专题03三星堆黄金面具、编钟-2024年中考英语最新时文热点专题训练

2024年中考英语最新时文热点专题训练

专题03三星堆黄金面具、编钟、2400年前的冲水马桶、长信宫灯、世界最古老的面包

一、阅读理解

A

“Sleeping for three thousand years, waking up startled (震惊) the world.” The Sanxingdui Site (遗址), which shocked the world in 1986, once again surprised the world with its brilliant new discoveries (发现). One of the most wonderful is the Golden Mask. Experts introduced that the weight of the half gold mask found at present is about 280g. This gold mask will soon become the heaviest gold of the same period. There are also bronze square (青铜方尊), and so on, rich in variety, quantity and large body.

The unearthing of a large number of expensive cultural relics is only the beginning of archaeological (考古学的) work. To solve all kinds of problems and tell the legend of civilization (文明), it needs а long period of academic study. At the moment, the Study on the Process of Ba-Shu Civilization in Sichuan-Chongqing Region becomes an important project in China, focusing on Sanxingdui, Zhuwa Street, Xiaotianxi, Chengba and other sites.

About Sanxingdui, how many mysteries of civilization are about to be solved, and how many legends are expected to be confirmed, Chinese people are waiting to see.

1．How much might be the total weight of the Golden Mask?

A．About 280g.      B．About 560g.           C．About 140g.           D．About 280kg.

2．How many cultural sites are mentioned (被提及) in this passage?

A．One.                 B．Two.                      C．Three.                    D．Four

3．What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “relics”?

A．遗风                 B．文物                      C．遗俗                      D．艺术品

4．Which can be the best title of this article?

A．History under our feet                           B．Geography around us

C．Dynasties in our country                        D．Changes in our eyes

B

Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, America, has many “cliff dwellings”— places that are built into the cliffs (悬崖) where people once lived. They look almost impossible to get to. Who lived in them, and why did they live there?

People lived there about 800 years ago. Americans call them the Ancestral Puebloans (古普韦布洛人的祖先). They grew food on the mesa (平顶山), the flat land on top of the cliffs. They kept animals on the mesa, too. They travelled over the mesa to trade with each other. Why didn’t they build homes on the mesa?

One reason was the weather. Winters were getting colder and colder. The mesa was flat and open. There was no protection from the cold winds. Most of the cliff dwellings face south or southwest from the cold north wind. Another reason people did not live on the mesa is that there were more and more people to feed. Homes on the mesa would use land that was needed to grow food. Some people say a third reason was for safety. They say different groups of Ancestral Puebloans were fighting each other. The cliff dwellings were hard to get into, so they kept the people who lived there safe. Other people don’t believe it. They say the groups traded too much to have been fighting. Everyone agrees that these people were the skillful builders, who used every bit of space in the cliffs to make their homes.

5．How does the writer lead in the topic?

A．By telling stories.                                 B．By sharing experiences.

C．By asking questions.                              D．By explaining reasons.

6．What can we know about Mesa Verde National Park?

A．It is flat and open.                                B．Skillful builders built it.

C．It is in one of cliff dwellings.                 D．Some people used to live there.

7．What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

A．Weather.            B．Land.                     C．Safety.                   D．Trading.

8．Which of the following can best describe the Ancestral Puebloans?

A．Hard-working and wise.                        B．Rich and honest.

C．Warm-hearted but poor.                         D．Lazy but smart.

C

The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells (编钟) were uncovered from the Zeng Houyi Tomb in Suizhou, Hubei Province in 1978. They are historically important treasure of China.

The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells are hung at three levels and are set in eight groups. There are 19 bells in three groups at the top level, 33 bells in three groups at the middle level and 12 bells in two groups at the bottom level. Besides, there is a much larger bell used to adjust pitch (调节音高). The bells in each row are different from one another in shape and size.

The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells are hung on two sets of wood racks (架子), One rack is 7.48meters long and 2.65 meters wide. The other rack is 3.35 meters long and 2.73 meters wide. The two racks are perpendicular to each other, which forms an angle of ninety degrees.

The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells weigh a total of 5 tons. The biggest bell is of 153.4 cm in height and 203.6 kg in weight while the smallest bell is of 20.4 cm in height and 2.4 kg in weight.

Five musicians were needed to play the instrument in the past. These bells have no clappers (铃舌) and are sounded by striking. Because of their shape, each bell could produce two different tones (音色)—one if struck at the side, the other at the center. The whole set of chime bells is able to produce all the tones of a modern piano.

