2023年中考英语分项汇编阅读理解之议论文阅读（含答案解析）

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2023年中考一模英语分项汇编阅读理解

议论文阅读

01

You have tried too hard but you don’t succeed; you’ve made all your efforts but you don’t get the results you want. What should you do? Give up and turn over a new page. Drop it like it’s hot, and run in the opposite direction as fast as you can.

Do you feel surprised? What is wrong with giving up? Oh yes, we all have been trained and asked to work hard to achieve our dreams, and that is a good thing. The problem comes out when all these inspirational quotes (励志名言) start confusing us.

These messages tell people not to give up, but they don’t tell you that it should only apply to (适用于) your true dreams. They tell people to “try and try again” until they succeed, but that amount of effort should only be put toward what people really want in life and they should never give up no matter what life goals they have. The rest is all just there to confuse you, distract (使分心) you, give you a headache and sadness, so don’t let it happen.

If you are really not good at something, give it up and try to do something you like. Once you do something you like, you won’t feel bored and also won’t give it up. You know clearly what you want even the road to success is hard. So you need to know what you’re good at. To find your talent, you need to observe (观察) the things around you and write down the things you’re interested in on your notebook. Then you can search them on the Internet and know more about them. Asking your parents or friends for help is also a good idea because they can see something you can’t. They can help you know yourself clearly.

Try to discover your talent, your ability and your skills. Find out what you are good at, what makes you happy and then work on it. If you do, no one would have to tell you or inspire you not to give up because when you love something, you keep trying until you get it right and the enthusiasm flows from within. Don’t worry about what people will say or think. It’s your life, so you have to love it and be your own boss.

1．Inspirational quotes are suitable for those who ________.

A．are successful          B．have no life goals    C．have true dreams     D．never give up

2．Once you find something you like, you won’t ________.

A．achieve your dreams                                  B．feel bored or give up

C．know yourself clearly                                 D．continue it

3．You can discover your talent through some ways except ________.

A．observing the things around you.                     B．searching things on the Internet

C．writing down the things you’re interested in D．asking your teachers for help

4．The underlined word “enthusiasm” in the passage means ________.

A．happiness               B．curiosity                 C．ability                    D．sadness

02

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.

More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.

The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.

5．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?

A．Its variety.              B．Its distribution.       C．Its quantity.            D．Its development.

6．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?

A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.

B．They could not open and close their lips easily.

C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.

D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.

7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．Supporting evidence for the research results.

B．Potential application of the research findings.

C．A further explanation of the research methods.

D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.

8．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?

A．It is key to effective communication.           B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.

C．It is a complex and dynamic system.           D．It drives the evolution of human beings.

03

Before we upload a photo of ourselves to social media, like WeChat, we’ll use an app to smooth our skin, make our eyes look bigger, and give us longer eyelashes and fuller lips. With a couple of touches on our mobile phone, we’re able to present the best pictures of ourselves to others.

However, the problem is, when we simply edit our imperfections(瑕疵) away, we’re also changing the way we look at our ourselves.   1 

Last month, researchers from the US Boston University published an article Selfies﹣Living in the Era of Filtered (滤镜) Photographs. The article listed the bad effects of photo editing on people and the possibility to cause appearance worries.   2 

The researchers think that these apps make it difficult to tell between reality and fantasy(虚幻). “These apps allow one to change his or her appearance in minutes and follow an unrealistic standard of beauty,” the article says.   3 

In the past, people might compare their looks to those who were famous that time. But for today’s young people, beauty standards are most likely set by what they see on social media. “From birth, they are born into an age of social platforms, and their feelings are connected to how good they look,” a British doctor Escho said.

  4   “Now you’ve got the comparison of your real self to fake self that you present on social media,” Renee Engeln, a professor at Northwestern University, told the HuffPost website. He further pointed out that when people spend too much time comparing with others, they may become “beauty sick” and find it difficult to accept what they actually look like.

So when we look in a real mirror, we shouldn’t think to ourselves, “Do I look as good as myself in the Beauty Cam(美颜)?” Instead, we should think, “I feel good, I have my health.”

