第14讲 时间状语从句-2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新八年级英语暑假精品课及练习

第14讲 时间状语从句

      第一部分 语法

1.引导时间状语从句的连词

2.when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别

when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。

① when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。

Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?

你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？ （get为短暂性动词）

Sorry, I was out when you called me.

对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。 （call为短暂性动词）

Strike while the iron is hot.

趁热打铁。 （is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）

The students took notes as they listened.

学生们边听课边做笔记。 （listen为延续性动词）

② when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。

a.从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。

When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. （finished先发生）

当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport, the guests had left. （got to后发生）

当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。

b.从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。

①When / While / As we were dancing, a stranger came in. （dance为延续性动词）

当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。

②When / While / As she was making a phonecall, I was writing a letter. （make为延续性动词）

当她在打电话时，我正在写信。

c.当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示＂随着……＂ ＂一边……，一边……＂之意。

As the time went on, the weather got worse. 随着时间的过去，天气变得更糟糕了。

The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.

随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。

As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.

随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。

The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。

The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.

伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。

d.在将来时的从句中，常用when，且从句要用一般时代替将来时。

You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.

在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。

When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.

下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。

③ when用于表示＂一……就……＂的句型中（指过去的事情）。

sb.had hardly（＝scarcely）done sth. when. . . ＝Hardly / Scarcely had sb. done sth. when…

I had hardly / scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.

＝Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.

我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。

I had hardly / scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.

＝Hardly / Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.

我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。

3.比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。

Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。

区别：

（1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

（2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

—Until when are you staying?

—Until next Monday.

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

（3）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。

（4）It is not until… that…

It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.

（5）表示＂一……就……＂的结构

hardly/scarcely… when/before, no sooner… than 和as soon as都可以表示＂一……就……＂的意思。

I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

第二部分  时间状语从句专项训练（含解析）

一、时间状语从句

1．— Do you know when Mr. Brown ________ to China?

— I’m not sure yet. When he ________, I will give you a message and let you know.

A．gets; arrives                       B．will get; will arrive             C．will get; arrives

2．The visitors took some photos ________ they walked around the new town.

A．so                          B．but                         C．for                         D．when

3．They ____ Miss Brown at the airport when she arrives this afternoon.

A．will meet               B．met                        C．meet                      D．meets

4．It was getting to rain ________ I arrived at the station.

A．as                          B．while                     C．when                     D．as soon as

5．Daisy ________when the bell rang.

A．reads a book                                              B．was reading a book

C．is reading a book                                       D．read

6．—________ did the bell ring?

—We were having dinner ________ the bell rang.

A．When; when           B．When; while           C．While; while           D．While; when

7．When he came in, I ________ my sister ________ cooking.

A．was helping；with  B．helped；with          C．helped；at              D．was helping；at

8．To make your DIY better, you should not start ________ you get all the tools ready.

A．when                     B．while                     C．before                    D．after

9．You will certainly pass the exam ________ you keep on trying.

A．before                    B．as                          C．until                      D．as long as

10．The island country had fought against the invaders for more than ten years ________ it became an independent republic.

A．before                    B．when                      C．since                      D．while

11．They will not finish the work on time ________they work together.

A．while                     B．unless                     C．after                      D．because

二、汉译英

12．我们在看《猫和老鼠》时忍不住一直大笑。

_____________________________________________________________________________

13．当你不开心的时候，你愿意和谁分享呢？

_____________________________________________________________________________

14．当他听到这个消息时，他惊讶地看着我。

_____________________________________________________________________________

15．当我进入房间时，我发现他正在浏览一本杂志。

_____________________________________________________________________________

16．安装一盏更亮的灯之前，你最好读一下指示。

_____________________________________________________________________________

17．他来后许多鸟儿都飞走了。

_____________________________________________________________________________

三、用单词的正确形式完成句子

when与while

18．________ the bell rang, the Greens were watching TV.

19．I was doing housework ________ my brother was playing computer games.

20．The workers were working ________ it began to rain.

21．My mother was cooking ________ I was doing my homework.

四、完成句子

22．听到这个笑话时,他忍不住地笑了。

He _______ when he heard the joke.

23．当他醒来的时候，他爸爸正在看着他。

When he ________ ________, his dad was watching him.

24．当他醒来的时候，太阳正在升起。

While the sun __________ __________, he woke up,

五、同义句转化

25．At 5 years old, the boy weighed more than 40 kilograms.

________ the boy was 5 years old, his weight was ________ 40 kilograms.

26．Li Bin joined the army at the age of 18. (同义句转换)

Li Bin joined the army ________ ________ ________18 years old.

27．While I was watching TV, he came in.(改为同义句)

I ____ ____ TV ____ he came in.

…………

参考答案

1．C

【详解】

句意：——你知道布朗先生什么时间到中国？——我还不确定，当他到达，我会发信息给你让你知道。

考查动词的时态。根据“I’m not sure yet”可知布朗先生还没到中国，第一空用一般将来时will get to China。when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来，第二空用第三人称单数形式arrives。故选C。

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