本资料来自专辑：2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破及练习汇总（通用版）
2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破
突破09 非谓语动词
【知识突破】
1．动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。
2．动词不定式
① 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”。它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。
② 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
③ 动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb．表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如：To help animals is helping people．(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well．((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem．(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)
④ 动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。
[A] 及物动词+不定式一般形式：
如：I would like to have a rest at the moment．(我现在想休息一下)/ They began to search the room for the thief．(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house．(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave．(你离开时别忘了关门
[比较] He forgot to turn off the light．(他忘了关灯．) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the light．(他忘记关过灯．)(关了) / Please remember to ring me up．(记得给我打电话．)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot．(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了．)(打过电话)
[B] 及物动词+疑问词+不定式：
如：He does not know which one to take．(他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get to the station．(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework．(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？)
[C] 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。如： I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike．(我发现学骑车不很容易)
⑤ 动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语,放在名词或代词后面。
[A] 记住下面的一些结构：
[B] 在这种情况下,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则后面必须加介词。如：
They could not find a place to live in．(他们找不到住的地方)/ Please give me a chair to sit on．(请给我一张椅子坐坐)/ He has got a writing brush to write with．((他找到了写字的毛笔)
⑥ 动词不定式可以在句子中用作状语,有下列几种情况：
[A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。如：He came to see her yesterday．(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的)/ I stopped to have a rest．(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的)
[B] 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it．(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩)/ I opened the window to see more clearly．(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿)
[C] 有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual．(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的)
[注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。如：They stopped to have a look．(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语)/ They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teahcher．(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容)
⑦ 动词不定式可以在句子中用作表语,限用于连系动词之后。如：My job is to keep the goal．(我的工作就是守住球门)
⑧ 动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。
如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking．(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭)/ I would like you to see my parents．(我想要你见见我的父母)/ The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day．(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时)/ Now let me hear you play the violin．(现在让我来听你拉小提琴)
[注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较：
I heard her crying when I walked past．(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况)
I sat near her and heard her sing the new song．(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程)
3．动名词
① 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。
② 动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so easy．(自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself．)
③ 动名词可以作宾语。
[A] want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly．(你的车急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting．(我要理发。)(头发被理)
[B] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him．(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) / I forgot writing a letter to him．(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to look back．(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back．(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了)
[C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等词一般用动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把门关上你介意吗？)/ She hates travelling by air．(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon．(他们每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the town．(我喜欢在镇上转悠)
[D] like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school．(我们在小学时就开始学英语了) / We began studying English when we were at primary school． (我们在小学时就开始学英语了)
④ 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如：My job is putting these parts together．(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) / I am putting these parts together．(我正在把这些部件拼起来)
⑤ 动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health． (动名词短语,作主语) / Seeing is believing．(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it．(现在分词,作定语) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs．(现在分词,作宾补)
4．分词： 包含现在分词和过去分词。(高中学习重点)
① 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动 作已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。
② 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。
[A] 作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose．(我流鼻涕) / The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr． Black．(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him．(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)
[B] 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语)
如：Mum kept me working all the week．(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/ When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear．(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot．(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动)
[C] 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand．(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test．(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试)
[D] 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。例略。
[E] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning．(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth． done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth．则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆)
【能力突破】
1． —Do you like ________ TV?
—No, I don’t．
A． watch B． watching C． watches D． watched
2． — Can you sing a song for us, Mary?
— Sorry, I can’t． I am not good at ________．
A． sing B． singing C． sings D． sung
3． You need to brush your ________ after ________．
A． tooth; eat B． teeth; eating C． teeth; eat
4． —The art festival is coming． It’s a good chance to show ourselves．
—You are very good at ________． And you will be the most popular star．
A． singing B． sing C． to sing D． sang
5． —What will you do after you graduate from college?