9．What may people do before they present the best of themselves on social media?

A．Wearing false eyelashes.                             B．Redding their lips before going out.

C．Using apps to edit photos.                          D．Smoothing their skin in the morning.

10．Where should we put the sentence “This is why many young people suffer an appearance worries when it comes to how they really look.”?

A．(4)                         B．(3)                         C．(2)                         D．(1)

11．Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A．Everybody looks as good as himself in the Beauty Cam.

B．These apps make it easy to tell between reality and fantasy.

C．The article listed the bad and good effects of photo editing on people.

D．People today pay more attention on how good they look than in the past.

12．What did the author write this passage for?

A．To call on people to care more about appearance.

B．To call on people not to use apps on mobile phones.

C．To call on people to spend too much time comparing with others.

D．To call on people to learn something more important than appearance.

04

Today, our children spend more and more time online. Many children spend a lot of their free time playing games on the Internet, on video game systems or on their mobile phones. In the UK, 99% of teen kids aged 8 to 15 play video games every week, and children as young as five play video games regularly (有规律地). This information tells that the advantages and dangers of video games must be carefully considered.

For many people, ________ They have bright lights, funny cartoons and exciting stories. Video games also make you think in a creative way and you have to move your hands and eyes quickly. This can improve the way that a child’s brain works. Video games also make children use their imagination (想象力). The player has to do many creative things, like drawing and building things. Video games are also a good way to teach children about technology because they can learn how computers and other devices (设备) work while they play.

However, a recent study suggests that video games can also be bad for children. First, children can download (下载) many games for free. They don’t need money, so they don’t need to ask their parents if they can download the games. This means that parents often don’t know if their children are playing violent (暴力的) or scary games. Second, many children spend too much time playing games on computers, smartphones and iPads and this can lead to health problems – children who spend too much time on the computer and don’t exercise can become overweight. Third, if children spend too much time playing games instead of doing homework, they can have problems at school and get bad grades. Finally, video games can affect children’s social skills, they might not learn how to play with their friends.

In conclusion, it seems clear that video games have some advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, they are fun and educational. On the other hand, they can cause problems with children’s health and social skills.It is up to parents to know what games their children are playing and how much time they spend on them. Parents should also make sure their children get enough exercise and spend time with other children.

13．What does Paragraph 1 really want to tell us?

A．Many children have fun playing video games recently.

B．Children at a very young age play video games regularly.

C．Playing video games has so many dangers that we don’t know.

D．The advantages and dangers of video games must be fully considered.

14．Which of the following would be most suitable for _________ in Paragraph 2?

A．video games may hurt their eyes.

B．video games can cost lots of money.

C．video games are fun and educational.

D．video games are as important as their lives.

15．Which is one of the disadvantages of video games?

A．Playing games too much may make children lazy and sleepy.

B．Some improper games may be downloaded by children for free.

C．Playing games may lead children to make too many friends online.

D．Video games can make the relationship between children and parents worse.

16．What can we learn from this passage?

A．Practice makes perfect.                               B．All roads lead to Rome.

C．Every coin has two sides.                            D．Reading makes a full man.

05

We feel angry or guilty about the things we did or did not achieve, about the things we can not have, and many other things. It seems that everyone carries their own bad emotions(情绪). But neither guilt nor anger can help us. Over time, they can be heavy weights on our shoulders.

These bad emotions don’ t do anything good for us at all. So you might ask yourself — is it possible to put down this heavy burden (负担) and give yourself a break? It is quite possible. Start by actually looking at your feelings. How do they get inside of us? Why do we carry them for so long instead of putting them down? Can we live without them?

By thinking about our bad emotions, we can find healthy ways to deal with them. Unhealthy behaviors are not the way to do this. They provide no relief. Instead, there are better ways to handle them. One of the best ways is forgiveness.

Forgiveness is a powerful tool. We should forgive ourselves first. We shouldn’ t keep bad emotions inside. We must also forgive others who have made us guilty or angry. This is not always easy. But when we learn to forgive ourselves, it becomes easier to forgive others as well.

