突破11 语态-2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破及练习（通用版）

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2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破

突破11 语态

【知识突破】

1．被动语态定义

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是   动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。

2．被动语态的构成

英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表：

3．被动语态的用法

① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：A man was killed in the accident．(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday．(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)

②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place．(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years．(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)

③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：It was written by Lu Xun．(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner．(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)

4． 主动语态如何改写为被动语态

主动句：   主语(人/物)  +  谓语(及物动词) +  宾语(人/物)  +  其他  + 状语

(动作的执行者)  (各种时态形式)    (动作的承受者)

被动句： 主语(人/物)  +  谓语(及物动词) +  by   +人 / 物    + 其他  + 状语

(动作的承受者)  (be +过去分词)       (动作的执行者)

【注意】

①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：

His teacher gave him a dictionary．→He was given a dictionary by his teacher．

(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)

也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary．→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher．(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)/His father made him a kite．→A kite was made for him by his father．(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)

②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to．如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day．→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day．(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)

③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother．→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her．(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)

④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：

He is pleased / worried / tired /……．(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)

He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / ……．(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)

【能力突破】

1． The Suzhou Garden         about all over the world．

A． knows                  B． knew                    C． is known               D． was known

2． An official ________by some reporters on the traffic problems in Shanghai last Friday．

A． is interviewing      B． is interviewed       C． was interviewing   D． was interviewed

3． —It is said that our country will send up the second Mars probe (火星探测器) in a few days．

—Wow! More and more secrets           soon．

A． are going to discover                                B． will discover         C． have discovered      D． will be discovered

4． – Two months ago, China hosted Boao Forum for Asia (博鳌亚洲论坛) successf ully．

– Yes, many foreign gues ts ________ to the meeting．

A． invited                             B． are inviting                      C． were invited

5． —When ________ the telephone ________?

—In 1876．

A． was; discovered     B． did; discovered      C． was; invented        D． did; invented

6． Liu Genghong’s fitness exercise ________ by people of all ages these days．

A． learns                   B． learned                 C． was learned           D． is learned

7． Flowers________ ________along the road last year．

A． plant                    B． planted                 C． are planted            D． were planted

8． Some people think that paper books ________ by E-books in the near future．

A． replace                 B． is replaced            C． will be replaced     D． will replace

9． —Why hasn’t Tony come?

—The invitation ___________ to Toby by accident．

A． was emailed                     B． is emailed                        C． has emailed

10． The man ________ last ________ this home at about 7 A． m．

A． was；seen leaving

B． did；see left

C． has；seen leave

D． was；seen leave

11． —When shall I hand in my report?—As soon as it _______ tomorrow．

A． completes                                                B． will complete

C． is completed                                            D． will be completed

12． Tom ________ his room every day, so his room is very ________．

A． clean; clean           B． cleans; cleans        C． clean; cleans          D． cleans; clean

13． A lot of things         by people to protect the environment next year．

A． are doing              B． are being done      C． has been done        D． will be done

14． The 2022 Winter Olympics       in Beijing and towns in Hebei Province．

A． hold                     B． will hold              C． are held                D． will be held

15． The tea ________ on the sides of mountains by farmers．

A． is planted                         B． are planted                       C． has planted

16． The library _________ very early and it _________ after 10:00 p．m．

A． opens; closes         B． is open; is closed   C． opens; is closed     D． is open; closes

17． Don’t worry． All the children are           by the nurses．

A． made well             B． taught well           C． taken care of         D． found good

18． You may watch TV after your homework ________．

A． was done              B． is done                 C． has done               D． will be done

19． In our English class, many chances ________ to students to show themselves．

A． offer                    B． are offered            C． offered                 D． are offering

20． —Oh, this is really a big shop． Do you know when it ________?

—Sorry, I have no idea．

A． has built                           B． is built                             C． was built

21． Now children in that school ________ more time to read and play sports instead of simply learning．

A． give                     B． are given              C． are giving             D． gave

22． Look at the trees on both sides of the streets． They ___________ by the farmers．

A． planted                 B． were planted         C． were planting        D． are planted

23． Zhao Lin ________ to Beijing by train often． He usually goes by subway．

A． doesn’t go            B． isn’t going            C． not goes                D． don’t go

24． — Must we clean the classroom now?

— No, you needn’t． It       after school．

A． may clean             B． must clean            C． need be cleaned     D． can be cleaned

25． The weatherman says a rain shower _____ this afternoon in the south．

A． expects                 B． expected               C． is expected            D． was expected

26． It’s said that tea __________ by accident about five thousand years ago．

A． was invented         B． is invented            C． will be invented     D． were invented

27． Five more clubs ________ next week to make our school life rich and colorful．

A． set up                   B． are set up              C． will be set up        D． were set up

28． The doctor ________ for yet．

A． isn’t sent

B． hasn’t been sent

C． won’t be sent

D． wasn’t sent

29． It is reported that the Tokyo 2020 Olympics___________ no later than summer 2021．

A． is held                  B． will be held          C． will hold               D． hold

30． —Waiter, I’d like some Ningbo Dumplings．

—Sorry, sir． Ningbo Dumplings __________ only for lunch and dinner．

A． serve

B． served

C． are served

D． are serving

31． This car________ made in Shanghai．

A． is                         B． are                       C． were                     D． has

32． —Cathy, are you going to Lisa’s birthday party this weekend?

