2025年中考英语一轮语法复习题型讲义
专题09 语法填空
目录 | ||
一 | 复习目标 | 掌握目标及备考方向 |
二 | 考情分析 | 语法填空中考考情分析 |
三 | 语法填空的
考向 |
1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
2.明确命题规律和提问方式 3.掌握不同题型的解题方法 4.提升必考题型归纳 |
四 | 真题感悟 | 中考语法填空经典考题精选 |
【复习目标】
1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
2.明确命题规律和提问方式
3.掌握不同题型的解题方法
【考情分析】
语法填空命题规律
【名师解难】
1.对于括号内所给出单词的情况
要先从词性考虑,一般名词考查单数或复数形式和名词的所有格。人称代词考查主格,宾格,形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词和反身代词。形容词和副词考查三级的变化或它们之间的转换。动词考查时态,语态
和非谓语动词等用法。数词考查基数和序数的区别或复数的用法。
2.对于不给出词的情况
一般考查冠词,介词和连词。冠词要看后面名词的读音开头是否是元音,另外,是否是特指等情况。介词要记住固定的搭配。连词相对最难,要从上下文判断,特别是先判断是什么样的从句,另外,要根据句子的意思,句
子成分,时态等确定关联词。有时也可能考查到连接副词等。
【网络构建】
根据设题规律,可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表:
一、语法填空解题步骤
一、中考语法填空题的解题步骤:
1.若是短文语法填空,就读首段首句,预猜文章大意;(若猜不出文章大意,就快速浏览全文);如果是单句,直接进第二步。
2.边读边认边填 ;(看要填的空有无提示词,有,是哪些词?用以上的方法去套用)
(1)考点分布一般比较均匀,除动词外,考点一般不重复。
【分配:名词 + 动词*2 + 形容词 + 副词 + 冠词 + 介词 + 连词 + 连接词 + 代词】
(2)有提示词均需要变形,且变形方向是固定的。因此想不出答案时可以根据考点依次带入排除。(比如3-4个无提示词的填空已经填入了冠词、介词、连词,则剩下的大概率是三大从句的连接词或者疑问词)
3.重读以检查核对。
二、语法填空考查内容
名词:
名词的形式变化主要有可数名词单数复数、名词所有格、词性转变、固定搭配。
名词单复数(依据:横线前有表示复数的词如a few,lots of,these,those,或者数量词等,或者there be句型中be动词为复数are或were形式)
名词所有格(依据:横线后又是名词且提示词的名词对后面的名词不形成修饰关系,而形成从属关系)
名词词性变化(依据:根据前后文词性判断名词是否要变化成相应的形容词、副词、动词等)
固定搭配[*无提示型](固定词组与表达方式,如pay___to首先想到attention)
动词【两大方向:谓语动词与非谓语动词】:
时态 + 语态
(依据1:前后文的时态和形式,或者时间状语;
依据2:特殊句型;
依据3:前后文的被动关系)
非谓语动词的三种形式 [doing,,done,to do](根据固定的搭配形式来改变动词形式,如want to do就要把do变to do,finish doing就要把do变doing)
【注意】实义动词与实义动词是不可能以两个动词原形的形式直接衔接在一起的,后面一个一定会变形。
比如实义动词want,play,practice在一起,可以形成want play(错),want to play(对),practice to play(错),practice playing(对)
因此,当做到动词题的时候一定要往前一个词看,找是否有实义动词,如果有,则横线上填写的动词肯定是非谓语动词的三种形式之一。【…动词 ______(动词)】
如果横线与前一个动词之间还夹着别的成分,那需要按着语法来判断。【…动词 + 代词/名词 + ______(动词)】
【用to do的其他形式】
1、后置定语(动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面)
如: 1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会 2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法
3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间 4、something to eat 一些吃的东西
5、something to drink 一些喝的东西 6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作
7、get / have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
2、It’s+形容词(adj.)+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样
【分析】形容词(adj.)修饰文中的事情既to do sth时,人前的介词用for ; 但是如果形容词(adj.)修饰文中的人既sb时,人前面的介词用of.