There is nothing good about carrying years of emotional burdens. By forgiving ourselves and others, we can abandon our burdens and feel better about ourselves. The moment you do this, you will start to feel a lot lighter. Years of heaviness will be magically lifted! You’ ll start to feel like you have more energy and you’ ll be much happier with your life.

17．What is the first step to removing the burden of bad emotions?

A．Asking others some questions.                  B．Studying your emotions.

C．Trying to live without them.                       D．Finding ways to deal with them.

18．What is one way to deal with bad emotions?

A．Keeping bad emotions inside.

B．Forgetting the past.

C．Forgiving ourselves and others.

D．Finding good emotions to replace them.

19．What does the underlined word “abandon” in the last paragraph mean?

A．put away                B．carry on                 C．stay with                D．leave behind

20．What is the story mainly about?

A．How to become an energetic person.

B．How to deal with bad emotions.

C．Why we should forget about forgiveness.

D．What we should do to forgive our own mistakes.

06

California’s Silicon Valley shapes our lives. Until recently, that is. The rise of TikTok has hit the heart of Silicon Valley’s supremacy(最高地位). Along with other digital products coming out of China, TikTok has the possibility to reshape the future of technology.

It’s hard to overstate just how much of a switch(转变) this is. And Chinese apps, platforms and services currently look quite different from those in the West.

Already, the way Chinese-launched apps interact with users, and the services they offer within the apps, are influencing Western platforms.

In China, people do a lot of ecommerce(电子商务) and business through their apps. From shopping online to hailing taxis, socializing with friends and meeting up with strangers, everything you can do within one app. Western companies are taking note. Platforms like Facebook have begun to bring various features and services under a single umbrella.

Another way in which Chinese social media platforms are influencing Western ones is in how they present and filter(过滤) information. Facebook and Twitter recommend posts based on what your friends are posting and sharing on your news feed. TikTok and other Chinese apps like it try to learn as much as it can about you, and then direct content to you they think you’ll like.

Under the Chinese model of algorithmic(算法的) exploration and recommendation, users are less beholden(有责任的) to the personal content creators they follow. On YouTube, big personalities have become celebrities because of their ability to build a loyal fanbase(粉丝园). But on TikTok, anyone can become a star overnight because of a single video that proves popular with the app’s algorithm. That fame can disappear almost as quickly when the next big video is surfaced through the app’s code.

Given how popular that strategy has been, it could signal a broader change among other social media platforms, as well. If Chinese companies continue to play an increasing influential role in tech, our online world could look very different by, say, 2030.

21．The passage most probably appears in ________.

A．a travel guide          B．a science magazine  C．a research report      D．a product instruction

22．What is the FIRST paragraph used for?

A．To introduce the history of California’s Silicon Valley.

B．To express the importance of Chinese digital products.

C．To show the development of California’s Silicon Valley.

D．To describe the disadvantages of Chinese digital products.

23．What’s the main reason for TikTok to be better than Western digital products?

A．The big market in China.                           B．Its loyal userbases.

C．The advanced algorithmic.                        D．Its different functions.

24．Which may NOT be the possible future of technology?

A．Platform would make celebrities have more loyal fans.

B．Different services would be provided in one digital product.

C．People have a larger possibility of being famous on those platforms.

D．The algorithmic of TikTok would be widely applied to filter information.

07

Ordering takeouts is very popular nowadays because it is convenient. More than 60 percent of the people in China order takeout food at least twice a week. If people don’t want to eat out, they can just order takeouts on the smart phone and wait for it to be delivered (送达). What about people living in ancient times? Did they eat takeouts?

In fact, here was takeout as far back as the Song Dynasty. According to history books, Emperor Xiaozong(1127-1194) liked to order takeouts late at night. His servants then went around the city to pick up the dishes and bring them back to the palace.

Ordinary (普通的) people also ordered takeouts. Restaurant waiters would go out into the streets and yell out which dishes could be ordered that day. After hearing the waiters, people could then place an order. Later, delivery workers would bring food to their homes. In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeout worker can be seen on a delivery with food in hand.

