突破10 时态-2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破及练习（通用版）

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2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破

突破10 时态

【知识突破】

1、be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：

注意：句型变化时,

否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t (am后面not不可以缩写)；

疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。

2、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表：

3、八种时态的具体用法：

（1）一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。

①　一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等),     once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year．(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening．(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)

②　表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun．(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound．(光传播比声音快)

③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning．(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)

④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany．(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home．(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)

⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus． (车来了) / There goes the bell．(铃响了)。

⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it．

⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see． 如：I think it is going to snow．(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here．(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)

（2）一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常

发生。

①　表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning．(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning．(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father．(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)

②　表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000．(他2000年来到我们市)

③　表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young． / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him．

④　讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street．(我正好在街上遇到露西)

（3）一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。

①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,     

someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。

②　用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”

用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon．(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave．(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)

③　“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby．(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon．(天快要下雨了)

④　表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some

chemicals(化学药剂)． So please wait until I return．(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)

⑤　现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)

⑥　shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？)

⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy．　

(4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。

①  现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。

②  现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days．(我最近在写一本长篇小说)

③  表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now．(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon．(他就要走了)

④  表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later．(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)

(5)过去进行时  过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。

①  过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。

②  过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday．(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her．(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)

③  用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She was it happen when she was walking past．(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest．(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)

④  也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here．(他住在这里时老向我借钱)

(6)现在完成时  现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。

①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。

②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before． (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England．(他刚去英国)

③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years．(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened．(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)

④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library．(他们图书馆有上万本书)

⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：–Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK．(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)/ –Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times． (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。)

⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：

或者使用下面这个句型：

  [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)

(7) 过去完成时  过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。

①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。

②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came．(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat．(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)

③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness．(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before．(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)

(8) 过去将来时  过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。

②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day)．

③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project．(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books．(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)

④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month．(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog．(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)

⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him．(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)

(9)现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是：“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours．(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久？)

【能力突破】

1． It’s reported that the students in some schools of our city ________ a PE class every day．

A． takes                    B． take                     C． took                     D． are taking

2． Kate doesn’t ________ pears．

A． has                       B． like                      C． eats                      D． likes

3． Kate ________ now; the others ________．

A． sing; listen            B． is singing; is listening                               C． sing; are listening    D． is singing; are listening

4． There’s going to _____________ a football match next week．

A． have                     B． be                        C． has                       D． do

5． Li Lei ________ the school bus last Friday．

A． misses                  B． missed                  C． was missing          D． has missed

6． My mother ________ my sister and me to the museum ________ a month．

A． brings; two           B． takes; twice           C． brings; two times   D． takes; second

7． Scott ________ a shower after breakfast．

A． have                     B． take                     C． takes                    D． bring

8． Look at the cute cats in the picture． They ________ with a toy mouse．

A． are playing           B． play                     C． will play               D． have played

9． Be quiet! Dad ________ an online meeting now．

A． has                       B． is having              C． will have              D． has had

10． My father _________ ill yesterday．

A． isn’t                     B． aren’t                   C． wasn’t                  D． weren’t

11． —Peter, what are you doing?

—Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes．

A． will write             B． am writing            C． wrote                   D． write

12． —I’m getting hungry． Do you know where we can get some good food?

—Of course! There ________ a restaurant around the corner．

A． will be                             B． was                                 C． is

13． By the end of last term, they ________ over 2,000 English words．

A． learned                 B． has learned           C． had learned           D． learn

14． I _______ a museum with my friends at this time yesterday．

A． am visiting                       B． was visiting                      C． visit

15． ——Could I speak to the headmaster?

