专题01 中华传统文化-2024年中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练

本资料来自专辑：

2024年中考英语热点时文阅读

专题01 中华传统文化

姓名：_________ 班级：_________ 学号：_________

（1）文章导读

阅读理解

A篇：七夕节：七夕今宵看碧霄，牵牛织女渡河桥。七夕节中国传统节日，国家级非物质文化遗产之一。千百年来，爱的赞歌跨越时空。那么，七夕节如何产生的呢？

B篇：春节与圣诞节习俗背后的古老传说。

C篇：犬子、楷模、令郎…..古人的称谓里大有学问。

D篇：买“东西”、意见相“左”……方位词折射出的中华文化内涵。

E篇：才高八斗、半斤八两..….那些数字里面表达中华文化的一些内涵。

完形填空

Cloze1中国传统经典故事——抛砖引玉。

Cloze2中国传统经典故事——程门立雪。

阅读回答问题：国学故事——德才兼备。

A、阅读理解

At night when the sky is dotted with stars, and people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south．On each bank of it is a bright star, which see each other from afar．They are the Cowherd and Weaver Maid, and about them there is a beautiful love story passed down from generation to generation．And Qixi Festival came into being, It is Chinese traditional festival which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month．Indeed, most Chinese remember being told the story of a romantic tragedy (浪漫悲剧) when they were children.

It’s the story of Zhinv, or the Weaving Maid, and her husband Niulang the Cowherd.

Niulang and Zhinv are both gods in Chinese mythology．Niulang is responsible for the heavenly cow．Zhinv is the youngest daughter of the Heavenly Queen Mother and the Jade Emperor．She is good at weaving（编织）and her job is to create clouds.

Niulang and Zhinv fell in love with each other at first sight．This was against the law of Heaven! The Heavenly Queen Mother felt angry．She sent Niulang down to the earth to herd（放牧）cows．Zhinv, meanwhile, was made to create colourful clouds all day long．She missed Niulang and kept crying.

One day, Zhinv and her sisters were allowed to take a bath on the earth．When they were bathing．Niulang happened to walk past．Zhinv immediately recognized him．The two were so excited! They got married and lived happily on the earth．They even had two lovely children.

But good times rarely last．After learning about Niulang and Zhinv’s marriage, the Heavenly Queen Mother sent soldiers to bring her daughter back．Niulang felt sad．What would life be like without Zhinv? Seeing this, one of his cows told him, “If you kill me and put on my skin, you will be able to travel to Heaven to see Zhinv．Unwillingly, Niulang did as he was told．Then, he set out to find his wife.

This made the Heavenly Queen Mother even angrier．She created a large river to separate the two．Unable to cross the river, Niulang cried all day and all night．The deep love between Niulang and Zhinv moved some magpies,（喜鹊）The birds built a colourful bridge across the river, allowing the two to reunite.

In the end, the Heavenly Queen Mother was also moved．She allowed Niulang and the two children to stay in Heaven．The family is now able to reunite once a year –on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.

This is how Qixi came into being．The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).

Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find two bright stars, identified as Niulang and Zhinv, shining on opposite sides of the Milky Way.

Qixi later became not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls．It is also known as the “Begging for Skills Festival” or “Daughters’ Festival”.

1．According to the article, why did the Heavenly Queen Mother send Niulang down to the earth.

A．Because he and Zhinv got married.

B．Because he performed terribly in his job.

C．Because he was impolite to her daughters.

D．Because he fell in love with her youngest daughter.

2．According to the article, when did Zhinv and Niulang meet again after Niulang had been sent down to the earth?

A．While Zhinv was taking a walk alone on the earth.

B．While Niulang was going on holiday in Heaven.

C．While Zhinv was bathing on the earth with her sisters.

D．While the Heavenly Queen Mother was sleeping deeply.

3．According to the article, how was Niulang able to travel to Heaven?

A．By crying all day and all night.

B．By killing one of his cows and putting on its skin.

C．By asking some magpies to build a bridge for him.

D．By begging the Heavenly Queen Mother for a chance.

4．We can learn from the article that__________.