—I want to be an artist． But my mother advises me ________ an art teacher．
A． becoming B． becomes C． will become D． to become
6． Half- time is a ______ for players______．
A． ten minutes period ; to rest
B． ten-minutes period ; rest
C． ten-minute period ; to rest
D． ten-minute-period ; to rest
7． Mr White was so busy ________ in his office that he wasn’t able to go to a movie with his son．
A． work B． to work C． working D． worked
8． He hurried back home ________ his schoolbag．
A． fetched B． to fetch
C． fetching D． fetches
9． —_______ heads means No in China but Yes in India．
—Sounds interesting．
A． Shaking B． Moving C． Hitting D． Washing
10． It takes Amy about twenty minutes ________ home every day．
A． to walk B． walk C． walk to D． to walk to
11． I hope ________ in my hometown after I finish school．
A． work B． works C． working D． to work
12． —It’s time ________ class．
—OK, let’s ________ now．
A． for, going B． to, go C． for, go D． to, go
13． —Have you finished your work? I want to go shopping with you．
—I’m almost finished, but I have to finish ________ this email to Mark． Please give me ________ five minutes．
A． send; other B． sending; another C． sending; other D． send, another
14． Sometimes the teacher knocks on the blackboard lightly to catch our_________．
A． action B． attention C． information D． suggestion
15． —Would you like ________ shopping with me?
—Yes, I’d love to．
A． go B． to go C． goes D． going
16． It takes him 3 hours ________ the book．
A． read B． to read C． reading D． reads
17． My parents ________ strawberries and my cousin ________ tomatoes．
A． like; like eat B． likes; likes to eat C． likes; like eating D． like; likes eating
18． The students decided ________ for a volunteer after-school reading program．
A． trying out B． try out C． to try out D． tried out
19． This plan is well worth ________．
A． consider B． considering C． considers D． to consider
20． —Let’s ________ on Sunday．
—Great!
A． meets B． meet C． to meet D． meeting
21． Though the farm work is hard, we aim _________ it before 6:00 p．m．
A． finishing B． finishes C． to finish D． finish
22． Most of us enjoy ________ to our mothers’ speak, because our brains greatly prefer the voices of our own mothers．
A． listening B． listen C． to listen
23． It’s dangerous _________ in the sea alone．
A． swim B． to swim C． swimming D． swims
24． Don’t forget ________ today’s newspaper． You are on the news．
A． to read B． reading C． not to read D． read
25． The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company．
A． discuss B． discussed C． discussing D． to discuss
26． —What are you doing, Lucy?
—I’m watching my father ________ chess with my grandpa．
A． play B． to play C． plays D． playing
27． —Mario, your mobile phone is ringing．
—Wait a minute． It’s dangerous for us ______ it while crossing the street．
A． answering B． to answer C． answer D． answered
28． They’d like ________ basketball after school．
A． playing B． to play C． play D． plays
29． —What did they go there for?
— ________ the old people there clean their rooms．
A． To help B． Helping C． Help
30． Our teacher often advises us ________ the habit of taking notes while we are reading．
A． to develop B． develop C． developing D． developed
31． —On Monday, our English teacher always lets us ________ a report．
—Oh, what is the report about?
A． to give B． give C． to make D． make
32． We all need to know ________ to do if there is an earthquake．
A． how B． what C． which D． whether
33． My house is far from my school． I want _________ a room．
A． count B． to count C． to rent D． rent
34． Ma Yang said he had difficulty ________ with people in Britain．
A． communicate B． in communicating C． to communicate D． with communicate
35． It’s better for us to use solar power ________ the car．
A． drive B． driving C． to drive
36． Our teacher told us ________ food．
A． to waste B． waste C． not to waste D． not waste
37． Do you want _______the chess club?
A． join B． join in C． to join D． to take part in
38． He has invited us ________ a picnic with his family in August．
A． having B． have C． to have D． had
39． Lisa plans_____________ a new picture next week．
A． draw B． to draw C． drawing
40． Jim asked Lily ________ forget to complete her task on time．
A． to not B． don’t C． not to
41． Would you please give us something _______?