—I will go if I              ．

A． invited                             B． will be invited                  C． am invited

33． —More and more high-technology products ________ in China．

—Yes． Our country is becoming stronger and stronger．

A． is making             B． are making           C． is made                 D． are made

34． Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ______ about the importance of good living habits once more．

A． told                      B． is told                  C． was told                D． has told

35． Tea _______ by accident about 5000 years ago．

A． invented                           B． was invented                    C． is invented

36． A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year．

A． protect                 B． is protected           C． are protected         D． protected

37． —I think if I________another chance, I will do it better．

—I’m sure you will．

A． give                     B． will give               C． am given              D． will be given

38． —Why didn’t Emma go to Candy’s birthday party?

—Because she ________．

A． isn’t invited                      B． didn’t invite                     C． wasn’t invited

39． At present all Chinese couples _________ to have two children．

A． is allowed             B． allowed                C． are allowed           D． were allowed

40． I want to know if an English Singing Competition ________ next month．

A． will hold              B． will be held          C． holds                    D． is held

41． ﹣Where will the 2022 Winter Olympics____，Cindy？

﹣In Beijing， the capital of China，the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics．

A． be taken place                                          B． take place

C． take part                                                  D． be taken part

42． The books ________ to the library the other day．

A． were returned        B． returned               C． will return            D． will be returned

43． Jim was      by the big fire．

A． scare                    B． scaring                 C． scared                   D． to scare

44． I think students should ________ to do homework with others’ help．

A． allowed                B． be allowed            C． allow                    D． be allowing

45． —Tom is always careless with his schoolwork． Could you help him？

—No problem！I think he _______ to think twice before starting．

A． should be told                                          B． shouldn’t be told

C． should tell

46． — Why have I never seen this kind of 5G mobile phone?

— Because it ___________ by Huawei last week．

A． was produced        B． would produce      C． have produced       D． was producing

47． We ________ to stay at home because of the COVID-19 these days．

A． were asked            B． are asked              C． asked                    D． were asking

48． —Can you go to the movies with me tonight?

—I have to ask my mum． If I __________, I will go with you．

A． allow                   B． allowed                C． am allowed           D． was allowed

49． My advice on how to save paper      by my class last Monday．

A． accepts                 B． accepted               C． was accepted         D． is accepted

50． —Did Lisa come to our party yesterday?

—No, she ________．

A． didn’t invite                     B． isn’t invited                      C． wasn’t invited

51． —What do you think of yesterday’s activity in your community?

—Wonderful． A lot of useful advice on self-protection ________．

A． offered                            B． was offered                      C． were offered

52． — Tom is always careless with his homework． Could you help him?

— No problem! I think he ________ to think twice before starting．

A． should be told       B． can tell                 C． should tell             D． can be telling

53． Mickey Mouse _________ by Walt Disney and children enjoy __________ it very much．

A． was made; watching                                 B． made; watching

C． makes; to watch                                       D． was made; to watch

54． Look at the flowers on both sides of the street． They ________ last month．

A． plant                    B． planted                 C． are planted            D． were planted

55． —Mrs． Doreen, when shall I show my short video called “Chinese Celebration for New Year”?

—As soon as it ________ tomorrow．

A． finished                B． will finish             C． will be finished     D． is finished

56． The People Republic of China ________ Oct 1st, 1949．

A． was found on        B． was found in         C． was founded in      D． was founded on

57． This business company ________ by a famous actor in 1924． Now it has a history of nearly 100 years．

A． found                   B． has founded          C． was founded          D． founded

58． —I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday．

—Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests．

A． organizes              B． organized             C． was organized       D． will be organized

59． Paper-making ________ by the Chinese in the Western Han Dynasty(朝代)．

A． is invented                       B． invented                           C． was invented

60． —Simon, do you know who invented the kite?

—Sure! It ____ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago．

A． is invented            B． invented               C． was invented         D． will be invented

61． — Why hasn’t Diana come?

— The invitation letter ______ to Dorothy by mistake．

A． e-mailed               B． has e-mailed         C． is e-mailed            D． was e-mailed

62． All customers ________ to take their temperatures when they enter the supermarket．

A． is asked                B． was asked             C． are asked              D． were asked

63． Some new airports ________ in the west of our country． It will be very convenient to go there．

A． have built             B． will build             C． are building          D． will be built

64． On February 24th, 2022,Winter Olympic Games(冬奥会) ________ in Beijing．

A． hold                     B． held                     C． is hold                  D． was held

65． Three Chinese astronauts（宇航员） ________ to China Space Station successfully on June 5, 2022．

A． sent                                 B． are sent                            C． were sent

66． How many Chinese astronauts ________ into space since 2003?

