第1讲 八下要点回顾 现在完成时-2023年新九年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新九年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

第1讲 八下要点回顾 现在完成时

第一部分 语法

常见考法：

对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。

现在完成时基本结构：

主语+have/has+动词的过去分词

①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）

过去分词变化规则如下：

1．规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：

（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。

work→worked→worked              visit→visited→visited

（2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。

live→lived→lived

（3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。

study→studied→studied               cry→cried→cried

（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。

stop→stopped→stopped               drop→dropped→dropped

2．不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。

cut→cut→cut                             it→hit→hit

现在完成时用法

1．现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo．

我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。

2．现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：

He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

注意：for和since的用法。

①for + 时间段 译为：……时间

②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)

③since + 时间段 + ago

④since + 从句(过去时)

⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)

注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose…)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：

come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　   go out→be out 　　            finish→be over

open→be open 　　                          die→be dead 　　               buy→have

Fall ill→be ill 　　                           Come back→be back 　       Put on→be on/wear

Worry→be worried 　　                    Catch a cold→have a cold

现在完成时连用的时间状语

现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。

1．与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如：

We have lived in this city for more than 40 years．我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。

We have lived in this city since 1958．我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。

从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。

2．与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：

I’ve just found this library book．我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。

How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice．

她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。

3．与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：

How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？

The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years．

那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。

Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？

The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far．

迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。

注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等

现在完成时与一般过去时区别

1．侧重点不同

现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：

I have seen the film．

我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）

I saw the film three days ago．

三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）

Mr Green has bought a new computer．

格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）

Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday．

格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）

2．时间状语不同

现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：

She has lived here since two years ago．她两年前就住在这里了。

She lived here two years ago．两年前她住在这里。

He has been in the League for three years．他入团已经三年了。

Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night．昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。

第二部分 现在完成时专项训练

一、单项选择

1．Wanda Plaza ________ for many years, but I ________ there only once.

A．has opened; have gone                                B．has opened; have been

C．has been open; have gone                            D．has been open; have been

2．—Where is your father,  Jack?

—He________to New York on business．He________ the airport at 5 a.m.

A．has gone; has left for                                  B．has been; has left for

C．has gone; left for                                       D．has been; left to

3．—I haven’t seen Mr．Li for days.

—Oh, he _______ Kunming．He ______ the city three times.

A．has gone to; has been to                              B．has been to; has gone to

C．has been in; has been to                              D．has gone to; has been in

4．They ________ten years ago． This year they________ for ten years.

A．marry, got married                                     B．got married, have married

C．got marry, married                                     D．got married, have been married

5．They ________some places of interest since they ________China.

A．have visited; arrived                                   B．visited; arrived

C．have visited; reached                                  D．visited; reached

6．— The Greens have __________ Hangzhou for holiday.

— It’s hard to believe．They have __________ there twice.

A．gone to；been                                           B．gone to；gone

C．been to；been                                           D．been to；gone

7．— Lucy has __________ to London．How can I get in touch with her?

— Don’t worry．She will phone you as soon as she __________ there.

A．been；will get        B．been；gets              C．gone；will get        D．gone；gets

8．Wait a minute．Fifty percent of the class _____________homework yet.

A．hasn’t been finished                                   B．hasn’t finished        C．haven’t been finished       D．haven’t finished

9．Neither my father nor my mother ________ ever________ to the Great Wall．They plan to go there this summer.

A．has; gone               B．has; been                C．have; gone              D．have; been

10．—You have _______ the book which you borrowed from the school library too long.

—Yep, but I have renewed it online several times.

A．borrowed               B．lend                       C．had                        D．kept

11．The Grade 8 students in our school ________ here for one and a half years already.

A．study                     B．studied                   C．are studying            D．have studied

12．— Sorry, I forgot to return the novel．Iit for two weeks.

— It doesn’t matter．You can renew it.

A．kept                       B．borrowed                C．have kept               D．have borrowed

13．—I haven’t seen your English teacher for a week．Where is he？

—Sorry，I don’t know _______．

A．where has he been                     B．where he has been

C．where has he gone                     D．where he has gone

14． —You are late again．The class _________ for five minutes.

—Sorry．There’s something wrong with my bike.

A．began                                                       B．has begun

C．was on                                                      D．has been on

15．— How long have you studied French?

— _______ .

A．Since 2 years.                                            B．For half a year ago.

C．In 2009.                                                    D．Since 2011.

16．–– My father _________Shanghai with my grandparents.

––Really? _______ will they come back?

A．has been to; How soon                               B．has gone to; How soon

C．has been to; How long                                D．has gone to; How long

17．Come on, Eddie! The film ________ for about ten minutes.

A．have begun             B．has begun               C．have been on          D．has been on

18．Since we met in Suzhou five years ago, he and I ________ friends.

A．have made              B．have become           C．made                     D．have been

19．The Hunchback of Notre Dame is the best novel that I ________ these years.

A．have watched          B．was watching          C．have seen               D．have read

20．—Look! Someone ________ the classroom．It’s clean and tidy now.

—Well, it wasn’t me．I went to the playground just now.

A．is cleaning              B．was cleaning           C．had cleaned            D．has cleaned

21．—I have learned Chinese ________over 8 years．What about you?

—I have learned it ________ 2010.

A．for; since               B．for; in                    C．since; since             D．since; in

22．Cindy has ________ for five years．Five years ________ a long time.

A．left home; is                                              B．been away from home; is

C．left home; are                                            D．been away from home; are

23．—________ did you buy the house?

— I ________ for nearly twenty years.

A．When; have bought                                    B．When; have had

C．How long; have bought                              D．How long; have had

24．—Do you know how to enter for this year’s Suzhou Jinji Lake International Half Marathon?

—Don’t you know?  It ________ for over a month!

A．has been overed      B．has finished            C．has been over          D．has ended

25．Mr．White ________ his keys in the office, so now he has to call his wife for help.

A．has forgotten          B．forgot                    C．has left                   D．left

二、汉译英

26．从那时起，我们就通过电子邮件彼此保持联系。

______________________________________________________________________________________

27．你父亲出差去过多少个国家？

______________________________________________________________________________________

28．没人知道那位女士已经结婚多长时间了。

______________________________________________________________________________________

29．魔术表演已经始了半小时了。

______________________________________________________________________________________

30．自2009年以来，政府已经设法改善了我们的居住条件。

______________________________________________________________________________________

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参考答案

1．D

【详解】句意：万达广场开业多年，但我只去过一次。

考查现在完成时。根据for many years可知，“for+时间段”一般用于现在完成时，动词使用延续性动词。open开业，打开，瞬间动词，不可和时间段连用；be open开放的，表示状态，是延续性动词。结合句意可知第一个空填has been open。have been to sp去过某个地方，已经回来了，可以和次数一起使用；have gone to sp已经去某地了，说话时不在这个地方，可能在去那个的地方的路上，在那个地方或回来的路上。结合句意可知第二个空填have been。故选D。

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