专题08 OpenAI与生活感悟-2024年中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练

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2024年中考英语热点时文阅读

专题08  OpenAI与生活感悟

姓名：_________ 班级：_________ 学号：_________

文章导读

阅读理解 A篇：OpenAI“宫斗”凸显技术发展岔路口。

  B篇：工信部出手！开屏广告“摇一摇”、弹窗难关闭将被规范。

C篇：动物表演运动引争议，是“娱乐”还是“伤害”？

D篇：现在影片为何越来越长？长度背后的原因并不简单

E篇：生活感悟：生命和逝去不代表结束，而是在死亡后继续。

F篇：惠民便民，社区食堂正走红。

阅读回答问题：用颜色辨别性格。

语法填空：郑板桥名诗《竹石》赏析——艰难方显勇毅, 磨砺始得玉成。

A 阅读理解（试题为原创）

OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT, had some big changes in its leadership (领导层) in November． It’s not just drama (戏剧性场面) of one company – it made people worried about the development of the field as a whole．

On Nov 17, OpenAI said on its website that Sam Altman, one of its founders and CEO, would leave． However, many workers didn’t agree with this． More than 700 out of about 770 OpenAI workers signed a letter to ask the company to bring Altman back． In just five days, Altman was back as company CEO again．

OpenAI was started in 2015 by Altman and others as a non-profit (非营利性的) research organization． They didn’t want to be driven by a need to make money． Instead, they wanted to make AI tools that could help everyone．  In 2019, OpenAI changed a bit． They made a part of the company start to make money for investors (投资人)． But the non-profit part keeps control of the business, even going so far to fire (开除) its top boss．

The different opinions of the board (董事会) members toward AI development might be one reason for the drama． According to The New York Times, the people who fired Altman are more worried about AI and called for more rules to keep it in check． Altman, however, saw the further development of AI as more important．

The OpenAI drama “shows how fragile (脆弱的) the AI ecosystem (生态系统) is right now”, Johann Laux, an expert in the UK, told AP． The ecosystem is about all kinds of things related to AI, such as technologies and regulations (监管)． They need to keep up with the fast development of AI．

Also, according to AP, many experts think it should be governments, not big tech companies, to decide on rules for AI． EnzaIannopollo from research company Forrester said to AP that Altman’s return stopped the board from trying to introduce more rules about AI’s ethical (伦理的) problems． The lesson is that companies alone can’t make AI safe for everyone, Iannopollo said．

1． OpenAI was set up in the first place to _____．

A． develop helpful AI tools                       B． make big money

C． build an AI ecosystem                         D． control the AI field

2． Altman might have been fired because _____．

A． he called for more rules on AI                  B． he paid less attention to the rules on AI

C． he was against the development of AI           D． he sided with most investors

3． According to the article, which part of OpenAI keeps control of the business after their restructure in 2019?

A． The profit-driven part    B． The investors    C． The non-profit part     D． The government

4． According to Johann Laux, right now the AI ecosystem is _____．

A． incomplete        B． strong            C． fast-growing    D． standing still

5． What can we learn from the news?

A． OpenAI will stop running without Sam Altman．

B． Competition is common inside big companies．

C． AI safety depends on the joint efforts of many sides．

D． Altman’s return will lead OpenAI to an uncertain future．

B 阅读理解（试题为原创）

When you open a certain mobile app, there’s usually an open-app advertisement that gets in your way． Some of these ads can send you to another app if you shake your phone a bit． And this has been causing heated discussion online recently．

These open-app ads act like “doors” – no matter which app you open, you may always end up in those apps that have more ads． During online shopping festivals, for example, users are usually led to shopping apps like Taobao and JD．

There are already a number of regulations (法规) on this problem． A regulation that came out in December 2022 gave specific rules for how these “shake-to-open” ads should operate． It said that the rotation angle (旋转角度) of the phone should be larger than 35 degrees, and the time spent shaking the phone should be longer than 3 seconds． Starting from May, the ads must have a clear button (按钮) to let users to close them．

However, putting these regulations into action can be difficult． The total number of apps is large, making it hard for authorities to look into every app． There were at least 2．59 million apps released (发布) in January and February alone．

However, this shouldn’t be the reason for the mobile apps to step out of these “lines” and take advantage． That way, what all the platforms really get is people’s complaints． Over 90 percent of users strongly dislike such open-app ads, according to the Jiangsu Consumer Council．

Such ads hurt an app’s reputation (声誉) because fewer users may want to use them after being taken to other apps too many times． To get real recognition (认可) from users, the apps should respect their choices and provide them with ads that they can choose to click (点击) on only if they want to．

1． What does the phrase “gets in your way” mean in Paragraph 1?