A． were sent              B． sent                      C． have been sent       D． have sent

67． The 24th Olympic Winter Games ________ on February 4th, 2022．

A． will hold                          B． is held                             C． will be held

68． The river smells terrible． People must ________ dirty things into it．

A． be stopped to throw                                  B． be stopped from throwing      C． stop to throw  D． be stopped from throw

69． The National Cartoon Exhibition ________ in Shanghai every year for fans of all ages．

A． is held                  B． was held               C． has been held        D． will be held

70． —Do you know when we will leave?

—I’m not sure． I will tell you about it when the time ________．

A． is fixed                 B． fixed                    C． be fixed                D． will be fixed

71． The 25th Winter Olympic Games ________ in Italian cities Milan and Cortina in 2026．

A． held                     B． will bold              C． will be held           D． is going to hold

72． You  ________ lunch at school． So you don’t have to bring your own food．

A． give                     B． will give               C． are given              D． have given

73． The 24th Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th．

A． held                     B． was held               C． will be held           D． has been held

74． —Mum, could I watch the movie The Battle at Changjin Lake tonight?

—Of course, if your homework ______．

A． finishes                B． finished                C． was finished          D． is finished

75． — Do you know ________ in Tokyo?

— It will be put off, but the date hasn’t been decided yet．

A． when will the 32nd Olympic Games take place

B． when the 32nd Olympic Games will be held

C． when will the 32nd Olympic Games be held

D． when the 32nd Olympic Games will be taken place

76． I need one more stamp before my collection ________．

A． has completed       B． completes             C． has been completed D． is completed

77． _________ of the desert in that district _________ covered with trees and grass．

A． Two-thirds; have been                              B． Two-thirds; has been

C． Two-thirds; have                                      D． Two-thirds; has

78． —Have you see the TV play My Ugly Mother ?

—Yes, it’s well worth ________． It’s ________ moving that I’ve seen it twice．

A． seeing ; too                      B． to see ; enough                 C． seeing ; so

79． —This silk scarf looks nice．

—Yes, and it ________ in Thailand．

A． made                               B． makes                              C． was made

80． The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it ________ to places across the world every day．

A． sends                    B． sent                      C． is sent                   D． will be sent

81． Leonardo da Vinci’s diaries ________ more than 150 years after his death．

A． publish                 B． published              C． were published      D． are published

82． Many more libraries ________ in our city in the next five years．

A． built                     B． are built               C． were built             D． will be built

83． — Perfect photos! Good skills!

— Thank you． They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone． In fact, I am not skillful at all．

A． took                                B． were taken                       C． will be taken

84． Mr． Smith created a new game． Soon all his students ________ rules to play it．

A． teach                    B． taught                  C． are taught             D． were taught

85． In Switzerland, keeping only one goldfish isn’t ________, because the government believes it is very bad to make such social animals live alone．

A． stopped                B． doubted                C． refused                 D． allowed

86． His car ____ five years ago, but it looks quite new．

A． buys                     B． bought                 C． is bought              D． was bought

87． The girl is often heard ________ in the music room． Her voice sounds beautiful．

A． practice singing     B． practiced singing   C． to practice singing D． to practice sing

88． It is said China International Import Expo _________ in Shanghai last year．

A． was held               B． are held                C． has been held        D． had been held

89． —What will the future ________?

—Cities will be more ________．

A． like; pollute                                             B． be like; polluted

C． like; pollution                                          D． be like; pollution

90． A lot of trees ________ around here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now．

A． were planted         B． are planted            C． will planted           D． are planting

91． —Tell me one thing you’re proud of in your junior high school, Tony．

—I　　　　 as captain of the school football team．

A． choose                  B． chose                   C． am chosen             D． was chosen

92． More engineers and scientists _________to the African countries next year．

A． will send              B． will be sent           C． sent                      D． were sent

93． Over $30,000 ________ for a children’s hospital by a British girl several months ago．

A． raised                   B． was raised             C． rose                      D． was risen

94． A new factory ________ to deal with water pollution last month．

A． was built              B． will be built          C． has been built        D． has built

95． Students shouldn’t ______ to get their ears pierced．

A． be allowed            B． be allow               C． allow                    D． are allowed

96． -The traffic is too busy． We have to drive slowly．

-I think more new roads ____________ in our city．

A． should be built      B． should build          C． have built             D． build

97． The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in February, 2022, Beijing．

A． hold                     B． held                     C． is held                  D． was held

98． The rubbish ________ from the grass, and then the campsite was clean again．

A． removed               B． is removed            C． was removed         D． be removed

99． —Now, e-books are very popular with young people．

—That’s true, but I think paper books ________ more than e-books．

A． will use                B． were used             C． have used              D． will be used

100． If you see the cartoon film, you will 　　　　 laugh．

A． be made               B． be made to            C． make to                D． make

…………

参考答案

1． C

【解析】句意：苏州园林是世界闻名的园林。

A：一般现在时的主动语态；B：一般过去时的主动语态；C：一般现在时的被动语态；D：一般过去时的被动语态。首先：苏州园林是世界闻名的园林是一个事实，故应该使用一般现在时；因此B、D选项直接排除；又因为”园林”与”知道；了解”之间是被动关系，故应该使用被动语态；因此A选项排，故选C。

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