A．Zhinv and Niulang now meet every year on July 7th

B．Zhinv is now able to see her children only once a year

C．in the end, both Zhinv and Niulang were driven out of Heaven

D．the Heavenly Queen Mother has allowed Zhinv to many Niulang

5．What is the passage mainly about?

A．The love story of Zhinv and Niulang.

B．How Qixi Festival came into being.

C．How Chinese people celebrate Qixi Festival．

D．What Chinese people do on Qixi Festival

B、阅读理解

When you think of festivals, which one comes to your mind first? For many Chinese people, it must be Spring Festival, while for most Westerners, it might be Christmas．There are many legends and customs about these two important festivals．They may look different, but both carry people’s best wishes.

A red and busy holiday

The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, is a time for all Chinese families to get together．And for kids, it may be the happiest time of the year.

Preparations for Spring Festival in China started far ahead of New Year’s Day．One common custom is to decorate doors with the characters fu and chunlian.

People stick the character fu, or “happiness” on red posters, upside down on the door．This is because the Chinese character dao (upside down) has the same sound as another dao, which means “arrive”．Placing fu upside down means the arrival of happiness．While chunlian, or spring couplets, refers to two pieces of red paper with auspicious (吉祥的) words written on them – they are usually glued by the sides of the doors.

In Chinese, we refer to “celebrating Spring Festival” as “guo nian”, meaning keeping the monster (怪兽) of Nian away.

It is said that a long time ago, a monster called Nian ate people on Spring Festival Eve．But Nian was afraid of loud noises, the color red and fire．So, people played drums and gongs (锣), set off fireworks and put up red lanterns to scare Nian．This is still how people celebrate Spring Festival today.

Tree carries best wishes

Christmas is on Dec 25, when many families in the West get together and enjoy the holiday fun.

On Christmas Eve, a grandpa is said to be very busy sending gifts to children．We usually call him Santa Claus, who always wears a red coat and hat．A reindeer (驯鹿) called “red-nose Rudolph” works with eight other reindeer to pull Santa’s sleigh (雪橇) so he can travel fast．Children hang Christmas stockings (袜子) on their beds and they find gifts in them on Christmas morning.

In every family, it wouldn’t be Christmas without a beautiful tree．Days before the holiday season, Western children begin decorating Christmas trees with colorful lights and stars．Where did the first Christmas tree come from? There are many stories about it.

One is about the German, Martin Luther．As he was walking through the forest one Christmas Eve, he saw millions of stars above evergreen trees．He thought it was beautiful, so he cut down a small tree and took it home to his family and put candles on it.

Another story is about a poor woodsman．He met a lost and hungry child on Christmas Eve and gave the child food．He woke up the next morning to find a beautiful tree outside his door．The hungry child was an angel (天使), and he wanted to thank the man.

1．Why do people often stick the character fu upside down on the door when Spring Festival comes?

A．because fu means happiness.

B．because it means the arrival of happiness．

C．because it is a Chinese traditional custom.

D．because it’s convenient to do that.

2．Why do people often set off fireworks on Spring Festival Eve?

A．because they like to be lively.

B．because they want to enjoy themselves.

C．because they think loud noise can drive away the monsterNian.

D．because they think it can bring them good luck.

3．Which of the following statement is right?

A．Spring couplet are often sticked on themiddleofthe door.

B．People often get together and enjoy their fun during Christmas and Spring Festival.

C．Santa’s sleigh is often pulled by eight reindeer.

D．The first Christmas tree only came from Martin Luther’s story.

4．What is the main idea of this paragraph?

A．How people celebrate these two festivals.

B．How these two festivals came into being.

C．Some legends and customs about these two festivals.

D．The same and differences between these two festivals.

C、阅读理解

Titles like “quanzi” and “kaimo” have rooted (植根于) themselves deeply into ancient Chinese history and culture．What do they refer to? Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are?

Modesty and respect

Chinese people in the past or even sometimes today call their sons quanzi (犬子)．They believe that dogs are humble (卑微的) animals．When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest (谦虚的)．Of course, most parents do have high expectations for their children and want them to be successful．However, they don’t usually talk about this in front of others．Instead, they try to play it down．This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses hansha (寒舍), which means “my humble home”.

