专题06 任务型阅读之补全句子、补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合-2025年中考英语一轮语法复习题型讲义（全国通用）

2025年中考英语一轮语法复习题型讲义

专题06 任务型阅读之补全句子、补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合

【复习目标】                                                                   

1．掌握补全句子、补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合的考查方式

2．明确补全句子、补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合题型解题技巧

【考情分析】                                                                    

命题规律

近几年，任务型阅读这一新题型逐步进入中考题。任务型阅读主要考查学生实际运用语言的能力。它要求学生在阅读理解的基础上完成某些任务，考查学生的判断推理能力。

题型特点

1． 命题灵活，题型多样。

一般阅读理解题型多采用选择题，题型单一。任务型阅读题则可以通过一篇短文或一幅图表要求学生完成多项任务，命题人可以随心所欲地设计出多种题型，考查学生多方面的能力。

2． 贴近生活，凸显交际。

任务型阅读重在考查用英语解决实际问题的能力，学生需在任务的引导下开展阅读，其问题设置不仅具有真实性、情境性，而且也体现出一定的开放性。这样的设问形式贴近学生使用语言的现实生活情景，学生完成任务的过程既是分析问题、解决问题的过程，也是运用语言进行交际的过程。

3． 读写结合，重视输出。

任务型阅读改变了过去阅读理解单向的信息输入，侧重主动的信息输出，要求学生整合短文中的相关信息，然后根据题目要求回答问题或完成图表，综合性很强。

4． 语言精练，高度概括。

任务型阅读题目要求学生填表或给文章拟标题时一般都有一定的字数限制，要求学生在正确把握原文的基础上，充分运用自己所学语言，重新整合信息，运用规范、概括的文字准确无误地表达出来。

一、信息摘录

信息摘录是读写综合题型的一种。读写综合主要考查考生的语言实际运用能力，它主要考查考生从短文或信件中提取、归纳自己所需要信息并能够恰当运用所归纳的信息来表达自己的思想、叙述自己的观点的能力。

信息摘录的形式常为表格、图片或短文等，要求考生不仅能读懂文字信息，而且能够按照一定的要求记录和筛选信息并填入信息卡中。

答题策略及技巧

信息摘录实际上就是任务型阅读理解，要想做好此部分的题目，必须做到以下几点：

1．了解文字信息的大意。

2．主要了解“5w+1h”:what,who,when,why,where和how。

3．明确任务。

4．解题前要先明确题目要求，做到心中有数，然后带着问题再读文章，搜寻目标。要在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分，快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。

5．注意答案要符合题目要求。

6．若是写单词，则要注意拼写是否正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需要用什么样的表达方式，不可草率地将文中信息直接挪用。

补全短文、句子和多任务混合

综观近年来这几类的任务型阅读题，我们可以归纳出以下五类考点：

1． 中心归纳题

中心归纳题属于综合概括题，主要位于表格的标题处。这类题要求考生在弄懂全文的内容后，抓住文章的中心，然后对中心进行高度浓缩、概括，从而成为统领全文的标题。由于词数被限制在几个单词以内，因此这类题难度较大。考生必须具备对文章进行综合分析、归纳概括以及准确表达的能力。这类试题在考题中通常只占1题。

2． 段意概括题

段意概括题属于分析表达题，主要位于表格的左边栏。这类题主要考查考生对文章体裁、结构的认识及用语言文字的表达能力。如果文章是说明文，那么它的主题是什么？它的目的是什么？作者用什么方式、从哪几个方面进行介绍、说明的？作者通过介绍、说明得出了什么样的结论？作者提出了什么样的建议或希望？如果文章是议论文，那么文章的论点是什么？作者用什么方法、从哪些方面进行论证的？最后得出了什么样的结论？对于考生来说，这类试题有一定的难度，考生必须平时注意对文章进行分析，同时还应多熟记一些概括性的词汇，如：purpose/aim/goal; topic/theme; suggestion/advice; type/kind; way/means/method; effect/result; cause/reason; feature/characteristic; function/use; comment/assessment等。这类试题在考题中一般占2―3题。

3． 功能理解题

功能理解题属于理解表达题。这类题主要考查考生对句子、信息在文章中所起作用的理解。考生不能只停留在对句子字面意思的理解，而应该透过现象抓住句子、信息的本质，即它与前后信息的联系，它们之间究竟是什么样的关系，如因果、条件、让步、比较等。这类试题在考题中通常占2―3题。

4． 信息压缩及改写题

信息压缩及改写题属于活用题。考生只要通读全文，就能在文章中找到与试题相关的信息，但是由于所给的信息往往过长，考生必须对这些信息进行再次加工，将信息压缩、改写成不超过三个单词的短语。如The boy is eight years old这一信息可考虑改写为an eight-year-old boy。这类试题在考题中占2—3题。

5． 信息获取题

信息获取题属于基础题。考生一边阅读文章就能一边从文章中直接找出试题的相关信息，并且不需要任何加工就可将它直接作为试题的答案。这类试题在考题中占2―3题。

（2023·四川绵阳·模拟预测）

阅读短文，然后在文后思维导图内完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个词，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。

Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags． More and more businesses are switching (转换) to paper products as an alternative (可供选择的事物)． Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic． However, it is harmful to the environment, too．

Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees． Trees, as you know, can reduce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels in the atmosphere (大气)． They can slow down climate change． An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation (毁林)．

Secondly, the production of paper things requires more energy and water． About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one． You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water． This seems to be a good idea． However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process (过程) than to make a new paper bag． Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived．

Furthermore, paper products are heavier than plastic ones． That means they require more fuel to transport． Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags． The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away．

Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses． They are more expensive than plastic products． A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents．

The most environment-friendly solution is to avoid single-use things altogether． Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again． They are much better than either paper products or plastic products． Through increasing the use of these items, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!