People at that time even had a special meal box for takeout dishes. It was a long wooden box with several layers. People also used warming plates made of two layers of porcelain (瓷). Hot water could be put between them to keep dishes warm.

25．According to the passage, takeout has a long history of about ________ years in China.

A．900                        B．1100                      C．1000                      D．2000

26．The underlined word in Paragraph 4 “yell” probably means ________.

A．throw                     B．find                       C．shout                      D．give

27．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Many people like to order takeouts nowadays because it is very cheap.

B．Only the Emperor could order takeouts in ancient times.

C．People can see a takeout worker in Along the River During the Qingming Festival.

D．People used special plastic boxes for takeout dishes in ancient China.

28．Which can be the best title for this passage?

A．The emperor who liked takeouts

B．Takeouts in Ancient China

C．The advantages of ordering takeouts

D．The way to order takeouts in ancient China

08

“We said no to the invitation to the birthday party because my child says they’re not even friends.”

When I read the above words, I felt heartache.

I know birthday parties can be like a trouble, but let’s believe the parents who sent that invitation weren’t trying to get more gifts for their kids or make things more complicated.

For some kids, managing school and friends is easy. Maybe you have a child who’s outgoing, self-confident or maybe you have a child who doesn’t have any problems. However, for some kids, school and friends can be very difficult.

A birthday party is a fun, exciting and good opportunity. It is a chance for the kid on the sidelines to play with other kids who don’t play with him/her at school or who don’t call him/her a friend.

Sometimes even when the birthday party and the theme have been decided on and the difficult decision about whom to invite has been made, there can still be doubts. Those invitations can stay untouched in the bottom of the child’s backpack for days, because he/she is too scared to hand them out.

I don’t know your child, and I don’t know you. I do know there are parents who lie awake at night wondering if their child will have the courage to hand out the invitations in the morning; I do know there are parents who hope they can depend on other parents to teach their children to be kind enough to show up. Maybe you’ll never have to be one of the parents who find it hard. I know what that’s like, because I have children who find it easy. But I also have a child who doesn’t. And because of that, we’ve become a family that says yes to every invitation we receive.

Sometimes a birthday party invitation is not just a birthday party invitation; it’s also an invitation to be a friend.

29．What’s the author’s attitude toward the words in Para. 1?

A．Worried.                B．Sad.                       C．Interested.              D．Excited.

30．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Children are very different from each other.

B．Some children at school need special attention.

C．Children should be encouraged to play games.

D．Not all children can deal with school problems well.

31．To some children, what does a birthday party mean?

A．A chance to have some fun outdoors.

B．A chance to get many gifts from others.

C．A chance to play and make friends with others.

D．A chance to invite other children to their homes.

32．What does the author mainly want to tell us?

A．Kids really love going to parties.

B．Kids should learn to make friends.

C．Some kids aren’t good at making friends.

D．We’d better accept birthday party invitations.

09

In many countries, schools have long summer holidays, with shorter holidays in between. However, a new report suggests reducing the length of school holidays to stop children forgetting what they have learned during the long summer break. Instead of three school terms, it says, “There should be five eight-week terms. There would be just four weeks off in the summer, with a two-week break between the other terms. The annual (每年的) amount of holiday time would remain the same.”

Sonia Montero has two children at primary school and works full time. She supports the idea. “The kids,” she says, “have much longer holidays than me and I can’t afford to take several weeks off work, so I need someone to take care of them. But nobody wants the work in the summer months—they all have holidays of their own.”

Not surprisingly, some young people disagree. Student Jason Panos, says, “It’s a stupid idea. I really can’t imagine staying at school in the summer—I’d hate it. It’s totally unfair, too. The people who suggest this had long school holidays when they were young. But now they want to stop us enjoying the summer. They only need to look at places like Spain and America, where they have much longer holidays than here. The kids there don’t forget everything they’ve learned in a couple of months, do they?”