Although people are modest about themselves, they compliment (夸赞) others a lot．They call their own sons quanzi, but others’ sons linglang (令郎), which is a respectful way to say “your son”.

Trees of character

In Chinese, kaimo (楷模) means “role model”．Both of these Chinese characters have a “木” on their left side．This means kai and mo might have been two kinds of trees in ancient China, although there are different opinions about this.

According to Duan Chengshi, a botanist (植物学家) who lived during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), there was a kind of tree called kai in southwestern China．It was said that there were many kai trees growing near Confucius’ tomb (孔子墓).The trunks (树干) of these trees were very straight．Some people thought they were like Confucius’ character (人格) – straight and upright.

Legend has it that the mo trees grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou (周公), a statesman (政治家) of the Zhou Dynasty (11th century-256 BC)．The color of the mo tree’s leaves was said to be pure (纯正的), making the tree a symbol of purity and integrity (正直)．Since the kai and mo trees grew near the tombs of two respected people, kaimo was then used to refer to role models in general, according to Sun Yi, a scholar (学者) who lived during the Song Dynasty (960-1279).

1．Why did ancient Chinese often call their son quanzi?

A．Because they wanted to express their modesty.

B．because they wanted to show off their talent.

C．Because they had a high expectation for their children.

D．Because quanzi is a great title.

2．According to Duan Chengshi, what was the kai tree like?

A．Its leaves were pure and had a deep meaning.

B．It grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou.

C．Its trunk was straight and upright.

D．It was a symbol of purity and integrity.

3．Why did Chinese use kai mo to stand for “role model”?

A．Because kai and mo both grew near Confucius’ tomb.

B．Because kai and mo both grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou

C．Because they had some respected characters which were similar to Confucius and the Duke of Zhou.

D．Because kai and mo used to be two kinds of the most popular trees.

4．What’s the main idea of this paragraph?

A．Some introduction to some titles ancient Chinese used.

B．Some ideas and stories behind some ancient titles.

C．What the titles “quanzi” and “kaimo” mean.

D．How ancient Chinese called others.

D、阅读理解

Many Chinese words include directions or positions such as “east”, “west”, “left” and “right”．For example, we say mai dongxi (买东西) instead of mai nanbei (买南北)．What is the Chinese history and culture hidden behind these words?

Up or down

We use shang cesuo (上厕所) to mean “go to the bathroom” and xia chufang (下厨房) to mean “go to the kitchen”．Why?

In ancient times, houses were laid out (安排) in a certain way．The gate of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part．

On maps, north is usually at the top while south is at the bottom．In Chinese, we talk about “the north” as shang (上) and “the south” as xia (下)．So people would say they were going “up” to the bathroom and “down” to the kitchen．

Ancient Chinese not only used shang and xia to refer to directions, but also social status (地位).Shang was seen to be noble (尊贵的), while xia stood for humility (谦卑)．For example, people used huangshang (皇上) to refer to the emperor and dianxia (殿下) to refer to princes who had a lower status than the emperor.

Left or right

In Chinese, we say yijian xiangzuo (意见相左) when we have different opinions．Why is it not yijian xiangyou (意见相右)?

Most people today are right-handed．They feel uncomfortable if they try to use their left hand to write or use chopsticks．This was true in old times as well．So in ancient Chinese, “left” was related to being different or opposing (反对) someone, such as in yijian xiangzuo．If people don’t follow commonly accepted beliefs and opinions, we say they are pangmen zuodao (旁门左道)．

“Left” and “right” also have something to do with people’s social status．For a long time in ancient China, “right” stood for higher status than “left”．For example, the character “佑”, developed from “右”, means a person in a higher position would protect someone in a lower position．On the contrary (相反), “佐” means low-status people would serve high-status people．

Where to buy things

When going shopping, Chinese people say mai dongxi, instead of mai nanbei.

One theory (说法) says that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang’an, the national capital at the time．One was called the East Market, and the other was called the West Market．When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market．As time went by, people started to describe shopping as mai dongxi.

