专题10 短文填空（首字母提示+汉语提示+语境提示+综合填空）-2025年中考英语一轮语法复习题型讲义（全国通用）

2025年中考英语一轮语法复习题型讲义

专题10 短文填空（首字母提示+汉语提示+语境提示+综合填空）

【复习目标】                                                                   

1．熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识

2．掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤

【网络构建】                                                                           

【考情分析】                                                                    

短文填空命题规律

【名师解难】

解题步骤：

（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；

（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；

（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。

无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。

【解题三部曲】

读】跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。

要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。

定与断】复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。

A．) 利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义．

B．)再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

验】读短文，上下参照，验证答案。

在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行综合验证，凡有

疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

【锦囊妙计】

第一招:金睛火眼(认真、细致地观察图画,就可以直接在图画中找到答案或信息。

第二招：有样学样（善于从下文或前文找一模一样的信息。）

第三招：放飞想象（答案可以在图画或文章中推测出来。）

第四招：姿势与实际并重(注意填写动词的时态、语态和名词的单复数)

短文填空解题技巧

首字母填空

首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。

满分技巧

1． 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。

快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。

2． 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。

把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。

3． 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。

在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

汉语提示词填空

此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。

综合短文填空

综合短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型，如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。

语境提示填空

无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。

（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。

（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；

（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；

（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。

（一）短文首字母提示填空

（2023·浙江·模拟预测）

根据短文内容，在每一空格内填写一词（首字母已给出），使短文完整连贯。

Life is not easy to most people, so when anything happens, be sure to believe in yourself． When I was young, I was so n    1     that it was hard for me to talk to anyone． My classmates often l    2     at me． Then I felt very frustrated．

I was really sad but could do n   3   ． Later, something happened, which changed my life． It was an English speech contest． My mother a    4     me to take part in it． What a terrible idea! It m    5     I had to speak in front of all the teachers and students of my school!

“Come on, boy． Believe in yourself． You are sure to win．” mother said to me．

Then, mother and I talked about many d    6     topics． At last I chose the topic “Believe in yourself”． I tried my best to remember all the speech and p    7     it over a hundred times． W    8     my mother’s great help, I did well in the contest． I could h    9     believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first prize．

Since then, things have changed for me． No matter what I do, I try to tell myself to be c     10      and I will find myself． This is true not only for me but also for everybody, I think．

（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）

阅读短文，在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。

On the first day of my second grade, my father asked me if I could read well． “Yes, I can．” I said． So he gave me a hand-painted map with street names and d    11     on how to walk to school． He handed me the map with my lunch box and jacket, and simply said to me, “Everything you need to know is w    12     on the map, so you should just read it carefully．”

I was standing in d    13    , scared to death, but he just kissed me goodbye, s    14     me out of the door． I didn’t know how long it took me to get there, or how many fearful and a    15     moments I had, but I did remember forever how I f    16     when I came around the last corner, and saw my school． I laughed and was p    17     with myself that I had made it! I wished I could tell him right then that I had made it． When I got home, I didn’t see my father． I couldn’t wait for him to come back and tell him what had happened． But when he came back, he r    18     silent．

Years later, I finally got the courage to ask him why he didn’t care about what had happened since I was so young then． He said, “I didn’t have to ask you． I knew． I followed you the whole way in the car, but f    19     enough back so that you could not see me． I saw you jump up and down with e    20    ． I felt what you felt．”

At the moment, I understood everything． Then I couldn’t help crying．

（2023·江苏镇江·统考一模）

短文填空

The English cultural and tourism magazine “Jiangsu Glimpses” has published a new one． It recommends beautiful museums, d   21    food, fun routes and spring folk customs in Jiangsu．

What winter takes from here, spring will give it b   22   ． After a winter of resting, the flowers in Jiangsu are budding（含苞待放） and the ducks can also f   23    the warmth of the spring river．

It has become a habit for Chinese t   24   to come to Jiangsu to see flowers in spring． The city flower of Nanjing, plum blossom, now is all around on the Meihua Mountain． “Fure Flower Sea” in Zhenjiang i   25    many flower fields which are like a colorful blanket． Spring comes and shines on the branches of these flowers in the south of the Yangtze River．

Tea is another g   26    that comes with the spring of Jiangnan． Many teas with poetic and beautiful n   27    are all from Jiangsu, such as Suzhou’s Biluochun tea, Nanjing’s Yuhua tea and Zhenjiang’s Jinshancuiya tea． During this period, the tea field provides nice teas and p   28    places for people to have fun． The tea has special taste b   29    different tea trees are planted in different planting sites． Nowadays, people can look for tasty tea and enjoy the best s    30     in Jiangsu, including transportation, accommodation（住宿）, sightseeing, and food． In addition to the tea fields, tourists can also walk into the tea houses and museums or picturesque villages around them．

（二）短文汉语提示填空

（2024·浙江杭州·浙江师范大学附属杭州笕桥实验中学模拟预测）

根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。

With the help of a virtual reality headset and a three-minute video, people can step into the world of 76-year-old Harry, who    31    (生活) with midstage Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)． They can see how difficult everyday life can be—even doing something as simple as    32    (刷) the teeth． Harry mistakes toothpaste for medicine, forgets to lock the door and is continually    33    (感到困惑的) about what time it is．

The headset will allow    34    (使用者) to experience the special disconnect and sensory impairments (感觉障碍) that a person living with Alzheimer’s disease experiences, said Christy Littlefield, an education program specialist and social worker．

Littlefield hopes the virtual reality experience will help caregivers, family and friends better understand what Alzheimer’s patients go    35    (经历)．

“When we launched it, we received different    36    (反应),” Littefield said． “Some people are sad because it let them remember    37    (所爱的) ones, but it gave them a good    38    (理解) of what it’s like to live with this disease．”

“We hope people will think of their    39    (自己的) experience and be more patient when they deal with Alzheimer’s patients,” she     40     (补充道)．

（2023·浙江金华·统考三模）

阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were    41    (几乎) lifelike． The artist’s influence had made him proud． One day the emperor wanted to get his image done, as a    42    (结果) he called all great artists to come and present their finest works, so that he could    43    (选择) the best． The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he showed his painting to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed． The    44    (睿智的) old man told him to travel to the Li River, perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world．

   45    (充满了) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left． When he asked the villagers on the    46    (岸边) of the river where he could find the great artist, they smiled and    47    (指着) down the river． The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the    48    (著名的) painter． As the small boat moved, gently    49    (沿着) the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water． He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue． And when he saw the mists (薄雾) rising from the river and the soft     50     (云) surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears． The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature．

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参考答案

1．(n)ervous    2．(l)aughed    3．(n)othing    4．(a)sked    5．(m)eant    6．(d)ifferent    7．(p)ractised/(p)racticed    8．(W)ith    9．(h)ardly    10．(c)onfident

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者原来很容易紧张，但是后来在妈妈的帮助下，经过努力，在演讲比赛中活动第一名，从而变成一个自信的人。

1．句意：当我年纪小的时候，我非常紧张，很难和任何人说话。根据“it was hard for me to talk to anyone”可知，我很难和任何人说话；再结合首字母可知，此处应是“我很紧张”，“紧张的”nervous，形容词作表语。故填(n)ervous。

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