①It’s hard for me to learn English well.(句子 hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn English well,意为学好英语难,所以用的介词是for sb.)
②It’s kind of you to help me.(句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良,所以介词用of sb.)
3、It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
4、It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
形容词与副词:
形容词比较级与最高级(依据1:比较级看句子中是否有than,最高级看形容词前面是否有the或后面有没有in/of+范围的形式。依据2:横线前有even,much、a little/bit等后面需要用比较级的词)
固定句型(常见的为比较级的相关句型:the more…the more…,more and more。表示建议的句型:had better do sth。表示状态的句型:主语+ be + adj + to do)
形容词副词化(依据:提示词为形容词,空格后有谓语动词或者形容词;或者空格位于句首,用逗号隔开)
动词的ing与ed形式(依据:横线前有be动词或是后面有名词,则用ing形式;横线前有人称代词或人名,则用ed形式)
否定变化(如happy变成unhappy)】
注意:形容词是修饰名词的,而副词是修饰动词、形容词与副词本身的。
代词:
宾格(横线在谓语动词后面)
形容词性物主代词(横线后面有名词)
名词性物主代词(横线后面没有名词,前面有of或者前面有be动词等动词)
反身代词(横线前有和括号里同一类的且做主语成分的代词,此时把括号内的代词改为反身代词)
不定代词(一般以some/ever/any + thing为主,其次是others,another)
数量词考点:
基数词变序数词(横线前一般有the)
基数词变次数(一般只考once,twice)
单位词变复数(主要是百-hundred,千-thousand,百万-million,十亿-billion的用法)
注意: 300名学生——three hundred students(此时hundred后无s)
成百上千名学生——hundreds of students(hundred后有了of则要加s)
成百上千名学生——hundreds upon hundreds of students
介词:
单一介词(即介词表示某种具体的含义,如方向或时间,能够根据上下文含义推理出来)
动词、形容词、介词词组中的固定搭配,例如:come/be from,fall in love with……
注意:介词的判断依据除了看有没有词组,还可以依靠横线后的词性,因为介词后面只能接名词性质的词,所以后面要么是名词和代词,要么是动词ing形式。
连词考点:
根据词性判断(空格两边词性或结构一致,大概率是并列连词;一个长句被逗号或横线隔开,左右两边结构完整,有可能是连词构成的复合句)
根据逻辑判断(并列连词都是有很强的逻辑性的,可以根据上下文的意思来判断)
第一看横线前后的词性结构是否一致,如It makes us smart and healthy。此时smart和healthy就属于词性结构一致。
第二看横线前后是否有完整的主谓(宾)结构,如I don’t like her because she smokes too much。 左边主谓宾完整,右边主谓完整。
最后看逻辑关系,如果满足第一或第二,只需要把平常常考的连词代入去想就可以了。
【连词总结】and(常与both组合出现),or(常与either组合出现),but(常与also组合出现,形成not only…but also…),nor(常与neither组合出现),because,so等
注意:however是副词,常用作连词使用,出现的形式是单独在句首,用逗号与后文隔开:however,后句。也可能是放在中间,左右都用逗号隔开:前句,however,后句
冠词:
冠词分类:定冠词(the),不定冠词(a/an),零冠词(一般不考)
[空格后面一定有名词,或是被形容词修饰的名词。所以做题一定要注意往横线后面一直看,看有没有名词出现。]
定冠词与不定冠词的区分:the用于特指,第二次出现,形容词最高级。a/an用于泛指,第一次出现,固定搭配。[根据元音音素来判断用a还是an,【特殊例子特殊记】an + hour / honor / honesty;a + useful / university]
3、固定词组与搭配:take a walk,have a fever中的a就是固定的,by the way中the也是固定搭配
句子引导词关系词等【常考的:that / whether / if/which/who与各类疑问词等】
根据句子的结构和成分分析是考查定语从句还是宾语从句来判定
(2024·辽宁·统考模拟预测)
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短 文通顺、连贯。
Double Ninth Festival is one of the most important Chinese traditional festivals. People climb mountains, drink chrysanthemum wine(菊花酒) or wear zhuyu to celebrate it. The 1 (reason) for these things are told in a beautiful story about a brave young man, Heng Jing.