9．How many bells does the whole set of chime bells have in all?

A．45.                   B．52.                        C．64.                         D．65.

10．Which picture shows that two lines are “perpendicular” to each other?

11．What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us?

A．How these bells were played in the past.

B．How many musicians were needed to play the bells in the past.

C．Why the chime bells have no clappers.

D．How many tones each bell could produce.

12．The following paragraph can best go after ________.

In brief, there are more than 2, 800 Chinese characters relating to music and the making of the instrument on the bells. Instruments of such a scale and such fine craftsmanship (工艺) were quite rare (稀有的) in the world at the time.

A．Paragraph 1      B．Paragraph 3            C．Paragraph 4            D．Paragraph 5

D

What?A flush toilet（抽水马桶） from over 2, 000 years ago? Is that even possible?

Well, according to a research team in China, the answer is yes!

Not long ago, in the remains of an ancient palace in Xi’an, Chinese archeologists （考古学家） discovered several broken parts of a 2, 400-year-old flush toilet. They believe it might be the world’s oldest flush toilet. Although the upper parts of it are nowhere to be found today, what’s left is still in good shape.

“It is the first and only flush toilet that has been unearthed （出土） in China, ”said Liu Rui, a researcher. Everybody on the research team was taken by surprise when we found it, and then we all couldn’t help laughing.

Described by researchers as a “luxury （奢华的） object”, the toilet is thought to have been located inside the palace. The researchers believe this toilet was probably for important people between the Warring States Period and the later Han Dynasty. According to the researchers, this toilet might have been used by Duke Xiao of Qin or his father, Duke Xian of Qin. Liu pointed out that the toilet was probably set indoors and connected to an outdoor pit（深坑）. The servants would pour water into it every time the owner used the toilet.

There are many historical records about toilets in ancient China and some ancient toilets have been unearthed. It shows that the ancient Chinese already realized the importance of hygiene （卫生）. And to people’s surprise, it seems that there is not too much difference between ancient toilets and the modern ones we see today.

13．What do we know about the ancient toilet?

A．It’s broken.                                         B．It’s common.

C．It was made in a famous palace.            D．It is the oldest toilet in the world.

14．How did the researchers feel when they found the ancient toilet?

A．Mad.               B．Bored.                   C．Worried.                 D．Surprised.

15．What can we learn from Paragraph 5?

A．The toilet was hard to use.

B．The toilet was used outdoors.

C．The toilet was a luxury object.

D．The toilet was used by two important people.

16．What does the underlined word “ones” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Toilets.            B．Objects.                 C．Palaces.                  D．Records.

17．The passage is probably from a magazine about?

A．Art.                 B．History.                  C．Science.                 D．Education.

E

18．In which section of the newspaper can we read the news?

A．BUSINESS.     B．TRAVEL.               C．HISTORY.              D．ART.

19．Those dinosaur prints were found ________.

A．through a scanner                                B．by scientists

C．millions of years ago                            D．during a meal

20．The best heading for the second piece of news would be ________.

A．Come to Our Club                               B．Dig and Discover the World

C．Find Out Your Hobby                          D．Study Human Histories

21．Professor Luis finds the mural very valuable mainly because ________.

A．it’s connected to ancient society            B．it shows the birth of the mural

C．it’s the world’s earliest wall painting      D．it has a very large size

22．All the news above ________.

A．reports new archaeological finds      B．tells ancestors’ stories

C．describes the history events          D．says hello to the past

F

[Paragraph 1] Researchers have found the world’s oldest example of bread. A research team from the universities of Cambridge, Copenhagen and London found ancient breadcrumbs (面包屑) while on a dig in Jordan (约旦). The breadcrumbs were well-cooked and burnt, which is how they survived for so long. The researchers dated the crumbs and found they were roughly 14, 400 years old. This means that people in the Stone Age (石器时代) were baking bread.

[Paragraph 2] The researchers said humans were making bread 4,000 years earlier than scientists thought. The people who baked the bread lived in Jordan from around 12.500 to 9,500 B C． They were hunters who lived thousands of years before humans settled down to become farmers.

[Paragraph 3] According to Guarino, researchers earlier thought that ancient farmers learned to plant cereal (谷物) plants, which bakers then turned into bread. The new finding, however, changes the timeline, showing that at least some people were making bread from wild grain.