Nadia Salib, 14, agrees. “Sure,” she says, “the first week at school after the summer is never easy, but you soon get back into it. The real problem round here is that kids get bored after so many weeks out of school, and then some of them start causing trouble. But the answer is to give them something to do in their free time, not make everyone stay in school longer. We all hate that.”

33．Why does Sonia prefer shorter school holidays?

A．She thinks that middle school holidays are too long.

B．She doesn’t get any summer holidays in her present job.

C．She can’t get anyone to look after her children in summer.

D．She can’t afford to pay someone to look after her children.

34．What does Jason say about long summer holidays?

A．Schools in other countries don’t have them.

B．They can help children forget about school.

C．These days many older people have them too.

D．They have no influence on children’s education.

35．What does Nadia say about young people in summer?

A．They would like to spend more time at school.

B．Long holidays are very bad for their education.

C．Where she lives there is nothing for them to do.

D．They behave badly when they go back to school.

36．Which of the following sentences best explains the article?

A．They’ve changed all the school terms and some students are getting very angry about it

B．Some people want to change the school year but not everyone thinks it’s a good idea.

C．Everyone’s against the idea of shortening the summer holidays so they’ve decided to forget the idea.

D．Teenagers are very worried because there are going to be fewer school holidays in the year.

10

I have a question for all of us. Is all winning success? Winning is really, really fun. But I am here to share my views on what a real success is.

All around the world, we have created the win-at-all-cost cultures. As a society, we honor the champions. We cheer for those people who win championships, elections and awards. Winning at all costs has become acceptable. We have become so focused on that end result instead of the process, and particularly when the end result is a win, usually how we got there often gets swept under the proverbial rug.

We need to redefine (重新定义) success. Real success is developing champions in life for our world, win or

lose. We may be able to plan our way to a win, but we can’t plan our way to success.

Back to 1990, when I was first made the head coach of the UCLA Women’s Gymnastics Team, the best I could do was what other “successful” coaches had done. So, I became tough-talking and mean. I acted like a head coach whose only thought was to figure out how to win.

After putting up with me for a few years, our team asked me for a team meeting. And for over two hours, they gave me examples of how my arrogance (傲慢) was hurtful. That was my time-out, and I chose to change. I realized that I needed to support our student athletes as whole human beings, not just athletes who won.

It is so much easier to give orders than to actually figure out how to motivate (激励) someone to be better. And the motivation takes a really long time to take root. The key ingredient was to develop trust through patience and honesty.

Let’s think about what you are talking with your parents on the car ride home. Are they focusing on the end result? Are you excited to use that time to show you are a winner? All of you care too much about the end result instead of your steps of learning.

We are all coaches in some ways. We all have the responsibility to develop champions in life for our world.

That is what real success looks like, and that is what we call a win-win.

37．The underlined phrase “gets swept under the proverbial rug” probably means “________”.

A．catches little attention                              B．does some harm

C．shows the result                                         D．decides the success

38．The writer mentions his experience as the head coach to show________.

A．it’s difficult to teach athletes how to win

B．how his team won those championships

C．why his team asked him for a meeting

D．motivating others matters more than giving orders

39．Which of the following is a real success according to the writer?

A．A kid who shows the medals and prizes he won to his parents.

B．A player who tries to win a gold medal at the cost of his health.

C．A coach who respects his members even though the team didn’t win.

D．A parent who keeps asking about the grades his kid gets in the exams.

…………

参考答案

1．C    2．B

【导语】本文主要讲述了当我们努力工作却不能实现梦想时，就不能为所谓的励志名言所困惑，应该要懂得放弃，重新开始，试着做自己喜欢的事，努力发现自己的天赋、能力和技能，坚持努力，做好自我。

1．细节理解题。根据“These messages tell people not to give up, but they don’t tell you that it should only apply to (适用于) your true dreams”可知，励志名言适合那些有真正梦想的人。故选C。

2．细节理解题。根据“Once you do something you like, you won’t feel bored and also won’t give it up”可知，一旦你做了你喜欢的事情，你就不会感到无聊，也不会放弃。

…………