——I’m afraid not． He ______ a talk to the students．

A． gave                     B． is giving               C． was giving            D． gives

16． Tom ________ his room every day, so his room is very ________．

A． clean; clean           B． cleans; cleans        C． clean; cleans          D． cleans; clean

17． Tomorrow is Saturday, we ________ my grandparents．

A． visit                     B． are going to visit   C． will visits              D． are visiting

18． Tim ______ a detective story written by Arthur Conan Doyle this time yesterday．

A． read                     B． reads                    C． was reading           D． is reading

19． He _______ chess now． He _______ chess every weekend．

A． is playing; plays    B． is playing; play     C． plays; plays           D． plays; is playing

20． Be quiet． The baby ________ now．

A． is sleeping            B． sleeps                   C． slept                     D． sleep

21． Zhao Lin ________ to Beijing by train often． He usually goes by subway．

A． doesn’t go            B． isn’t going            C． not goes                D． don’t go

22． There ______ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning．

A． will have              B． is going to be        C． have                     D． is going to have

23． —I didn’t see you at the party yesterday．

—I ________ a DIY course．

A． took                     B． take                     C． am taking             D． was taking

24． —Dad, where’s Mom?

—She ________ in her room．

A． works                   B． work                    C． is working            D． working

25． —Could I _______ your bike?

—Sorry, I ________ it to Jim yesterday．

A． borrow; lent                     B． lend; borrowed                 C． borrow; lend

26． —May I speak to Jane?

—Sorry, She isn’t in now． I will tell her as soon as she ________ back．

A． come                    B． comes                  C． coming                 D． came

27． —Listen! Who _____ in the music room?

—It must be Jane． She usually ________ at this time every day．

A． sings; sings                       B． is singing; sings                C． is singing; is singing

28． Robert moved into a new house． He ________ it by having a housewarming party next Friday．

A． celebrates             B． celebrated             C． is celebrating         D． is going to celebrate

29． —What does he ________?

—He has short straight hair．

A． looks like                         B． like                                 C． look like

30． Hurry up! The film ________ for half an hour．

A． has begun             B． began                   C． has started             D． has been on

31． Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics（残奥会）started, Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon ________ popular．

A． became                            B． has been                           C． have been

32． She said she______ to Shanghai Disneyland twice

A． has gone                          B． had been                          C． had gone

33． —Mike, where is your dad?

— He ________ the car in the yard．

A． washes                 B． washed                 C． is washing             D． was washing

34． Each of the students ________ a nice gift from our teacher on Children’s Day every year．

A． got                       B． gets                      C． is getting              D． are getting

35． Turn off the tap． The pot ________ water．

A． was full of            B． is full of               C． was filled with      D． is filled of

36． Your father________the shops． Do you want him to get anything for you?

A． go to                    B． went to                 C． is going to            D． goes to

37． —Do you know _______ to our school?

—Next week．

A． when does Mr． Brown come

B． when Mr． Brown will come

C． when Mr． Brown comes

D． when will Mr． Brown come

38． —I know Lily is your best friend． Do you see much of each other now?

—No． She ________ in New York for ten years, but now she lives in Los Angeles．

A． lives                     B． has lived               C． lived                    D． is living

39． — Where is Sara?

— She ________ the bus stop to welcome her friends．

A． waits for               B． waits at                C． is waiting at          D． is waiting for

40． Shh, don’t _________ the bell． The baby is sleeping．

A． paint                    B． wake                    C． rain                      D． ring

41． Jenny________ home slowly and carefully when I met her on my way to the art museum．

A． will cycle                         B． is cycling                         C． was cycling

42． I need one more stamp before my collection ________．

A． has completed       B． completes             C． has been completed D． is completed

43． What a good time they had ________ in the party singing and dancing!

A． taken                    B． spent                    C． spending               D． taking

44． Mr． Zhang, our English teacher, ________ a father to us． All the students in our class ________ him．

A． likes; are like        B． is like; like           C． likes; like              D． is like; are like

45． —Many people have been back to their work ________ March 5, 2020．

—Cities are brought back to life．

A． for                       B． in                        C． since                    D． on

46． There used to ________ a lot of kids ________ in the garden, but now it becomes very quiet．

A． be; playing                                              B． have; playing

C． be; play                                                   D． be; were playing

47． I ________ shy． Doing projects with others has helped me become outgoing．

A． was used to be       B． was used to being  C． used to be             D． used to

48． —Susan, do you know if your mother _________ back tomorrow?