A． to drink B． drinking C． drink D． drunk
42． I advised her ________ so much time choosing what to wear every morning．
A． to not spend B． not to spend C． not spend D． didn’t spend
43． It’s good ________ by using the Internet, but don’t spend too much time on it．
A． relax B． to relax C． relaxed D． relaxing
44． What about ________ the Reading Club?
A． join B． to join C． joining D． joins
45． —I have something ________ her． Could you ask her ________ me back?
—No problem．
A． to tell; calling B． telling; to call C． to tell, to call D． telling; calling
46． Don’t forget _________ your book here tomorrow．
A． carrying B． getting C． to take D． to bring
47． —Would you mind ________ your bike?
—________． I’ll put it under the tree right away．
A． move; Sorry B． to move; Yes
C． moving; Of course not D． moving; Sorry
48． — Have you asked the policeman ________?
— Yes, he told us to turn left on to Main Street． It’s on the right．
A． how to get to the nearest bank．
B． where can we find a bank
C． when we can go to the nearest bank
49． I saw Nick ________ in the music room just now．
A． dancing B． to dance C． dances
50． To save the little girl, the young man jumped into the river without ________ his coat．
A． putting on B． take off C． put on D． taking off
51． He needs _________ more to make his Chinese better．
A． to practice speaking B． to practice to speak C． practicing to speak D． practice speaking
52． Tommy often ________ funny stories to make us ________ a lot．
A． tells; laugh B． says; laugh C． tells; to laugh D． says; to laugh
53． The World Health Organization has given some advice on how to protect us from ________ infected(感染) with H7N9．
A． be B． being C． to be D． are
54． The middle exam is coming soon, so I’m busy ________ it these days．
A． preparing with B． prepare with C． preparing for D． prepare for
55． Our teacher told us _________ our parents for money．
A． can’t ask B． don’t ask C． not to ask D． didn’t ask
56． The community worker is patient enough ________ to the old how to use Health Code(码)．
A． explain B． explains C． to explain D． explaining
57． We shouted to our parents to let them know about the danger．
A． 状语 B． 表语 C． 宾语
58． Ten years ago, my Grandma lived in the countryside, but now she ________ in modern cities．
A． used to live B． uses to live C． is used to live D． is used to living
59． The river smells terrible． People must ________ dirty things into it．
A． be stopped to throw B． be stopped from throwing C． stop to throw D． be stopped from throw
60． The boy didn’t know ________ with the math problem, so he asked his teacher for help．
A． how to do B． what to do C． where to do D． which to do
61． — Why do many farmers put their products online these days?
— ________ more people buy them．
A． Let B． Letting C． To let
62． Some people enjoy ________ in the city, but ________ don’t．
A． to live; the other B． living; the others C． living; others D． to live; other
63． 一The famous Notre Dame Cathedral caught a big fire on April 15,2019．
一What a pity! I wonder how much difficulty French people may have _________it．
A． repair B． to repair C． repairing D． repaired
64． —Your dream is to be a singer, right?
—Yes, and I will spend as much time as I can ________ singing．
A． practising B． practise C． to practise D． to practising
65． —Li Hua used to ___ in the morning． But now he is used to ____ in the evening．
A． read; read B． reading; read C． read; reading D． reading; reading
66． There are many things ________ in our city．
A． doing B． done C． to do D． do
67． It usually takes us twenty minutes ________ our classroom every day．
A． clean B． to clean C． cleaning D． cleans
68． A lot of doctors and soldiers offered________to the front line to help the people in need．
A． to going B． going C． went D． to go
69． As a professional basketball player, LeBron James did what he could do to help his team win the finals． 划线部分作_______．
A． 状语 B． 定语 C． 宾语
70． In the past the poor didn’t have warm houses ________．
A． to live in it B． to live in
C． living in D． to live in them
71． When the little baby saw her mother ________． she couldn’t help ________．
A． coming; laughing B． come; to laugh C． comes; laughs D． came; laughing
72． In order to protect wildlife, we should first let more people understand the importance of it． The underlined part is used to ________．
A． express a result B． express a purpose C． give a reason D． give an example
73． Don’t ________, we are halfway to ________．
A． worry about the problems, solving them
B． worry the problems about, solving them
C． worry about the problems, solve them
D． worry the problems about, solve them
74． The government advises people to follow the seven-step hand-washing method ________ healthy．
A． keep B． to keep C． keeping
75． There used to ________ a lot of kids ________ in the garden, but now it becomes very quiet．
A． be; playing B． have; playing
C． be; play D． be; were playing
76． Although Tony tried __________ to the teacher． __________ he didn’t hear anything．
A． to listen: but B． to listen; / C． listen; but
77． Can you help me ________ the room?