About 2000 years ago, in the River Ru there lived 2 devil (魔鬼). He made people sick. Heng Jing’s parents died from the illness, so Heng Jing decided to kill the devil. He went deep into the mountains to study kung fu and made 3 (he) strong. After learning the devil would come again to his home village on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, he went back. He 4 (lead) the people from his village up a mountain. He asked them 5 (carry) zhuyu and drink some chrysanthemum wine. It’s believed that zhuyu would make the devil scared 6 the wine would protect them from illnesses. And 7 (final), Heng Jing killed the devil. The whole village celebrated, because they 8 (save) by the brave young man. That is why today the festival is connected with mountain climbing, zhuyu and chrysanthemum wine.
Because “jiu” can also mean “long”, it’s also named Elders’ Day these days. It’s a day to show respect for elderly people and wish them a much 9 (long) and healthier life.
Respecting elderly people can be shown not only 10 this special day but also in daily life. Please respect and care for the old around us.
(2023·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测)
根据短文内容用所给词的适当形式填空。
Books play an 11 (importance) role in our life. Then which book is your favorite?
As a book lover, my favorite book is Robinson Crusoe. This book was 12 (write) by Daniel Defue. And so far, it 13 ( influence) many students like me. Every time I read it, I see a tall and strong Robinson. He is a brave man. I like him so 14 ( more). When Robinson was young, he 15 (dream) of sailing on the sea day and night. 16 (unlucky), after he grew up, he actually lived on an island for 28 years, where no people lived. During 17 (that) years, he had to experience hunger and fight against natural disasters (灾害). Finally, the great man succeeded in 18 (deal) with a lot of difficulties and went out of the island because of his fighting spirit and hard work.
The book moves me deeply. Our life cannot be lucky all the time. Just as the 19 (say) goes, “ No pains, no gains.” And only hard work can lead 20 (we) to a better life.
(2023·江苏宿迁·校联考一模)
根据短文内容, 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空, 使短文完整。
Major General Jing Haipeng, one of the first generation of Chinese astronauts, is the first Chinese person 21 (return)to space and travel three 22 (time)into orbit. On Tuesday, he would carry out a fourth space journey through Shenzhou XVI mission. So far, he 23 (be)a crew commander for the third time.
Born to a poor family in a village in Shanxi province’s Yuncheng city, Jing is the first child of his farmer parents. Jing studied very hard at school in the hope of 24 (go)to university to get the family out of poverty and make his parents happy. So he never 25 (buy)a single meal at middle school and lived on dry food and salted vegetables he brought from home. “The hard life had not only given me the courage to face so many 26 (difficulty)and challenges, but also inspired(鼓舞)me to chase my dream.” he said. “At middle school, I wished I could become a fighter jet pilot, protecting our motherland’s blue skies.” Jing said. The chance soon came in March 1985, the young man applied and took part in the choice process successfully. Three months 27 (late), he went to an Air Force flight college in Baoding, Hebei province. After five and a half years of strong training, Jing was designated to a fighter jet unit at the age of 24.
“I always told 28 (I)that top pilots only come from those who train hardest.” Jing said. In the years in the fighter jet unit, he 29 (consider)as an excellent pilot. In the summer of 1996, Jing was told 30 (experience)physical exams by his leader without knowing the reason. He soon learned that the body check was part of the choice for China’s first astronauts.
…………
参考答案
1.reasons 2.a 3.himself 4.led 5.to carry
6.and 7.finally 8.were saved 9.longer 10.on
【导语】本文主要介绍了重阳节的那些习俗的背后故事。
1.句意:这些事情的原因都在一个美丽的故事中讲述了一个勇敢的年轻人,恒景。根据“are”可知,主语需要复数,故填reasons。
2.句意:大约两千年前,汝河里住着一个魔鬼。根据“devil”可知,需要一个冠词表示泛指,devil是辅音音素开头,故填a。
…………
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