（2023·四川成都·成都市树德实验中学校考二模）

Stay cool in ancient China

With the coming of hot summer, it’s difficult to imagine our lives without air conditioners． So, without them, how did the ancient Chinese cool themselves in the summer heat?

Although the ancient Chinese were more conservative（保守的）, the summer heat could drive anyone mad． To keep cool, women would wear thin silk clothes． These clothes were not just for women; men wore them as well． For people living in the middle and lower reaches（下游） of the Yellow River, clothing made of bamboo was popular．

Without fridges, natural ice was the key to making cold drinks in ancient China． In summer, in addition to cold wine, people also enjoyed icy litchi juice and shaved ice．

It’s said that Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China, loved to drink milk and would add ice to the milk to make it last longer in the summer． He also added jam to his favorite icy drink, creating the world’s first ice-cream prototype（原型）．

So where did they keep ice to prevent it from melting in the summer heat?During the Warring States Period, ice was kept in a device called bingjian（冰鉴） to make cool drinks, which was made of metal．

For the emperors in ancient China, especially during the Qing Dynasty, the Mountain Resort（避暑山庄） and its Outlying Temples in Chengde, Hebei Province, were places where they spent their hot summer days．

Besides, the royal family could also stay cool in the Forbidden City． There were five ice cellars （冰客） for ice cellars for storing ice throughout the year． In winter, thick ice would be cut from rivers and placed inside the ice cellars． No light or heat from the outside could enter the cellars． As many as 5, 000 blocks of ice could be put in each one, and the doors wouldn’t be opened until the next hot summer．

（2023·辽宁锦州·校联考三模）

根据短文内容完成短文后的思维导图，并将答案写在答题卡（纸）的相应位置。

From Shy Girl to Pop Star

For this month’s Young World magazine, I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang． Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness． As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class, and then for the whole school． Now she’s not shy anymore and loves singing in front of crowds．

I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous． She explained that there are many good things, like being able to travel and meet new people all the time． “I didn’t use to be popular in school, but now I get tons of attention everywhere I go．” how ever, too much attention can also be a bad thing． “I always have to worry about how I appear to others and I have to be very careful about what I say or do． And I don’t have much private time anymore． Hanging out with friends is almost impossible for me now because there are always guards around me．”

What does Candy have to say to all those young people who want to become famous? “Well,” she begins slowly, “you have to be prepared to give up your normal life． You can never imagine how difficult the road to success is． Many times I thought about giving up, but I fought on． You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed． Only a very small number of people make it to the top．

（2023·四川绵阳·校联考三模）

阅读短文，然后在文后思维导图内完成内容摘要， 每空不超过三个词。

Keeping a diary is a great way of recording your life． It will tell your own personal story． It is also an excellent way of expressing your thoughts and helping you to look back on the good and difficult things in your life．

People who write diaries are called diarists, and you can be one too． The first step is to buy yourself a good notebook． Finding a lovely notebook to keep a diary makes a big difference． Lined paper will help keep your diaries organized in a tidy and beautiful manner． You can also use beautiful covers to make your diary stand out．

Once you’ve got your beautiful notebook, the next important thing is to start to write． If you want to be a successful diarist, you have to write often to keep the ups and downs of your life． At least once a week is a good start． Set time aside to think about what has happened around you． It might be after you’ve had dinner or in bed before you sleep． If it’s part of your routine, then you’re more likely to do it．

When we write diaries for ourselves, we call them private diaries． Some diaries even come with a lock and key． Your privacy is important to yourself． If you really want to express your feelings, remember to talk with people you trust．

It is often difficult to decide what to include in a diary each time you set out to write． Different people may have different choices, but a good general rule is: write about something you did, something you saw, something you felt or something you thought, and you can use this rule in each piece of your diary． Some people write about their feelings and others like to record details of where they went and what they did or what is going on in the world． If you’re not sure of your style, just start writing and see what happens．

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参考答案

1．Avoiding single-use things/products    2．Reasons/Why    3．causing more deforestation    4．costing more money    5．Most environment-friendly solution/How

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸制品对环境的危害性，并建议人们尽量多使用可重复利用的产品。

1．根据导图“1”的位置可知，此处包含两部分内容：纸制品对环境的各种危害和解决环境问题的方案（避免使用一次性产品），因此导图“1”包含本文的主旨。故填Avoiding single-use things/products。

2．根据导图中“requiring more energy and water”和“requiring more fuel to transports”可知，这是在介绍纸制品对环境的危害，因此导图“2”应该是避免使用一次性产品的原因。故填Reasons/Why。

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