专题26 短文填空 考点2 选词填空-2023年中考英语真题分项汇编（全国通用 第01期）

本资料来自专辑：2023年中考英语真题分项汇编（全国通用）

2023年中考英语真题分项汇编

专题26 短文填空 考点2 选词填空

从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空、使短文完整、通顺（每空一词，每词限用一次）。

Once in a physics class, the teacher asked students, “Why do we have brakes (刹车) in our cars?” Soon, students gave different answers. A student     1     up and replied, “Sir, to stop the car.” Another one said, “To reduce and control the speed of the car.”

However,     2     of the answers was the same as the teacher’s. Then he said, “All of your answers are right. But in my opinion, the brakes in the car make us able to drive much     3    .”

“If the car has no brakes, how fast are we ready to drive? It is the brakes in the car that give us     4     to drive fast and safely.” Listening to this, the whole class was     5     because no one had imagined this answer.

Similarly, there are many such “brakes” in our life, which seem to stop us. For example, our parents may ask     6     about progress or decisions in life. Their     7     or suggestions may be considered as “brakes” which stand in our way. But we can see them as our supporters which can     8     us while taking risks. Sometimes, we have to stop or even step back, so that we can take a big step.

In fact, it is the “brakes” in life that help us a lot.     9     these “brakes”, we could lose our direction or get into danger. So we need to understand that “brakes” in our life are not meant to push us back     10     to make us move forward more quickly than before.

用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词或短语限用一次。

从方框中选择适当的单词，并用其适当的形式完成短文，每词只能用一次，每空一词。

Save the Sharks!Many have heard of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is especially popular     21     southern China. But do you realize that you’re     22     a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup?

When people catch sharks, they cut off     23     fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also     24     to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and     25     dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem.     26     their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the     27     in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and     28     in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.

Environmental protection     29     around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So     30    , no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks!

根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。

ChatGPT is an AI system(系统) that can have a discussion and create written work. It can creatematerial based on what it has learned     31     digital books and online naissance. Now three high school students in Cyprus have developed an     32     robot with the help of their teachers. It is special as it uses ChatGPT AI technology.

The robot is named AInstein. It is the size of a small adult and even has a screen for a face that appears to show human facial(面部)     33    . It speaks a North American form of English. And it can tell jokes, like “    34     was the math book sad? Because it had too many problems.” The robot enjoys     35     science books and spending time playing the violin.

The creators of AInstein want to use the technology to     36     learning experiences in the classroom. In fact, there     37     be a place for robots in education after all. British education expert Anthony Seldon predicts that robots will take over the classroom in 2027 and teachers will work as their helpers.

One thing is certain, though. A robot teacher is     38     than no teacher at all. In some parts of the world, there aren’t     39     teachers and 9—16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly     40     by robots, because they can teach anywhere and won’t get stressed, or tired, or move somewhere for an easier, higher-paid job.

请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。

Last year we had a new classmate.    41    name is Danny. He was tall and handsome with dark brown eyes. Many classmates liked him.

One day, we    42    that we would have a school trip at the end of the month. The whole class got very excited and the girls began to discuss what to wear and what to bring with them. But Danny simply told everyone he wouldn’t go.

“Don’t you like it, Danny?” our teacher Mr. Sims asked with    43   .

Danny stood up and said, “It’s too much money for me. My dad is ill in bed. My mom    44    in a supermarket every day. I’m not asking them for money.”

“I’m very proud of you that you can understand your    45   . Not every student of your age can think about this,” Mr. Sims replied.

Then Mr. Sims said to the class, “This year, we are going to do things    46   . Would you like to raise money for the trip by yourselves? I hope each of you can come up with at least one idea.  And we    47    a plan tomorrow.”

“Well, my family can afford the trip. Do I still have to do that?” Shelly asked.

“Shelly, this will be a different and    48    learning experience for everyone, whether you have the money or not.”

That day, we knew Danny    49    than before because he was not only honest but also brave. His behavior（行为）helped us     50     what his family had or didn’t have couldn’t decide who he was. He won the respect of many of us.

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

Imagine you are collecting some information about winter traditions of northern China. You open a video that you think it could be     51     to you. But it takes time to load(加载). After ten seconds, it hasn’t even     52     yet. Will you continue to wait patiently?

Computer science expert Ramesh Sitaraman placed 6. 7 million people in a     53     similar to the one above. According to     54     study, 52% of people would give up waiting for the video after only two seconds. And with every second passing, another 5.8 percent of people would     55     to give up. Sitaraman’s research shows that people are becoming less and less patient. Because of the fast Internet speed, we are used to     56     “instant gratification (即时满足)”. We expect to get what we want without waiting. When we don’t get what we want     57    , we will be worried or even angry. This happens in front of our     58     and beyond.

