专题03 阅读理解之说明文-5年中考（2021-2025）1年模拟英语真题分类汇编（河南专用）

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5年中考（2021-2025）1年模拟英语真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解之说明文

（2025·河南·中考真题）

Sunshine does make people happier． Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days． Let’s discover science behind sunlight．

Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素)． When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin． Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits． At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical-melatonin (褪黑激素)． It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep． You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals．

However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness． People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight． The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day． That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine． They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time．

There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter． People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD)． People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness． The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time．

The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above． For example, your body produces Vitamin D (维生素D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy． In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover． So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?”

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

1．Which of the following can take the place of “are exposed to” in the text?

A．stay in               B．care about              C．dream of                D．depend on

2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A．What can help people to keep in good spirits

B．How light influences people through chemicals．

C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep．

D．Which chemical is thought to be more important．

3．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text?

A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter．

B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine．

C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day．

D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight．

4．Jack is a person with SAD．How could he solve his problem according to the text?

A．By staying indoors a lot．                     B．By taking in more fresh air．

C．By doing some exercise．                      D．By using man-made lights．

5．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph?

A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight．

B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time．

C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin

D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air．

（2024·河南·中考真题）

An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight． Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning．” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is． A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets． A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming．

Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years． In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors． They used signs in nature to forecast the weather． But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前)． They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts． Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts． Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming．

If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature． There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow． So pay attention to the signs． If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way． Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air． What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure． Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low． And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day!

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

6．What is the old saying about?

A．The beauty of sunrise．                         B．The night sky．

C．The signs of the weather．                     D．The sailors’ work．

7．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean?

A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV．

B．The persons who carry out research on natural history．

C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals．

D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions．

8．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2?

A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather．

B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting．

C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather．

D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather．

9．What do we know from the last paragraph?

A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places．

B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air．

C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure．

D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise．

10．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To encourage people to get close to nature．

B．To express the need for weather forecasting．

C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather．

D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is．

（2023·河南·中考真题）

Energy is the ability to do work． Solar energy comes from the Sun． There is also energy that comes from wind and water．

But do you know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy． You use your legs to push the pedals． Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike． That makes the bike move．

Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer． Some students at one school did just that! They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place． Soon they were producing electricity． This energy is needed to run their computers．

Here is how bicycle-powered energy works． When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins． The wheel spins the generator． The generator produces electricity． As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity moves through the generator． The electricity can be used right away． This energy can also be stored and used later．

People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans． They often use less than 100 watts per hour． However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge． This large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour． The electricity for these machines comes from power lines overhead or underground．

Pedal power can be seen in schools, gyms, and homes． What a fun way to provide electricity!

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

11．How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2?

A．By asking a question．                        B．By telling a joke．

C．By using an old saying．                      D．By making a survey．

12．What does the underlined word “spins” mean in the text?

A．Falls down suddenly．                         B．Breaks up completely．

C．Moves up and down slowly．               D．Turns round and round quickly．

13．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．The future of new energy．                  B．The forms of world’s energy．

C．Using bicycle-powered energy．           D．Producing bicycle-powered energy．

14．What do we know about bicycle-powered energy?

A．It can’t be seen in schools．                 B．It comes from wind and water．

C．It can be stored and used later．            D．It’s from power lines overhead．

15．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found?

A．Unit 1 Friends Forever                         B．Unit 2 Dream of the Stars

C．Unit 3 The Value of Money                   D．Unit 4 The World of Science

（2022·河南·中考真题）

There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work． Like people, animals need to rest after working hard． Some animals sleep in water． Others dig holes under the ground． Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves． But they all find a way to rest．

Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways． Fish sleep with their eyes open． They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest． Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea． This keeps them from moving away． Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep． Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them． The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep．

Some animals sleep under the ground． Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball． Their beds are made of leaves and grass． In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food． Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again． Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season． A frog may stay in its hole for months．

High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep． The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night． Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal． A bee may climb down into a flower to rest． When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work．

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

16．What animals blow bubbles when they sleep?

A．Sea otters．     B．Monkeys．             C．Desert frogs．        D．Parrotfish．

17．What do we know about chipmunks according to the text?

A．They rest with their eyes open．

B．They never sleep curled up in a ball．

C．They wake up now and then in winter．

D．They don’t eat any food during the winter．

18．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The forest where monkeys sleep safely．

B．The animals that sleep above the ground．

C．The reason why bees climb down into flowers．

D．The ways that keep animals away from danger．

19．What is the structure of the passage? (P-Paragraph)

20．What’s the best title for the text?

A．Where animals live?                            B．Why animals move?

C．How animals sleep?                             D．What animals feed on?

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参考答案

【答案】1．A    2．B    3．B    4．D    5．A

【导语】本文主要介绍阳光对于人们的影响。

1．词句猜测题。根据“Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素)． When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin．”可知，阳光会促使你体内产生一种名为血清素的化学物质。当你暴露在阳光下时，你的身体会分泌出更多的血清素。“are exposed to”表示“暴露于”，与“stay in”语意相近。故选A。

2．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍光是如何通过化学物质影响人的，故选B。

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