—Sorry, I don’t know． As soon as she _________ home, I will tell her to call you．

A． comes, gets           B． will come , got      C． will come, will get D． will come, gets

49． Students in Grade Eight ________ a math exam at this time yesterday．

A． take                     B． took                     C． are taking             D． were taking

50． Which of the following is true?

A． Then I travelled a long way and ran into Huangpu River．

B． When you’ve finished me, I’ll go to a sewage plant．

C． It is hard for me to find a work in that works．

D． What do you mean by saying “liquid gold”?

51． Susan usually ________ a bus to school every day．

A． has taken              B． took                     C． takes                    D． will take

52． —________ they have any baseballs?

—Yes, they ________．

A． Are; are                B． Do; do                 C． Can; do                D． Do; can

53． The big changes in the city also ________ us some ________．

A． has brought; question                               B． have brought; problem

C． has brought; questions                              D． have brought; problems

54． Our hometown ________ a lot, and it is becoming more beautiful now．

A． will change           B． changed                C． was changing        D． has changed

55． —How long have you been a teacher?

—________ 2006．

A． Since                   B． For                      C． In                        D． After

56． — Helen, we        your report． Is it ready?

— Yes, it is． I just want to look it over and then I’ll send it．

A． didn’t receive                                          B． haven’t received

C． hadn’t received                                       D．  don’t receive

57． Though Michael Jackson _______ for many years, we still remember his crazy music．

A． died                     B． has died                C． has dead               D． has been dead

58． My parents and I will travel abroad as soon as the holiday ________．

A． begin                   B． is beginning          C． begins                  D． will begin

59． My son ________ computer games when I got home last night．

A． has played            B． was playing          C． will play               D． played

60． Ruby, ________ her grandpa ________ table tennis．

A． like; likes             B． likes; likes            C． likes; like              D． like; like

61． —How is Annie? The expression on her face ________ that she is sad．

—She didn’t pass the math exam．

A． advises                 B． suggests                C． showed                 D． seemed

62． Tom needs $1,000 to buy a computer． But ________ he has only made $ 500．

A． so far                   B． so as to                 C． so that                  D． so much

63． Mr． Smith will check our homework this afternoon, but I ________ it．

A． don’t finish           B． won’t finish          C． didn’t finish          D． haven’t finished

64． Dennis ________ the balls when juggling． He was terrible．

A． keeps dropping                 B． kept dropping                   C． kept to drop

65． —What film did you watch last weekend?

—I ________ Crossing the Yalu River．

A． watch                   B． watched                C． will watch             D． was watching

66． —Mum, where is Dad?

—Hе _________ the supermarket．

A． was going to                     B． has gone to                       C． has been to

67． The dirty water from the factory has caused serious pollution, _________?

A． didn’t it                B． hasn’t it                C． won’t it                D． doesn’t it

68． You don’t have to describe your Chinese teacher． We ______ a few times．

A． met                                                        B． have met

C． would meet                                          D． have been met

69． —Where is John? —He has gone to the library． He________there for an hour．

A． has gone               B． has been               C． went                     D． goes

70． I ________ Bill since he ________ to our school．

A． know; has come                                       B． know; came

C． have known; came                                  D． have known; has come

71． There ________  a basketball game in our school this afternoon．

A． will have                          B． is going to be                   C． are going to be

72． — Where is Betty?

— She __________ for a few minutes．

A． has gone               B． has left                 C． has returned          D． has been away

73． —What great progress Huawei ________ in the past few years!

—No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world．

A． made                               B． has made                          C． makes

74． —Look! Someone ________ the classroom． It’s clean and tidy now．

—Well, it wasn’t me． I went to the playground just now．

A． is cleaning            B． was cleaning         C． had cleaned           D． has cleaned

75． The students in our group ________ the final preparation for the match． We are sure to win．

A． made                    B． are making           C． make                    D． will make

76． Look! A group of teachers _________ over there now．

A． is going to sing and dance

B． are going to sing and dance

C． is singing and dancing

D． are singing and dancing

77． —Anna, where is your brother?