But being     59     doesn’t just solve your troubles. It is also the key to success in life. To some degree, many people including J. K. Rowling and Deng Qingming succeed     60     they are quite patient. When you want to get instant gratification next time, remember that good things do take time. It’s better to be patient.

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）

Nature is wonderful. It     61     our best teacher. It teaches us a lot and we are born to learn from it to solve     62    . For example, scientists used what they saw in nature to improve our way of travelling. In days of high-speed train research and     63    , scientists were once faced with a noise problem. The trains pushed air through tunnels at     64     speeds. So, when a train came out of a tunnel, it could be very, very     65    .  However, kingfisher birds hardly make a sound when they get into lakes or rivers. Engineers     66     a clever idea. They changed the front of the trains to match the shape of the kingfisher. Then the air could     67     pass over the trains. The problem was solved!

The kingfisher     68     example is just one that we learned from nature. Scientists study the smart models that nature can     69    . Then they use their wisdom(智慧) and imagination to design new products. Nature provides us with     70     possibilities to find wonderful ways to improve our lives. Learning from nature knows no bounds(永无止境)!

请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。

The Shenzhou XV mission (飞行任务) crew (乘组) returned to Earth on June 4 after a six-month mission. The crew     71     are Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu.

After everything was ready, the astronauts were carried out of the capsule (返回舱) one by one and placed on chairs     72     the capsule. Then, the astronauts shared their feelings and thoughts with a reporter from CCTV in a live program. Fei said, “We have     73     our tasks before returning safely to Earth. We are all in good condition.” Deng said, “I expected the chance to fly into space for twenty-five years. It was the     74    moment of my life to know that I could be in the mission.” Zhang said, “We will go back to training as soon as possible. We will always be ready to return to space.”

After the interview, the astronauts were     75     away for health checks

Many years ago, there were many states in China. The State of Qi used to be very strong, but it became less powerful. Yan Zi was a     76     adviser, so the king of Qi sent him to ask Chu to support each other.

The king of Chu knew Yan Zi was very short. He tried to make Yan Zi feel shy about his     77    . When Yan Zi arrived, the guard told him     78     through the small gate. Yan Zi didn’t get angry. “Only a state of dogs will greet     79     with a gate for dogs. I’m visiting the State of Chu. This gate isn’t for me.” Yan Zi said. So the guard had to take him through the main gate.

The king of Chu was unhappy at     80     Yan Zi did. “Why did Qi send YOU? Don’t they have anyone better?” the king tried     81     way.

“If Qi meets a great king, it’ll send the best ambassador (使臣). I’m the worst. That’s why I’m here.” Yan Zi replied calmly (镇定地). At this time, the guards brought a thief (小偷) to the king. The thief was from Qi. “Ha! Yan Zi, is Qi a state of thieves?” asked the king     82    .

Yan Zi replied, “The orange trees south of Huai River produce big and delicious fruit,     83     the orange trees north of Huai River produce small and sour fruit. The     84     makes the fruit grow differently. In Qi, people are good and honest, but here, they     85    . What made that person a thief here?” Finally, the king looked at Yan Zi and     86    , “I was wrong about you and your state!”

根据短文内容用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，每空一词，每词一次，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应位置。

When I was in primary school, I fell in love with reading. The books brought a wonderful world to     87    .

The more I read, the more I wanted to know. However, my parents could not     88     so many books. I hadto solve the problem myself.

There was a     89     near my home. One day I walked into the bookshop and     90     up a book. I didn’t know whether I could read there without buying any books. To make sure, I just read a     91     pages and then put it back.     92    , no one noticed me. After that, I went there to read every day. Several days later, while I was reading, the owner came up and asked, “You like reading?” I looked down and replied nervously, “Yes.” “Don’t worry,” he said with a smile, “You may read books here     93     you help me clean the shop.” I felt quite     94    , “Wow! It’s so kind of you!” From then on, I spent a little time cleaning the shop. After that, I quietly read there. Finally, I became one of     95     best writers in our school.

Now studying in high school, I can borrow books     96     the library. My hobby of reading is kept. It will make a big difference to my life.

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次（每空一词）。

Last year, my friends and I went on a trip. We started early in the morning and traveled for several     97     on a bus. When we arrived, everyone was tired.

While we were getting off the bus, I noticed a young man, probably in his early twenties, standing very close to one of my friends. Suddenly, I realized that he was trying to     98     my friend’s wallet from her bag! I     99     really nervous, but I knew I had to take action to stop him. Luckily, I saw two police officers standing     100     and got an idea. So I fell over and cried out painfully. The police officers heard that and came over to help. When they were by my side, I told them what was     101    . They caught the thief right away.

After that, we thanked the police officers and went on with our trip happily.

短文填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (每词限用一次)。actual  advantage  chance  child  difficult

difference  few  hear  many  possible  silence  tell

Do you believe a rose plant says “I want some water” or a tree shouts “My

arms hurt”? Maybe you will say this could only happen in some   102   stories.

