第2讲 八下要点回顾 that，if，whether引导的宾语从句-2023年新九年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新九年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

第2讲 八下要点回顾 that，if，whether引导的宾语从句

第一部分 语法

一: that,if,whether引导的宾语从句

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。

1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

二: 宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

1.陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。

He is an honest boy. The teacher said.

→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.

2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。

Does he work hard? I wonder.

→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.

三: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。

1.如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow.

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

典例

1.The policeman asked the little boy if ________ his home.

A.he could find B. could he find C. he can find

【答案】A

【解析】句意：警察问那个小男孩能否找到他的家。考查宾语从句。he could find他能找到，陈述语序；could he find他能找到，疑问语序；he can find他能找到，陈述语序。分析句子结构可知此处是if引导的宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B，结合主句中“asked”可知主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态，排除C。故选A。

2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

He told me that the earth is round.

宾语从句解题技巧

 宾语从句语法详解

that引导的宾语从句

that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。

一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法

1.位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。

①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：

She says that she will help me learn English this evening.

她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。

②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：

He is a good boy except that he is careless.

他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。

③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：

I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。

2.时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较：

He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

【特别提醒】

当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：

The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。

3.引导词that可以省略的几种情况：

引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：

She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。

I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。

I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。

He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。

I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。

I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。

Everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。

I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。

【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：

That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。

4.引导词that不能省略的几种情况：

that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。

①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；

We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。

②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：

He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。

③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

5.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：

We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.

小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。

6.宾语从句的否定转移。

在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：

①我认为今晚他不能来。

【误】I think he can’t come this evening.

【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.

②他认为我们现在不在教室里。

【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.

【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.

【特别警示】

含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：

I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？

He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？

7.如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：

We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he?

我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？

8.that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that …（据说……）；It is known that …（众所周知……）；It is reported that …（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如：

It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。

if/whether引导的宾语从句

当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。

I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。

Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.

爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。

Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。

He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。

【拓展】

一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。

1.与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。

I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。

I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.

Let me know whether you can come or not.

I don’t know whether he will win or not.

I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.

2.在动词不定式之前只能用whether。

He dosen’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。

Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。

Whether to go or stay is still a question.

I’m not sure whether to stay or leave.

I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.

3.在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。

It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。

Success depends on whether we make enough effort.

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.

It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

4.宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。

Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.

Whether this is true, I can’t say.

Whether he is single, I don’t know.

5.在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。

We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气）

We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气）

We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气）

6.在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。

He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.

注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t  doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。

第二部分  宾语从句专项训练

一、单项选择

1．We hope you ________ .

A．can come               B．to come                  C．coming                  D．came

2．—Will he come?

— I am not sure ______he will come, but I never doubt ______he will help us.

A．that; whether          B．that; that                 C．whether; whether    D．whether; that

3．You can believe in Jack. We never doubt ______ he is honest.

A．weather                  B．that                        C．whether                  D．if

4．Sunshine Town has changed a lot. I hope ____________it again some day.

A．you to visit                                               B．to visit

C．I can visit                                                  D．B and C

5．I hope ________my birthday party next Saturday.

A．you to come to                                          B．that you can come to

C．that you to come                                        D．you come

6．— Excuse me, could you tell me _____?

— Certainly, and the earlier, the better.

A．how long it will take to get to Hongkong

B．how soon can I take the direct flight to Hongkong

C．that I could buy a ticket to Hongkong

D．if I can book a direct flight to Hongkong online

7．The air in this room is not very fresh. Do you mind if I________.

A．write down the word                                  B．cut out the picture

C．tidy up the room                                        D．open the window

8．—Why was Tom crying just now? —Because he didn’t know _______.

A．that he could finish his article on time          B．whether he could finish his task alone

C．who can he ask for help with his problem     D．why did he get such a low grade

9．— The novel Black Beauty is very nice.

— So it is. Could you tell me ________?

A．how long I can borrow it                            B．if I can keep it for another week

C．when should I return it                               D．that I can borrow it

10．I don’t know ________ he will come tomorrow. ________he comes,I’ll tell you.

A．if; whether                                                B．whether; whether

C．if;That                                                      D．if; If

11．I don’t know if he _______ tomorrow. If he _________, please let me know.

A．will come; comes                                       B．will come; will come

C．comes; comes                                            D．comes; will come

12．I don’t know if he ____ tomorrow. If he ____ , I’ll tell him about it.

A．will come, will come                                 B．comes, comes

C．comes, will come                                       D．will come, comes

13．He asked me _______ I like the place _______ red.

A．if , marked in                                            B．that , marked in

C．if , was marked in                                      D．that , was marked with

14．—I don’t know _________or not.

—Neither do I. You may ask his teacher.

A．whether is Li Hua at school                         B．if Li Hua is at school

C．that Li Hua is at school                               D．whether Li Hua is at school

15．It all depends on _____ you can support us.

A．if                          B．whether                  C．that                        D．what

16．I don’t know ________he will call me tomorrow. ________ he calls, I will tell you.

A．whether; Whether               B．if; If                                  C．if; Whether

17．We’d like to know ________ or not.

A．whether he will come          B．whether will he come          C．if he will come

18．May I ask you __________?

A．if or not there is a toilet near here

B．whether is there a school around here

C．that there is a hospital in the neighborhood

D．whether we should hand in the homework at once

19．—What did your cousin say to you?

—He asked ________.

A．when I will go spring outing with him         B．that I would go spring outing with him

C．whether I would go spring outing with him

20．—Can you guess if they________speaking English with us?

—I think they will do if they________free.

A．will practice; are

B．will practice; will be

C．practicing; being

21．I never doubt ________ the Reed Flute Cave in Guilin is well worth ________.

A．whether; visiting     B．if; a visit                C．that; a visit             D．that; to visit

22．—The Dragon Boat races are so exciting, but our boat is still behind.

—Don’t worry. I am sure _______ our team will win!

A．that                       B．if                           C．whether                  D．Why

二、汉译英

23．我认为对学生来讲很难在如此短的时间内解出这道题。

__________________________________________________________________

24．我确信你们在中国逗留期间会过得很愉快的。

__________________________________________________________________

25．我认为我们应当防范交通事故。

__________________________________________________________________

26．我们从不怀疑David告诉了我们事实的真相。

__________________________________________________________________

27．然而，有些人认为养宠物狗不是个好主意。

__________________________________________________________________

28．一些人认为养宠物狗是个好主意。

__________________________________________________________________

29．上周一老师告诉我们太阳比地球大的多。(bigger than)

__________________________________________________________________

…………

参考答案

1．A

【详解】

句意：我们希望你能来。

考查动词。根据动词hope的用法，hop后接句子作宾语，此处为省略了引导词that的宾语从句。由于是未发生的事，排除D；C不构成完整句，排除C；hope没有hope sb. to do 的用法，排除B。故选A。

【点睛】

hope的常见用法如下：①作名词，意为“希望”，是不可数名词；②作及物动词，意为“希望”，其后跟动词不定式作宾语，即hope to do sth.，意为“希望做某事”；③作及物动词，意为“希望”，其后跟宾语从句作宾语，通常可省略引导词that，即hope(+that)+句子。

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