专题09 人工智能与传统文化-2024年中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练

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2024年中考英语热点时文阅读

专题09人工智能与传统文化

姓名：_________ 班级：_________ 学号：_________

文章导读

阅读理解A篇:光盘行动十年之约，将光盘节能行动进行到底！

B篇：人工智能创作的作品归属权在谁？国内首例判决这样说……

C篇：“捡宝”的年轻人: 为旧物延续价值．

D篇：参观讯飞公司，感受人工智能的强大。

E篇：探究：为什么自信的人更容易被人相信？

F篇：记忆背后的怪现象—曼德拉效应：记忆的集体错乱。

阅读回答问题：中国传统文化—漳州布袋木偶戏：指掌间演绎非遗传奇。

语法填空：中华文化—甲骨文里的灿烂文明。

A 阅读理解（原创）

Since 2013, the Clean Your Plate Campaign has been started for 10 years． Although some achievements have been made, there are still some problems． We must not relax and implement this action to the end．

Nowadays，in China, more and more people are ordering their meals online． The number of online food orderers grew to 535 million as of June, which is a lot more than before． But there’s a problem – food waste is becoming a big issue． A study found that every time someone orders food, they waste about 57．5 grams on average．

Why is this happening? Well, sometimes when we order food, we get excited by discounts and end up buying more than we need． This can mean we leave food uneaten． To stop this, China’s government has told food delivery websites to make sure restaurants offer smaller meal sizes and to change how discounts work．

To help with this, these websites are using smart ideas like giving out e-badges to restaurants that offer smaller meals． They also remind customers not to waste food when they pay online．

And it’s not just the websites doing their part; restaurants are too! Some restaurant workers, like Li in Beijing, say that people can now choose how big they want their meal to be when they order． Another restaurant owner, Mao, offers smaller rice portions, which saves customers money and cuts down on waste． Mao’s small portions have become popular, selling about 500 a month．

Leftover food isn’t being thrown away either． Some smart restaurant owners are making “surprise boxes” out of food that wasn’t used． People can buy these boxes without knowing exactly what’s inside, which is fun and helps reduce waste．

China knows food waste is a big deal, so in 2013 they started the “Clear Your Plate” campaign, and in 2021, they made a law to prevent food waste． All these efforts are there to make sure food isn’t wasted and everyone does their part to help!

1．Why are people wasting food when they order online?

A． Because they can’t finish large meal sizes

B． Due to excitement from discounts and ordering more than needed

C． Restaurants are giving more food than necessary

D． Because it is cheaper to order food online

2．What did China’s government insist food delivery websites do?

A． Increase meal sizes

B． Prevent people from ordering online

C． Give e-badges to those who order large meals

D． Make restaurants offer smaller meal sizes and adjust discounts

3．How are smart restaurant owners helping to reduce food waste?

A． By offering bigger portionsB． By throwing away uneaten food

C． By creating“surprise boxes”from unused foodD． By discouraging people from buying meals

4．What is the main idea of this article?

A． Online food ordering is increasing in China, but it leads to food waste, prompting action from the government,

websites, and restaurants．

B． Food delivery websites in China are giving out e-badges to promote large meal sizes．

C． Restaurant owners are unhappy with the increase in online food ordering due to the waste it creates．

D． The Chinese government has banned online food delivery services to prevent food waste．

B阅读理解(原创)

The first copyright case (版权案件) about AI-created (人工智能生成的) images in China had its first result from the Beijing Internet Court (北京互联网法院)．

A man surnamed (姓) Li is a Chinese social media Xiaohongshu account (账户) owner． He used the software Stable Diffusion in February to make a picture． And then, he posted the picture on Xiaohongshu．

However, a lady surnamed Liu used the picture in March and cut off the Xiaohongshu watermark (水印) in her post in Baijiahao, a blog-style platform under Baidu．

The court found that this was an act of infringement (侵权) and said the lady must make a public apology and pay 500 yuan to Li．

The court decided that the AI-generated picture had “originality (独创性)” and that such pictures should be known as works and protected by copyright law (法律)． The court said that Li made the setting of the AI model based on his needs． The image was produced based on his ideas and showed his own expression． So, Li is the creator of the image and owns its copyright．

This case is not the only one raising discussion． Another recent case is about ChatGPT．

In the case of ChatGPT, the model is trained on a huge amount of text from many sources, so it could be argued that the creators of the source material should have some claim (所有权) to the copyright of the generated content (内容)．

However, it could also be argued that the creators of the model, OpenAI, should have the copyright because they created the program and wrote the code (代码) that generates the content．

The law is still not clear on the copyright issues around AI-generated works like this． Decisions on such issues are expected to change rapidly over the next several years．

1．What was the consequence for Li as a result of the court’s decision?