[Paragraph 4l The researchers discovered 24 burnt breadcrumbs. They analyzed them and found they were made from cereal plants such as barley, wheat and oats. Lead researcher, Dr Amaia Otaegui, said the bread took a long time to make. The ancient Jordanians(约旦人) began by grinding (磨) cereals into a fine flour. They then mixed the flour with water to make dough. After that, they baked it in the hot ashes of a fireplace or on a hot stone. The bread looked like the flat bread still made across the middle East (中东) today.

[Paragraph 5] Another researcher said the bread could be one reason for the agricultural revolution (农业革命) starting. Stone Age people realized it was easier and more convenient to farm the wheat for bread instead of gathering it from the wild.

23．What did the people who baked the bread in Jordan do?

A．Hunters.           B．Farmers.                C．Fishermen.             D．Businessmen.

24．When did scientists use to think hunters began to make bread?

A．About 14, 400 years ago.                     B．About 10,000 years ago.

C．About 12, 500 years ago.                      D．About 9, 500 years ago.

25．What does the writer want to express in Paragraph 4?

A．Show the taste of bread.

B．Prove the difficulty of baking bread.

C．Explain the process of making bread.

D．Introduce the types of bread.

26．What is stressed in the last paragraph?

A．The Stone Age.                                   B．The agricultural revolution.

C．The way of life.                                   D．The importance of bread.

27．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．The researchers said the ancient people became farmers first and then hunters.

B．It took people quite some time to make the ancient breadcrumbs.

C．We can’t find the flat bread any more in the world.

D．The breadcrumbs found by researchers were not cooked.

二、短文填空

A

阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

Before the invention of paper, what did the ancient Chinese mainly write on? The answer is bamboo slips. They were one of the    28    (early) forms of books in China. People usually wrote on them vertically. Restoring (保存) old bamboo slips is very important    29    they can help solve puzzles in history. Fang Beisong    30    (be) a researcher in the field of bamboo slip restoration. He has been restoring old books since 1988. He now works at the Jingzhou Conservation Institute in Hubei province.

A few years ago, some bamboo slips from the Han dynasty were found in Hebei. The writing on    31    (they) was not clear. Even worse, they had been burned    32    grave robbers (盗墓者). With a slight touch, they would fall apart. Fang led his team to test more than 70    33    (way) of restoration. Finally, they found    34    special material to help them restore the slips’ flexibility (柔韧性). They    35    (careful) cleaned the slips and restored them to the original shape. They then sealed (密封) them before    36    (take) some other steps. With the help of special modern technology, they    37    (get) clear pictures of the writing on the bamboo slips.

“We don’t want to lose the writing from ancient times,” said Fang. “Neither do we want to forget our history. That is why we love our work!”

B

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内的正确形式，将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。

We now have a good idea of what kind of clothes people     38     (wear) over 5,000 years ago. Scientists studied the pieces of material that were     39     the body of a man who died in Europe 5,300 years ago. His body was frozen under ice in the Alps Mountains. Archaeologists discovered his body in a glacier in 1991. They called him Otzi the Iceman. They also found bits of clothing and Otzi’s accessories and weapons. Scientists have analyzed (分析) everything they found     40     (get) an idea of what early humans looked like, what they ate and what they wore. They even have an idea of what Otzi’s voice sounded like. The scientists said Oizi provided rare and     41     (value) information about how humans used animals five millennia ago.

The research team said Otzi’s clothes were from several different animals. He had leggings that were made from goat leather. He wore a hat     42     (make) from brown bear fur. Otzi’s leather coat was stitched together from at     43     (little) four different kinds of animals. His shoes were made from different kinds of     44     (grass). Otzi’s body was also covered in tattoos. Scientists say these were for pain relief for his aching joints and not for decoration. Otzi was 45     45     he died, which was quite old for a man 5,000 years ago. He suffered from heart disease and bad dental problems. Scientists say he did not die naturally. He was murdered. Someone killed him by     46     (fire) an arrow (弓箭) at him, which     47     (hit) him in the head.

…………

参考答案

1．B    2．D    3．B    4．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三星堆遗址发现了黄金面具，大量贵重文物的出土仅仅是考古工作的开始，讲述文物背后的文明传奇还需要长时间的学术研究。

1．细节理解题。根据“One of the most wonderful is the Golden Mask. Experts introduced that the weight of the half gold mask found at present is about 280g”可知，半金面具重量约为280克，即黄金面具总重量大约是560克。故选B。

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