In fact, plants are not always   103  . A recent study has found plants shout when they are in need of water or having their stems cut. “Even in a quiet field, there are  104   some sounds that carry information. However, the pitch (音高) is too high for people   105  ,” said Lilach Hadany, a professor from Tel Aviv University.

The researchers used microphones to record some tomato plants and found that stressed plants send out   106   sounds than unstressed plants. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Professor Hadany said. They also trained a machine in   107   the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants. The result shows that when the causes of stress change, they shout   108  . After the team recorded many kinds of other plants, they found that many plants like corn, wheat and grape plants send out sounds when they are under stress, too.

“There is a   109   that a lot of communication is happening,” Professor Hadany said. “Because other plants can probably hear the call of the stressed plants.”

Sound recordings of plants could bring humans lots of   110  , especially in farming. For example, people will make sure whether corn is getting enough water or where water is needed most without much    111   .

通读下面短文，掌握其大意，选出可以填入短文空格处的词并将该词的字母代号（不写出该词）填写在答题卡相应的位置上。

Reading and writing poems is a very personal experience. Poets use language as a way of expressing their feelings. Poets can describe the     112     of nature, a person, a dream or a memorable event. Most people have tried writing poems     113     some time. For children, it’s a good way to enjoy language and have fun with words as well as to     114     themselves.

But teachers and psychologists (心理学家) have     115     another use for poems as a form of therapy (疗法) to help with problems. Writing poems can help deal with change in their lives, death or feelings of sadness or serious disease. By writing down your feelings, you can learn to understand yourself     116     than before.

Poems might be a way of telling someone     117     when you don’t feel able to talk about it face to face. Poems written as therapy can be funny too, as laughter is also considered to be very good     118     for illness.

Students at a special school in England read and write poems every day. Some of the poems that     119     for them to communicate with the world and express their feelings. They     121     help them to find out

and work out their problems and to develop a positive attitude to life.

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词限用一次。

On May 15, 2023, the Activity of Choosing People Who Moved Liangshan in 2022 was held in Xichang. Ten people    122    the proud prize. Among them was Lou Se’er whose four children got into the famous universities in China. Two of them are studying in Tsinghua University. He was given a special prize by the government on October 31st, 2022. It’s impossible for him to get such special prizes    123    the great effort.

Luo and his wife live in a small mountain village in Butuo. They have a common and hard life as most other    124    in their neighborhood. They have little education, but how can they bring up four excellent children? Luo told reporters about his “secrets of    125    education.” “I hope my children can get more education and have a better future.” said Luo. “My wife and I faced lots of challenges and difficulties. We don’t know    126    to read or write. We can hardly count.”

They    127    realized the importance of education for their children. They made up their minds    128    them to good schools. They can’t help their children with studying at home during weekends, summer and winter vacations. The children have to learn by    129    and sometimes the elder brothers helped their younger brother and sister. They studied very hard and made great progress in examinations. “My all children are in good universities. In fact, there is no secret. It’s just a whole-hearted decision, I together with my wife will support them all the time as long as they need. We think    130    plays a very important role towards success.” added Luo. Many people are touched by the story about the poor family—parents with little education and four     131     children. They believe that the Luos’ life must become better and better.

选词填空 阅读下面短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。

For middle and primary school students, learning to cook has become a must. They will also need to learn how    132    vegetables, raise poultry (家禽) and maintain home appliances (修理家电) under new last year. From the 2022 fall term, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labor

skills at least once a week. The new standard includes three kinds of labor tasks (任务). The first is for things like    134    chores, including cleaning, organizing, cooking and maintaining home appliances. Next is productive labor, such as making hand-made works and    135    new technologies. The    136    is service work which includes volunteer work.

Schools in China have    137    paid more attention to studying, and many have seen chores as a waste of children’s time. But according to the MOE, labor education must be built up to help students and develop an interest in labor.

Online, people have been busy    138    the new standard on social media (社交媒体). Liu Fang, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Beijing, strongly    139    labor education. For the past year, she has trained her daughters to do chores and make simple dishes    140    the family.

“Through doing housework, their eye-hand coordination (手眼协调), time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help    141    relax.” Through such education, Liu thinks her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.

…………

参考答案

1．stood    2．none    3．faster    4．courage    5．silent    6．us    7．questions    8．protect    9．Without    10．but

【导语】本文主要通过老师在物理课上讲述刹车的作用来告诉学生一个哲理：把生活中你所认为的阻碍看成让我们积极向上奋斗的保障，他们的存在是为了让我们更好地前进。

1．句意：一个学生站起来回答说：“先生，停车。”根据“student…up and replied”可知，站起来回答问题，stand up“起立”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填stood。

…………