事// all kinds of…各种各样的……// anyone pron. (= anybody) 用于一般疑问句和否定句时译为 “有人”,用于肯定句时译为“任何人”。
4.They have a “helping hands” meeting at the weekend. (P20) 他们周末有一个“援助之手”会议。
have a meeting 开会 “helping hands”援助之手 如:have a parents’ meeting 开家长会
washing machine//shopping list//sleeping bag//living room//swimming pool…
5.Are you going to ask for help this weekend? (P20)这个周末你会找人帮忙吗?//
I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it. (P20) 我要请电脑工程师检查一下。//
Simon wants to ask someone to fix his bicycle this weekend. (P21)
西蒙这个周末想找人修他的自行车。
be going to用来谈论即将发生的事情。如:What are you going to do this Sunday?
ask for help寻求帮助;求助;请求帮助。She is always asking for money.她老是要钱。
ask sb. (not) to do sth. He asked to stay with us.// She asked me (not) to post the letters.
6.There’s something wrong with my laptop. (page 20, lines 10-11) 我的笔记本电脑出故障了。
句型 there is something wrong with相当于something is wrong with,意思是“……不正常”。若想表达“……没问题”,可以用there is nothing wrong with。如:
There is something wrong with my camera.我的相机出了故障。
= Something is wrong with my camera.= My laptop is broken.
There is nothing wrong with this idea.这个想法没有问题。
= Nothing is wrong with this idea.
7. My sister Annie’s bicycle is broken, so she’s going to have someone repair it. (P20)
我姐姐安妮的自行车坏了,所以她要请人来修。
=There’s something wrong with my sister Annie’s bicycle.
=Something is wrong with my sister Annie’s bicycle.
be going to用来谈论即将发生的事情。
have someone do sth. 让某人做某事;叫某人做某事;如: I’ll have you know. 我会让你知道的。
拓展:have sb. do//have sb. /sth. to do// have sb. done sth. // have sb. doing sth.
1).have sb. do sth.意思是“让某人做……”,强调一次性的动作。其中的have为使役动词,意思是“使,让”,do是不带to的不定式,作宾语补足语。表示这件事情还没有发生,即将去做,但是还没有做。如:
His mother has him stay at home on school nights.他妈妈让他在上学日的晚上呆在家里。
2).have sb./sth. to do sth.意思是“有……要做”,其中的have为行为动词,意思是“有”,to do是充当后置定语,修饰sb.或sth。如:
I have much homework to do this summer vacation.今年暑假,我有很多作业要做
As a reporter, he has many people to talk with every day. 作为一名记者,他每天都要和很多人交流。
3).have sb. done sth.意思是『让某人完成某事』表示某人已经做完某件事情,强调的是动作已经完成。重点在于结果,强调动作的完成状态。它的基本结构是”have + 宾语(某事)+ 过去分词(done)”。如:
I had my car fixed.我让我的车被修好了。
She had the leaky faucet fixed.她让漏水的水龙头被修好了。
I have had my car serviced.我已经让我的车保养过了。
4).have sb. doing sth. 是指让某人一直做某事,强调动作的持续性、连续性或者动作的反复性。
表示某人正在做某件事情,强调的是动作正在进行。如:
I have my assistant preparing the presentation for tomorrow’s meeting.我让我的助手正在准备明天会议的演示文稿。
repair/fix/mend
1).repair:“修理”的对象着重于破损、毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。例如:
When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.当我到家的时候,哥哥正在修理收音机。
2).fix:用于需要重新“调”物体的结构,把松散的部件固定结实,将分离的物体各部分装配起来。例如:Please fix a lid on the box.请给这盒子装上盖子。
3).mend:“修理”的对象是一些琐碎的物品.如粘贴的小用具、玩具,要缝补的衣物等。例如:
My kite is broken. Can you mend it? 我的风筝坏了,你能修吗?
8.Some college students are willing to help. (P20) 一些大学生愿意帮忙。// College students help the children do sport at the community centre.大学生在社区中心帮助孩子们做运动。
college n. 学院;<美>大学 go to college 上大学
be willing to do sth乐意做某事 Amy is willing to help Daniel with his English.
help sb. (to) do sth. do sport做运动
9.Do the old people get any help as well?(page20, lines 19-20) 老人也会得到帮助吗?//
Volunteers also help the old people.志愿者也帮助老年人。
any用于一般疑问句和否定句。如:Amy doesn’t have any friends.