A． He was ordered to pay 500 yuan to Liu．

B． He was recognized as the copyright owner of the image he created．

C． He had to publicly apologize to Liu．

D． He was required to stop using the Stable Diffusion software．

2．What was the main reason behind the court’s decision to support Li in the copyright case ?

A． Liu used the software Stable Diffusion to generate her own image．

B． Li had not previously registered the copyright for the image．

C． The court found originality in the AI-generated image created by Li．

D． The watermark was removed from the image by Liu．

3．What did the court rule the lady named Liu to do for her infringement action?

A． Delete the image from Baijiahao．

B． Create her own AI-generated picture．

C． Make a public apology and pay Li 500 yuan．

D． Give the AI software credits for the image．

4．What is the main legal problem related to the ChatGPT case?

A． The images created by ChatGPT are not considered original．

B． It is unclear who holds the copyright for the content generated by ChatGPT．

C． OpenAI has already been assigned the copyright for ChatGPT’s outputs．

D． All text generated by ChatGPT is open source．

5．According to the text, what are the future expectations for legal disputes over the copyright of content created by AI?

A． The law will become stricter on AI-created content．

B ． All AI-created content will be freely accessible without copyright concerns．

C． OpenAI will be granted automatic copyright for all AI-generated content．

D． Decisions on these issues will likely change frequently in the near future．

C阅读理解

Trends (潮流) come and go． Many goods that people buy to keep pace with fashion end up in the rubbish bin ． Now, young Chinese people are giving these things a second life．

Called “stoopers”, they pick up idle goods and reuse them． They are mainly in big cities like Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou．

Chen Jiaorong, 27, is one of them． She started stooping in June 2022 when she found that many people were letting go of things hardly used after they were released from the COVID lockdown (封闭管控) in Shanghai． After that, she often “hunted treasures” in her free time． Now, her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing．

“Some say stooping means collecting rubbish,” Chen said． “But for me, it is about making the best use

of things．” That’s why she wanted to promote the trend to others． Sometimes Chen also puts eyeball-shaped stickers (小贴纸) on idle goods that she doesn’t need and posts pictures of them on social media for others to find．

With a hobby of keeping things since childhood, Huang Xiaohe from the Xishan High School of Kunming No 1 High School also loves stooping． Though the 12-year-old has few chances to go stooping in her city, Huang often looks for idle goods around school． Then, she cleans and redesigns them, turning them into fun things at home． The cotton from a found toy bear dresses a cloud lamp, bottles become decorations and old facial masks are used to make clothes for her Barbie dolls．

“I believe that any waste can be turned into treasures,” said Huang． She also added that stooping is an action to fight over-buying．

1． Which of the following can replace the underlined word “idle”?

A． cheapB． smartC． uselessD． lazy

2． What do we know about Chen Jiaorong?

A． She thinks most idle goods are rubbish．

B． She also bought idle goods from social media．

C． Many things in her apartment are from idle goods．

D． She found all the “treasures” during the lockdown．

3． How did Huang Xiaohe turn waste into treasures?

A． She used old clothes to make masks．

B． She used useless bottles for decoration．

C． She found waste around the city．

D． She bought idle goods at her school．

4． What is the main good thing about stooping?

A． It encourages people to start a second life．

B． It is good for people’s health．

C． It helps people make friends on social media．

D． It makes less waste and deals with over-buying．

5． What is the structure of the passage?

D阅读理解（原创）

In November, our school went to iFLYTEK for a study tour to get a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence (AI)．

The teacher first introduced some common knowledge and real-world uses of AI． For example, AlphaGo beat  the Go world champion while ChatGPT passed the Chinese Medical Practitioner License Examination (中医师执业资格考试) with high scores． However, most students questioned the ability of AI． Some classmates even said, “I don’t think AI can do things better than humans in many ways．” But after visiting, we came to believe that AI may be able to do things that humans can not．

Then we experienced iFLYTEK’s Starfire model． To test its functionality (功能), we suggested a Chinese writing topic about happiness that we had been thinking about for a long time． At first, Starfire gave us a common response so we weren’t happy with it． One student said, “This article has no standout (出色的) features． I think it should include some character descriptions ．” After many suggestions and revisions (修改), the AI’s final essay won our applause (掌声)．

After that, the teacher introduced digital humans to us． They can not only produce natural language dialogue for digital humans, but also use real human body language and make facial expressions． This is all done through facial recognition (面部识别) and motion capture (动作捕捉), making them more lifelike． This kind of innovation left us amazed．

We all saw the power of AI in different fields but realized that it still has a long way to go．

1．What was the main purpose of the school’s visit to iFLYTEK?

A． To compare AI with human abilities in writing and exams．

B．To gain a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence．

C． To experience the functionalities of the Starfire model．

D． To test AI’s ability to recognize faces and capture motions．

3．How did the students’ perception of AI change after the visit?