Another theory is related to China’s trading history．Around the 15th century, the Ming Dynasty began trading with the world, and it so happened that most of its imported (进口的) goods came from the east (Japan) and west (Arabia, 阿拉伯半岛)．Markets sold “things from the east and the west”, which was later simplified (简化) to “east and west”.

1．Which word “shang” in the following phrases expresses the same meaning as the word “shang” in the phrase “shangcesuo”

A．huangshang（皇上）               B．shangliushehui (上流社会)

C．beishanglieche (北上列车)           D．shangke (上课)

2．Which Chinese phrase shows the cultural meaning of Chinese words mentioned in the passage?

A．左顾右盼        B．七上八下        C．无出其右        D．日落西山

3．People use “left” to show _____.

a．difference            b．protection c．different directions       d．low status

A．ab         B．ad       C．bc          D．bd

4.Which of the following statements is right?

A.“dong” and “xi” in ancient Chinese refer to markets.

B．If people have different opinions, we can say they are pangmenzuodao.

C．“Going down to the kitchen” means the kitchen is usually built in the lower place in ancient China.

D．“dong” and “xi” may refer to goods which came from the east and west countries.

5．What’s the main idea of this paragraph?

A．It tells us how to use some Chinese sayings.

B．It tells us what is the meaning of some Chinese sayings.

C．It tells us some words about directions or positions have different meanings now.

D．It tells us the Chinese history and culture are hidden behind these words about directions or positions.

E、阅读理解

Many Chinese idioms contain numbers, such as caigao badou (才高八斗) and banjin baliang (半斤八两)．Why do they have something to do with numbers?

A talented person

The idiom caigao badou is used to describe a talented person．It is based on a story about Cao Zhi (192-232), the younger son of Cao Cao (155-220), a warlord (诸侯) who lived during the Three Kingdoms period．

Cao Zhi was one of the best poets of his time.Besides his poetry, his fu (赋) was also excellent．His works, such as Luoshen Fu (《洛神赋》), are full of beautiful descriptions.

Xie Lingyun (385-433) was a famous poet who lived during the Eastern Jin Dynasty．He was quite proud of his own writing, but also admired Cao Zhi’s talent．He once said to others: “Heaven only gave the world one dan of talent, and Cao Zhi alone had eight dou．I deserve (值得) one dou, and all the other poets should share the last one dou.”

The dan used was an ancient Chinese measurement for grain．One dan is equal to 10 dou．The idiom can be translated into “eight bushels of talent” in English.

Standing tall

In China, people often say “standing like a 7-chi-tall man”（堂堂七尺男儿)．How tall exactly is a 7-chi-tall man?

When people say qichi naner (七尺男儿), they’re usually referring to a man who is tall and strong．However, it’s not easy to tell exactly how long seven chi is．As a traditional Chinese unit of length, the measurement of chi has changed often over time.

In earlier times, such as the Shang Dynasty (16th century-11th century BC), one chi was about 16 cm．So seven chi would be equal to about 110 cm．A 7-chi-tall man at the time would be a little person.

When it came to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280), one chi became longer and reached 24.2 cm．So seven chi would be about 170 cm, an average height today.

In the following dynasties, chi kept growing longer．It became about 30 cm in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and finally 35.5 cm in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)．It means that a 7-chi-tall man would be 248.5 cm．That would be a real giant!

Same difference

The idiom banjin baliang (半斤八两) means “same difference”．

One jin and eight liang used to be the same．Chinese people measured weight differently in the past．At that time, one jin (500 grams) was made up of 16 liang．So half of one jin was eight liang.

People used a steelyard balance (杆秤) to weigh things．It had 16 gradations (秤星) on its arm．Each gradation stands for one star in the sky．The 16 gradations stand for 16 stars – the Big Dipper (北斗七星), Sagittarius (南斗六星) and the stars of fortune, prosperity and longevity (福禄寿星).

It was said that if you cheated someone while trading, you would lose the blessing (庇佑) of these stars．This helped to keep people honest while trading.

After 1949, China started to do more international trade．To make things easier, we changed 16 liang for one jin into 10 liang for one jin.