短语 as well 意思是“也, 还, 除……之外”。如:
Simon will go to the library tomorrow as well.西蒙明天也将去图书馆。
拓展:as well/too/also/either
1). as well常用于肯定句中,总是放在句末,但是前面不用“,”。如:
For breakfast, she has bread and milk, and I have them as well.早餐,他吃了面包和牛奶,我也是。
as well可以放在句中,表示“也好,也行,倒不如”,表示缓和语气。
The rain was so strong that we might (just) as well have stayed at home.雨下得这么大,我们还不如呆在家里的好。
“as well”可以跟“just”连用,表示“幸亏、无妨、没关系”。如:
— We were too late to see the film.我们去得太晚了,没有看上电影。
— It’s just as well. I hear it isn’t very good.没关系。我听说它也不是很好看。
此时,“It’s just as well”可以省略为“Just as well”,直接用就可以了。
as well as用于列举一系列事物时,表示“还有..以及.…” 如:
He is good at playing soccer as well as basketball.
2).too常放在肯定句句末,前也必须有“,”把它和前面的句子分开。如:
My father can draw pictures well, me too.我爸爸画的画好,我也是。
“too”可以紧跟在主语后面,表示强调。但其前后要用逗号隔开。as well没有这个用法,不能前置表强调。如:I, too, know where he’s going.我也知道他去哪里。
在Me too, You too这类简略答语中,通常不用 as well或also。如:
A:I’m tired.我累了。 B:Me too.我也是。
3). also 一般放在肯定句中,位置是在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前,有时为了强调,也可以放在句首。如:
He is also a good and healthy boy.他也是一个既善良又健康的男孩。
Also, you must come to my home, of course.当然,你也必须来我家。
4).either常用于否定句和疑问句中,前必须有“,”,把它和前面的内容分开。如:
Why don’t you play tennis with your sister, either?为什么你也不和你的姐姐打网球呢?
需要注意的是,当两个句子组成的并列句时:
★前面肯定,后面否定的话,后面要用“too”或者“also”。
He came, but his wife didn’t also came.他来,但是他的妻子没有一起来。
She likes dancing, but does not like singing too.她喜欢跳舞,但不喜欢唱歌。
★前面否定,后面也否定时,后面用“either”。
She doesn’t like dancing, and doesn’t like singing, either.
比较:
He didn’t buy a computer, and she didn’t either.他没买电脑,她也没买。
He bought a computer, but she didn’t too.他买了台电脑,但她没有也买台电脑。
10.The volunteers often visit the old people and do some shopping for them. (page20,lines 21-22)
志愿者经常去探望老人,并为他们采购些物品。
短语 do some shopping 意思是“买东西,购物”。短语结构“do+ some/the + verb- ing”常用来泛指做某类事情。类似的短语还有:
do some/the cleaning打扫卫生do some/the reading 读书
11.This weekend, they’ll help the old people tidy their flats. (P20) 这个周末,他们将帮助老人整理他们的公寓。
they’ll= they will; 用will来谈论即将发生的事情。如:
I will arrive early for the meeting tomorrow.明天的会议我会早到的。
tidy vt.& vi.使整洁,整理 tidy up整理;收拾tidy it/them up 如:
You need to tidy up your bed.你要把你的床整理一下。
Be sure to tidy it up before going out.出去之前一定要把它收拾一下。
12.You’re lucky to live in such a nice neighbourhood, Simon. (P20) 你很幸运住在这么好的社区里。= It’s lucky of you to live in such a nice neighbourhood, Simon.
such det. & pron.如此;这样的 She is such a clever girl.= She is so clever a girl.
拓展:such/so
1).当修饰单数可数名词时,单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时,so和such的位置不同。
so+形容词+a/an+名词= such+ a/an+形容词+名词。如:
She is so clever a girl.=She is such a clever girl.她真是个聪明的孩子。
I have no such book.=I don’t have such a book.= I haven’t such a book.
2).当修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时一般只能用such。如:
such beautiful flowers//such delicious orange juice
3).当复数名词或集合名词之前有few,many;不可数名词之前有little,much修饰时,用so,如: so many people // so few days//so much money // so little time等。
注意:上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两句:
I have met many such people in my life.
I didn’t expect to meet so many people there.
上述两句中都有many,但却分别用了such和so,其位置不同,因此含义也不同。在①中,many和such同时修饰后面的名词;而②句中的so修饰的则是many。
13.One of the volunteers is a computer engineer. (P21)其中一个志愿者是一位电脑工程师。
one of +可数名词复数或人称代词宾格,表示“……中的一个”;one of短语做主语,谓语动词用单数。如:One of us is from Nanjing. One of my friends likes collecting stamps.
14.Do you have any free time? (P22) 你有空吗?free time空闲时间
15.Are you willing to help others? (P22) 你愿意帮助别人吗?
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