第3讲 现在完成时-2023年新九年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新九年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

第3讲 现在完成时

第一部分  现在完成时的用法

常见考法：

对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。

现在完成时基本结构：

主语+have/has+动词的过去分词

①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）

过去分词变化规则如下：

1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：

（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。

work→worked→worked              visit→visited→visited

（2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。

live→lived→lived

（3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。

study→studied→studied               cry→cried→cried

（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。

stop→stopped→stopped               drop→dropped→dropped

2.不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。

cut→cut→cut                             it→hit→hit

现在完成时用法

1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.

我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。

2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：

He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

注意：for和since的用法。

①for + 时间段 译为：……时间

②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)

③since + 时间段 + ago

④since + 从句(过去时)

⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)

注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose…)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：

come/arrive/reach/get to→be in         go out→be out            finish→be over

open→be open                          die→be dead                     buy→have

Fall ill→be ill                           Come back→be back    Put on→be on/wear

Worry→be worried                   Catch a cold→have a cold

现在完成时连用的时间状语

现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。

1.与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如：

We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。

We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。

从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。

2.与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：

I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。

How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.

她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。

3.与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：

How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？

The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.

那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。

Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？

The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.

迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。

注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等

现在完成时与一般过去时区别

1.侧重点不同

现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：

I have seen the film.

我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）

I saw the film three days ago.

三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）

Mr Green has bought a new computer.

格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）

Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.

格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）

2.时间状语不同

现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：

She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。

She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。

He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。

Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。

第二部分  现在完成时专项训练（含解析）

一、单项选择

1．—Jim, turn down the music. Our baby is sleeping.

—Don’t worry. He__________ for half an hour.

A．woke up   B．has woken up   C．was awake       D．has been awake

2．Mr Jiang _____the company to develop the 5G network for years. Now he works as the chief engineer in it.

A．joined      B．was a member of

C．has joined D．has been a member of

3．—Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please!

—What a pity! It is eight o’clock now. It___________ for a while.

A．has been over   B．was over   C．has finished      D．finished

4．—Have you ever worked on this farm?

—Yes. I _________ cows as a farmer there for two years.

A．raised       B．was raising       C．have raised       D．will raise

5．— Li Yan is worried about her father who has joined the medical team to Russia.

— What a brave hero! I wonder ________.

A．how long he has been to Russia      B．how soon he’ll return from Russia

C．how many times he has been in Russia   D．whether he has gone to Russia before

6．Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________ what’s happened to him.

A．will know B．know C．have known     D．are knowing

7．Spacecraft________  made ________  possible for humans to research into the universe.

A．have; it     B．has; it       C．have; that  D．has; that

8．— I think the man over there must be Douglas.

— It ________ be him. He has ________ to Australia.

A．can’t, gone      B．can’t, been       C．may not, been  D．mustn’t, gone

9．— Where have you ________ these days?

— I have ________ Nanjing with my friends for a week.

A．been; gone to   B．gone; gone in   C．been; been in    D．gone; been to

10．Which of the following sentences is right?

A．He’s lent away the book for two weeks.

B．I have been the army since two days ago.

C．His father has left here since he was born.

D．I haven’t seen him for ages.

11．Mary said that she________ to Yangzhou.

A．has never gone B．had never gone C．has never been  D．had never been

12．—All of my classmates ________the PE test.      —________ exciting the news is!

A．have passed; How    B．have passed; What

C．passed; What an       D．passed; How an

13．— Mum, where’s my packed lunch? —In the kitchen. I ________ you two sandwiches.

A．make B．am making       C．have made       D．will make

14．—We have________a number of wild animals because of the________of their living areas.

—So it’s necessary to take action to protect wild animals

A．lose; loss  B．lost; loss   C．loss; lose   D．lost; lose

15．They say the bookstore nearby once________for over ten years, but the government has turned it into a hotel

A．is open     B．has opened       C．has been open   D．was open

16．—________ you________ which scarf to choose?

—Just a minute. I’m thinking about which one matches my dress.

A．Are; deciding   B．Did; decide      C．Have; decided  D．Will; decide

17．Not only his parents but also his friend         to Xiamen. They haven’t come back.

A．have been B．have gone C．has been   D．has gone

18．I like Hong Kong and I_________there several times.

A．have gone to    B．have been to     C．have been D．have gone

19．Stan Lee, a famous American comic book writer, _________for about five months, but the fictional characters he co-created are still alive on screen.

A．died  B．has died    C．has been dead   D．was dead

20．The boy in red ___________ the football club for 3 years. He can play football very well now.

A．has joined B．has been in       C．joined       D．was in

21．—Oh, your spoken English is very good, Linda.

—Thank you. I _____________in England for three years.

A．have studied     B．studied     C．was studying    D．study

22．My deskmate was once a top student but she _________behind since she began to play online games.

A．has fallen  B．fell    C．has felt     D．has been

23．Lily with her parents ______ Oxfam since two years ago.

A．has joined B．have joined      C．has been in       D．have been in

二、完成句子

24．因为记性差，这个老太太都不确定和她丈夫结婚多久了。

The old woman is not sure _______________________her husband because of her poor memory.

25．这部电影上映一周，但观影人数却已破万。

The film ________________, but the number of viewers has been over ten thousand.

26．这个男孩已经习惯于用日记的形式记录自己的想法。

The boy _________________________________________________________.

27．我的朋友两年前搬走了，从那时起我们就通过微信保持联系。

My friend ________ two years ago, and we ________ each other by WeChat since then.

28．从那以后，父亲就习惯三思而行，不再冒险行事。

Since then, father ________ instead of taking risks.

29．我们自从加入同一个俱乐部就成了好朋友。

We ________ good friends since we ________ club.

30．Kate____________（成为一名……成员） the dancing club since two years ago.

…………

参考答案

1．D

【详解】

句意：——吉姆，把音乐关小点。我们的孩子在睡觉。——别担心。他已经醒了半小时了。

考查动词时态。“孩子醒了半小时了”对现在的动作“是否要将音乐关小”产生了影响，故本句为现在完成时态；句中“for half an hour”表时间段，故此处应用延续性动词 be awake，在现在完成时态下与时间段连用，即has been awake。故选D。

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