A． They remained doubtful about AI’s capabilities．

B． They believed AI had surpassed human abilities in all fields．

C． They recognized AI’s potential to do certain things humans can’t．

D． They concluded that AI had limited use in the real world．

3．What impressed the students the most about digital humans?

A． Their ability to win at games like AlphaGo．

B． Their capacity for passing difficult exams．

C． Their success in writing essays about happiness．

D． Their lifelike dialogue, body language, and facial expressions．

4．What can be inferred about the school’s opinion on AI after the study tour?

A． The school is now completely convinced of AI’s superiority in all domains．

B． The school is planning to integrate AI in teaching all subjects．

C． The school appreciates AI’s potential despite recognizing it’s not perfect．

D． The school is concerned that AI may replace many human jobs．

5．What is the main idea of this article?

A．The school’s visit to iFLYTEK was to showcase the school’s skepticism about AI．

B．The school’s study tour to iFLYTEK aimed to demonstrate the superiority of human intelligence over AI．

C．The journey to iFLYTEK was primarily for students to assess the writing capabilities of the Starfire AI model．

D． The school trip to iFLYTEK was an educational experience that altered the students’  perceptions of AI’s potential and limitations．

E阅读理解（原创）

Imagine this: one person tells a lie confidently, while another says something true in a hesitant voice． Which person would you trust?

According to British scientist Dean Burnett, humans are far more likely to believe information delivered (传达) confidently by a confident person or in some other ways using confident language．

“Humans trusting confident people over those who are more uncertain is an established phenomenon (已知现象),” wrote Burnett for Science Focus magazine． “When two people are trying to make a decision but each person says different things, confidently expressed arguments are seen as delivering better information, which decides the decision．”

Why is this the case?As Burnett said, humans are social animals． In our ancient past, most of our information about the world came from our tribe (部落), in other words, the people around us． So, if ancient humans heard someone confidently saying: “There’s a tiger coming,” believing what that person said could save our lives．

On a more personal level, we use our own experiences to understand what other people do and say． That’s how our brain works． When we are confident, it’s for good reason． Therefore, we believe that when someone else is being confident, they must have good reason, too．

However, we need to realize that confidently delivered information may be more persuasive (有说服力的), but that doesn’t mean it’s correct． As Burnett wrote, we are living in a more and more complex (复杂的) world． Trusting very confident people without checking the facts can lead to “undesirable outcomes (不良后果)”．

1． Which word is closest in meaning to “hesitant” in Paragraph 1?

A． confident   B． uncertain  C． believable D． complex

2． Which of the following is Burnett’s opinion?

A． Confident people are more likely to be trusted．

B． Uncertain voices are usually wrong．

C． Confident people like to make decisions．

D． Confident people are more likely to argue with others．

3． The example in Paragraph 4 is given to show that _____．

A． a confident person is usually the leader of a group

B． a confident person is brave enough to fight against animals

C． being social led humans to trust confident voices

D． confident words can raise the unity of a tribe

4． Personally, we trust confident people because we think _____．

A． believing confident people raises our confidence

B． confident people usually do things for good reasons

C． confident people usually look experienced

D． confident people express themselves better

5． What is Burnett’s worry?

A． People are too quick to believe what others say．

B． Information delivered confidently can be misleading．

C． Being confident is not a good thing．

D． The world is becoming more and more complex．

F阅读理解（原创）

This Dec 5 is the 10th anniversary (周年纪念日) of the death of Nelson Mandela, the former president of South Africa． He overthrew (推翻) the racial segregation system (种族隔离制度) in the nation and set people of color there free． You may know about his achievements． But do you know about the Mandela Effect?

The Mandela Effect describes a situationwhere many people have the same false memory． The name of the theory  dates back to 2010 when many people on the internet falsely remembered that Nelson Mandela died in the 1980s in prison ． But Mandela was actually freed in 1990 and passed away in 2013． US researcher Fiona Broome then created the term Mandela Effect based on this situation．

There are many other examples of the Mandela Effect． In 2022 in China, there was a heated discussion online about the sentence by Mencius: “Thus when Heaven is about to confer a great office on any man ．．． ” (“故天将降大任于斯/是人也”)． Most people remembered it was “si (斯)”, while others insisted (坚称) it was “shi (是)”． Later, People’s Education Press ended the discussion by saying that all its textbooks say shi． What do you remember it as?

Psychologists (心理学家) have looked into the reasons for the Mandela Effect． For example, your mind may try to fill in missing gaps (空白) in your memory to make more sense of it, which is called confabulation (虚构症)． However, this is not lying, but rather remembering details that never happened．

The internet may be another reason for the Mandela Effect, as the news we read can be false from the beginning． In 2018, a study of over 100,000 news stories showed that false news can spread faster and reach more people than the truth． As a powerful way to spread information, the internet might be the main reason for false information to enter our minds these days．

1． What does the Mandela Effect have to do with Nelson Mandela?