1．From the text, “caigaobadou” first mainly described a talented person, his name was________

A．Cao Cao      B．Xie Lingyun      C．the other poets      D．Cao Zhi

2．What can we learn from Xie Lingyun’s words?

A．He thinks highly of Cao Zhi’s talents.

B．He thinks he deserves more dou than Cao Zhi.

C．He looks down on all the other poets except himself.

D．He thinks all poets should share the same amount of talent.

3．According to the text, how tall exactly a 7-chi-tall man in the Three Kingdoms period?

A．It was about 110cm．                B．It was about 170cm.

C．It was about 231cm                  D．It was about 248cm

4．Which of the following statements is not right?

A．The idiom “caigaobadou” usually refers to a talented person.

B．In ancient China, Dan only referred how much talent a person had．

C．The idiom “7-chi-tall man” usually refers to a man who is tall and strong.

D．Before 1949, banjin weighed the same as eight liang.

5．How did the belief in the stars help keep people honest while trading?

A．People who cheated others would lose the blessing of the stars.

B．People who cheated others would gain the blessing of the stars.

C．People who cheated others would become wealthy.

D．The belief in the stars did not affect people’s honesty while trading.

完形填空

Cloze1

During the Tang Dynasty, there lived a man named Zhao Gu．He was good at writing ___1___ and so many people enjoyed reading them．

One day, people who liked Zhao’s poems got together．They ___2__ about Zhao’s old works happily．But it was such a pity that Zhao didn’t write ___3__ poems very often．So they discussed how they could get Zhao to write．

After a while, a man said, “Zhao will travel to Yuhang in Zhejiang province．He will ___4___ visit Lingyan Temple because it is very famous.” He ___5___, “Let’s do something before he arrives.”

Finally they came up with a good ___6___．There was a wall in the temple for people to write．So they invited a man to write only two lines of poem on the wall．

After several days, Zhao went to Lingyan Temple．When he saw the two lines of poem on the temple wall, he could not help adding another two lines to make it a ___7___ poem with four lines．

When Zhao’s fans ___8___ it, they were excited．The man was not as ___9__ as Zhao, but the two lines led to Zhao’s wonderful poem．This could be described as “throwing a brick to attract jade (碧玉).”

Now people often express in this way when they give an opinion or a speech．It is a polite and modest way to show their hope in seeing other people offer something ____10____．Have you learnt it?

1．A．letters                     B．poems                          C．stories                          D．articles

2．A．said                        B．talked                           C．spoke                           D．wrote

3．A．funny                     B．useful                           C．great                            D．new

4．A．surely                     B．correctly                       C．suddenly                      D．carefully

5．A．wrote                     B．finished                        C．described                      D．continued

6．A．idea                        B．survey                          C．sign                             D．present

7．A．strange                   B．simple                          C．complete                      D．difficult

8．A．heard about             B．waited for                     C．cleaned up                    D．looked after

9．A．beautiful                 B．polite                           C．talented                        D．quiet

10．A．smaller                 B．worse                           C．better                           D．bigger

Cloze2

Respecting teachers has always been a tradition in China．Yang Shi was a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty．One day, he and his schoolmates had different ideas on a question．To get a ____1____ answer, he went to visit Cheng Yi, the famous philosopher．At Cheng’s house, however, the guarding kid told him that Mr．Cheng was meditating (冥想) in his ____2____ and asked him to go back．Yang ____3____ to leave, so the kid left him alone and went in.

After a while, it began to snow ___4___．The little boy came out again and reminded Yang that Mr．Cheng might spend the whole afternoon meditating．He invited Yang to warm himself in the house to ____5____ the wind and snow．But Yang kept standing in the snow and waiting outside in order that he could ask Cheng’s ____6____ on the question.

As soon as Cheng finished meditating, the boy reported that Yang was waiting outside．When Cheng ____7____ this, he came out to see Yang．When the door was opened, everyone was ___8____．The snow was more than a foot deep, but Yang stood still, without ___9___ his feet．“Young man, why are you so silly? You could have come again someday!” Cheng took Yang to the room at once．

Cheng was very happy and accepted Yang as his student because of Yang’s politeness and efforts．He told Yang all his philosophical thoughts．That made a big ___10___ to Yang’s life．Later, Yang really learned a lot and made great contributions (贡献) to his country.