—He __________ in the garden with a group of kids．

A． plays                    B． played                  C． is playing              D． has played

78． He has a new ___________． He ___________ at a supermarket．

A． job；job                                                 B． work；work

C． work；jobs                                             D． job；works

79． Many wild animals ________ their lives because of the ________ of living areas．

A． loss; lose              B． lose; lose              C． loss; loss               D． lose; loss

80． My friend just ________ me a book． But I can’t find it now．

A． gave                     B． gives                    C． was giving            D． will give

81． We’re not sure if it ________ tomorrow． If it ________, we won’t climb the South Hill．

A． will rain, rains      B． will rain, will rain C． rains, rains            D． rains, will rain

82． David_________playing the piano for 9 years, and he is very good at it．

A． learns                   B． is learning            C． will learn              D． has learned

83． No one can be sure ________ in thousands of years, not to say in a million years．

A． what man looks like                                 B． what will man look like

C． what did man look like                            D． what man will look like

84． —There ________ a new movie next Sunday．

—Really? I will go to watch it．

A． will have              B． are going to be      C． are going to have   D． is going to be

85． There ________ great changes in our city in the last ten years．

A． are                                  B． were                                C． have been

86． —What are you going to do on Sunday?

—________．

A． I’m watching TV at home now

B． I’m going to visit Lily

C． I’d like to go to the cinema

D． I often do my homework at home

87． My grandparents ________ taijiquan for a year now and they are both in excellent condition．

A． played                  B． will play               C． have played           D． were playing

88． David is a tennis player． He       to play tennis when he was six years old．

A． begins                  B． will begin             C． began                   D． has begun

89． — I’m moving to London． Let’s stay in touch．

— Of course． And you_________never ________ ．

A． will; forget                                              B． were; forgotten

C． are; forgot                                               D． will; be forgotten

90． My dog likes________, but it never _______ me．

A． to bark; bark at                                        B． barking; bark

C． barking; barks at                                     D． barking at; barks

91． How long have you ________?

A． got married           B． married                C． be married            D． been married

92． Lily 　　　　 her room every day, so her room is very 　　　　．

A． clean; clean           B． cleans; cleans        C． clean; cleans          D． cleans; clean

93． He ________ much healthier if he takes enough ________ in his free time．

A． is; exercise            B． will be; exercise    C． is; exercises           D． will be; exercises

94． Look! The woman is ________ soup． Soup ________ vegetables tastes delicious．

A． make, with           B． making． with     C．  makes, with         D． making, and

95． Be quick! The important meeting ________for ten minutes．

A． began                   B． has began             C． has begun             D． has been on

96． —Where’s Mr． Yang?

—He ________ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai． He ________ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery．

A． has gone to; has been

B． has gone to; has gone to

C． has been to; has gone

D． has been to; has been to

97． I think the boy ________ already ________ his homework．

A． does; do               B． did; do                 C． is; doing               D． has; done

98． —Could you tell me________?

—For two weeks．

A． how long you borrowed this book

B． how long you have borrowed this book

C． how long you kept the book

D． how long you have kept the book

99． In the past few years, there ________ great changes in my hometown．

A． were                                B． have been                         C． had been

100． He ________ in his best clothes, ready for his evening out．

A． is dressing            B． dresses                 C． is dressed              D． dressed

…………

参考答案

1． B

【解析】句意：据报道,我市一些学校的学生每天都上体育课。

考查一般现在时用法。句子中主语是“the students”, 可数名词复数形式, 结合设空处后文提到的“every day”可知，时态是一般现在时, 谓语动词使用动词原形“take”。故选B。

2． B

【解析】句意：Kate不喜欢梨。

考查动词辨析。has有；like喜欢；eats吃；likes喜欢；空前有助动词doesn’t，后接动词原形，故选B。

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