A． Nelson Mandela created the term．

B． The theory was tested on Nelson Mandela．

C． The term came from an event related to Nelson Mandela．

D． The term was created to remember Nelson Mandela’s death．

2． What is the Mandela Effect?

A． It’s a situation where many people remember something wrong．

B． It’s a situation where people hide the truth by telling lies．

C． It’s a situation where we forget something completely．

D． It’s about the different memories of different people on one thing．

3． What’s the truth in the case of “si” and “shi”?

A． “Shi” and “si” are both correct．B． “Shi” is the correct one．

C． “Si” was wrongly used for a short period．D． “Si” is recorded in ancient books．

4． According to psychologists, the Mandela Effect is more likely to happen when _____．

A． we focus too much on details

B． we lose the memory of something

C． we tell a lie about something

D． we get wrong information online

5． What’s the structure of the story?

阅读回答问题(原创)

Zhangzhou hand puppetry (漳州布袋木偶戏) has a history of over 1,000 years． Hand puppet shows require performers to have direct control of their hands． A performer often uses the palm (手掌) as the body of the puppet and the index finger (食指) to support the head, while the thumb (大拇指) and the other three fingers support the left and right arms． Highly skilled artists can perform with two puppets, each with different personalities (个性), at the same time． In 2006, Zhangzhou hand puppetry was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage．

A master’s story

Zhuang Yanhong is a 55-year-old inheritor (传承人) of Zhangzhou hand puppetry． She was born into a “hand puppetry family”． So, her love for it started in her childhood． “My father is a national-level inheritor and my mother a costume designer (服装设计师) for hand puppets,” said Zhuang． Zhuang had studied in a professional art school since the age of 10 and was able to perform with masters (大师) across the country at age 16．

According to Zhuang, hand puppet shows became less popular with the rise of TV dramas． To save the old art and make it alive again, creative inheritors have been doing what they can to give it a modern touch． “The puppetry has become much more realistic (逼真的) after flexible (灵活的) arms and legs with joints (关节) were invented． It has also [borrowed] from other show forms like Peking Opera, modern TV drama and animation (动画片),” Zhuang said．

Zhuang believes the art has a bright future． “There is no limit (限制) [to] hand puppetry because it often requires much imagination and creativity in nature． I’m looking forward to more of its new, creative forms in the future．”

1．Which finger does the performer use to control the head of the hand puppets?

2． When did Zhuang Yanhong develop an interest in hand puppetry?

3． What did creative inheritors do to save hand puppet shows?

4． What does Zhuang think about the future of hand puppet shows?

5．Why did hand puppet shows decline in popularity, as observed by Zhuang Yanhong?

语法填空（原创）

How do we know about things that happened thousands of years ago, when there were no videos or photos? One answer is written records． The earliest written records of Chinese civilization (文明) are known 1．_________ oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文)．

More than 3,000 years ago, people in the Shang Dynasty (16th – 11th century BC) 2．__________(like) to ask fortune tellers (占卜师) about the future． For example, what will the weather be like next week? Where should I go to make money? Will my wife give birth to a boy or a girl? From work to love, people asked questions about many topics． The fortune teller would write the question on 3．___________oracle bone, heat it up, and then read the cracks (裂纹) in it 4．__________(find )an answer．

Tens of thousands of oracle bones have been found so far． They can tell us a great deal about how people lived during the Shang Dynasty． “They help us understand the origins of Chinese philosophy (哲学) and thought, and figure out 5．__________ our culture comes from,” Song Zhenhao, a leading oracle bone expert．

In addition to telling us about ancient Chinese culture, the oracle bones are also key to 6．_________(understand) the growth and 7____________(develop) of the written form of the Chinese language． Many of the characters we use today are similar to those that 8．__________(use)3,000 years ago． “The oracle bone inscriptions, as the earliest-known mature (成熟的) form of Chinese characters, represent the beauty and uniqueness of a language 9．________  has been passed down consistently (持续地),” said Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University．

In 2017, UNESCO added oracle bone inscriptions to its Memory of the World Register (“世界记忆”名录)． They are indeed a 10．___________(value)  memory of ancient China．

…………

参考答案

A 阅读理解（原创）

【答案】BDCA

【解析】光盘行动开始10年。中国线上订餐人数增多，食物浪费现象突出。政府和餐馆推行减量措施，倡导“光盘行动”，合力减少浪费

1．文章第二段说明了人们为什么在在线订餐时会浪费食物：“Well, sometimes when we order food, we get excited by discounts and end up buying more than we need．”这表明因为折扣激励人们买得过多而造成的兴奋导致食物浪费。

…………