1．A．simple                    B．correct                         C．long                             D．popular

2．A．farm                       B．car                               C．hotel                            D．room

3．A．hoped                     B．decided                        C．refused                         D．wanted

4．A．heavily                   B．early                            C．deeply                          D．carefully

5．A．find                        B．avoid                           C．catch                            D．hide

6．A．method                   B．rule                              C．record                          D．opinion

7．A．heard                      B．achieved                       C．forgot                          D．received

8．A．excited                   B．relaxed                         C．shocked                        D．bored

9．A．smelling                 B．washing                        C．cutting                         D．moving

10．A．difference             B．choice                          C．decision                       D．plan

阅读回答问题

There is a story in the book History as a Mirror (《资治通鉴》) by Chinese historian Sima Guang.

Zhi Xuanzi was the head of a big clan (家族) in the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period

(770-476 BC)．He wanted a clan member, Zhi Yao, to be his successor (继承人).However, another man in the

clan, Zhi Guo, was against the idea．Zhi Guo listed five strong points of ZhiYao．For example, he was good at

riding and shooting．He was decisive (果断的) and talkative．But Zhi Guo said that he had a big problem: his

morals (道德)．He had an unkind heart.

Still, Zhi Xuanzi didn’t listen to the idea．Zhi Yao became the head of the clan．With his leadership

abilities, he quickly made his clan the strongest in Jin．However, because of his aggressive style, three other clans

worked together to fight against the Zhi clan．Finally, the Zhi clan was beaten.

Sima Guang used this story to stress the importance of morals．Talent is not enough．He said that excellent

people must have both talent and virtue ．

Those who have virtue but no talent might work inefficiently (低效地)．Those who have talent but no virtue might not use their talent properly．Those who have both talent and virtue were called xiancai (贤才) in ancient times．If you ask which one is more important between the two, it must be virtue．Only if a person has virtue can he or she get on the right track .

In 2018, when President Xi Jinping talked with students and teachers at Peking University, he mentioned Sima Guang’s ideas．He said good education should develop both a person’s virtues and talents．Educators must follow this idea．As students, we can also make it our goal.

1．Who wrote the book History as a Mirror?

2．In ZhiGuo’s opinion, what were Zhi Yao’s strong points?

3．Why was ZhiGuo against Zhi Yao becoming the next leader?

4．What happened to the Zhi clan under Zhi Yao’s leadership?

5．What should excellent people be like, according to the story?

（2）文章导读

阅读理解A篇： 放假、纳凉、外卖……古代人生活方式是如何的呢？

B篇：中秋节和感恩节，都是与家人团聚一起的节日。

C篇：火锅、东坡肉、餐桌礼仪 ．．．．．．探寻中国饮食文化

D篇：国学故事。千金买马首。

E篇：国学故事。用人如器。

完形填空Cloze1中国传统经典故事——闻鸡起舞。

Cloze2中国传统经典故事——滴水穿石。

Cloze3中国传统经典故事——仓颉造字。

语法填空国学故事——见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也

A阅读理解

Weekends, air conditioners (空调), takeouts… are all common things for modern people．Have you ever wondered if ancient people enjoyed the same lifestyles? Let’s take a look．

…………

参考答案

（1）A、DCBBB

【解析】本文着重介绍中国传统节日-七夕节的来源。

1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的。Niulang and Zhinv fell in love with each other at first sight．      This was against the law of Heaven! ” 可知．牛郎与织女相爱是违背天规的。所以王母娘娘惩罚牛郎下凡放牛。故选D。

2．细节理解题。C根据第三段内容可知。织女下凡洗澡，偶遇牛郎，织女一眼就认出了他。故选C。

3．细节理解题。B 根据第四段中的”．．If you kill me and put on my skin, you will be able to travel to Heaven to see Zhinv．可知．牛郎杀了牛。披上牛皮才得以返回天庭。故选B。

…………