A． clean B． to cleaning C． cleaning D． with cleaning
78． It’s really interesting _______ game shows．
A． watches B． to watch C． watch
79． We should never give up to achieve our dreams．
A． try B． to try C． trying D． tried
80． Many doctors from Jiangsu went to Xi’an ________ help for the local hospitals several days ago．
A． provide B． providing C． to provide D． provides
81． When I came into the room, I saw him ________ TV．
A． watching B． watch C． to watch D． watched
82． There are no ways she can come up ________ herself out．
A． with to help B． to help C． with helping D． to helping
83． The physics problem is too difficult． Can you tell us ________?
A． how to do B． to how do it C． how to do it D． to how do
84． If you want to get good scores on your exams, you should avoid ________ careless mistakes．
A． make B． making C． to make D． made
85． Their parents don’t allow them_______ in the river because it’s really dangerous．
A． swim B． swimming C． to swim D． swam
86． He doesn’t know ________ the broken computer．
A． how to do with
B． how can they deal with
C． how to deal with
D． how they can do with
87． — Would you mind not________noise? Alice is sleeping．
— Sorry, I didn’t know． I________she was awake．
A． make; think B． making; thought C． making; think
88． You must get your bedroom _____ every day．
A． to clean B． cleaned C． to be cleaned D． cleaning
89． I think the best way ____________is taking part in(参加) outdoor activities．
A． to relax B． relaxing C． relaxed D． relaxes
90． The young man ________ by the police is her husband．
A． caught B． was caught C． catching D． was catching
91． Don’t worry． We will do anything we can ________ you．
A． help B． to help C． be helped D． helped
92． — Come and see! The baby is crying．
—Please do something to make him ．
A． stop crying B． stop to cry C． crying D． cry
93． Sometimes you have to stop too much and just go where your heart takes you．
A． think B． to think C． thinking
94． ﹣Hello， Lucy， please give me some____on how to improve my English!
﹣You’d better keep___more English books．
A． advices；read B． advice；read
C． advice；reading D． advices；reading
95． —What’s wrong with Jane?
—Her friends went to a party without her, so she feels ________．
A． leave out B． left out C． leave for D． left for
96． My dog likes________, but it never _______ me．
A． to bark; bark at B． barking; bark
C． barking; barks at D． barking at; barks
97． He appeared ________ my advice．
A． accept B． accepted C． accepting D． to accept
98． 2018年上海宝山、嘉定二模 Mr． White finished _________invitation cards for the celebration
party five minutes ago．
A． write B． wrote C． writing D． to write
99． It is better to ask someone for advice than ________ something．
A． risk doing B． risk to do C． to risk doing D． to risk to do
100． Tim couldn’t speak French at all． When he was in Paris, he couldn’t make himself ______．
A． understand B． understanding C． understood
…………
参考答案
1． B
【解析】句意：——你喜欢看电视吗？——不，我不喜欢。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语like doing sth“喜欢做某事”。故选B。
2． B
【解析】句意：——玛丽，你能为我们唱首歌吗？——对不起，我不能。我不擅长唱歌。
考查非谓语动词。be good at doing sth．为固定搭配，意为“擅长做某事”，符合句意，故选B。
3． B
【解析】句意：你饭后需要刷牙。
考查可数名词复数及介词用法。brush one’s teeth“刷牙”；介词after后接动名词eating作宾语。故选B。
…………
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