A． prevents you from entering the app

B． leads you to another app

C． forces you to buy something useless

D． steals your personal information

2． In Paragraph 2, Taobao and JD are used as examples of _____．

A． apps that have open-app ads

B． apps that open-app ads lead to

C． apps that were discussed heatedly recently

D． apps that many people go shopping online with

3． According to the regulations, _____．

A． ads in the apps should be totally stopped

B． people don’t need to shake hard to open ads

C． people should easily find where to close the ads

D． apps with open-app ads will be closed

4． It is difficult to put these regulations into action because _____．

A． it’s difficult to manage the app developers

B． users really need these open-app ads

C． apps have more new ways to present ads

D． it’s hard to regulate a large number of apps

5． What is probably the writer’s opinion?

A． More ads will give apps good reputations．

B． Users mind products more than ads in apps．

C． Apps should let users decide whether to open the ads．

D． Apps have earned too much money from open-app ads．

C 阅读理解（试题为原创）

On Nov 11, an Australia jockey (骑师) got hurt after his horse “broke down” during a horse race in Hong Kong． Though the jockey is safe now, his horse is not so lucky． Since the horse’s leg injury would lead to its death, vets euthanized (实施安乐死) it in front of audience on the spot (在现场)．

Falling off a horse at high speed has a big risk of injury． You can say it’s the jockey’s choice to take part in the sport． But what about the horses?

This is not the first time that animals have been harmed because of animal entertainment-related (与娱乐相关的) sports． For example, about 180,000 bulls (公牛) are killed in bullfights around the world, with many more injured in bullfight events every year, according to Human Society International, an organization promoting (宣传) the human-animal relationship globally． Hunters shoot more than 800 lions in South Africa．

To help these animals, animal lovers have started many campaigns , which seem to be taking effect (见效)． In June, Churchill Downs, the site of the famous Kentucky Derby in the US, stopped all horse racing which was to run to July 3． Circuses (马戏团) using animals have been banned (禁止) by many countries around the world in recent years due to animal welfare (福利) worries, according to the website Four Paws．

Animals play an important part in our lives and are more than tools for sports and entertainment． The human-animal bond can be seen in all kinds of places． Service animals can help people in their jobs and animals are also used to help and care for people with illnesses and who have experienced abuse (虐待) or trauma (精神创伤)．

“We can have our sports, drinks, lively parties, and beautiful hats ‑ but we can leave the animals out of it,” reported Vox．

1． From Paragraph 3, we know that _____．

A． many animals are hurt or even die in animal entertainment-related sports

B． many people hunt wild animals for fun or personal use

C． animal entertainment-related sports are popular

D． the number of bulls and lions goes down quickly

2．What is the viewpoint of the website “Four Paws” according to the article?

A． Horses have been banned from participating in races in many countries．

B． Many circuses using animals have been banned due to animal welfare concerns．

C． Animal-related sports are essential for entertainment．

D． Bullfights should be promoted to improve the human-animal bond．

3． Which of the following can help us improve the human-animal relationship according to the story?

A． Humans and animals can live apart．

B． We can stop harming animals for sports．

C． We can make animals work for humans．

D． Humans don’t keep animals as pets．

4． According to Vox, animal entertainment-related sports are _____．

A． exciting      B． avoidable          C． necessary        D． meaningless

5．What’s the main idea of the article?

A． Reporting the details of an accident involving an Australian jockey and his horse in Hong Kong．

B． The Australian jockey’s horse was euthanized in Hong Kong．

C． The harms of animal entertainment-related sports, and the some actions to protect animal rights and welfare．

D． Describing how service animals help people in their daily lives and work．

D 阅读理解

Where have those traditional hour-and-a-half-long films from the old days gone? In recent years, we’ve seen more and more big Hollywood films run for three hours or more．

There were films like Avatar: The Way of Water (《阿凡达：水之道》) that lasted three hours and 10 minutes, and Oppenheimer (《奥本海默》) that went on for three hours and nine seconds． On Oct 20, Martin Scorsese’s Killers of the Flower Moon (《花月杀手》) went for about three and a half hours． When it premiered (首映) at the Cannes Film Festival in May, some people got sleepy, and there was a long line for the restroom． People started asking: Why have films become so long?

Franchises (特许经营权) are one driver of longer films as studios want to make the most out of their expensive intellectual property (知识产权), said The Economist． The hope is that a great, longer film will draw audiences away from streaming platforms (流媒体平台) and into cinemas． This plan has often paid off: Avengers: Endgame (《复仇者联盟：终局之战》), Marvel’s three-hour superhero film, was the highest-grossing (票房最高的) film in 2019．

Also, longer films have to do with the growing influence of directors． Studios have given big names, like Nolan (诺兰) and Scorsese (斯科塞斯), greater creative freedom ． Otherwise, streaming platforms may lure (诱惑) the big names away． They do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause at will．

However, longer running times also bring some problems． Cinemas can play fewer films because a three-hour film takes up more screen time． A longer Marvel film can mean the shutting out of indie (独立的) and international filmmakers．

1． What do the three movies in Paragraph 2 have in common?

A． They are all very long．

B． They are all very boring．

C． They all premiered at the Cannes Film Festival．

D． They were all discussed a lot recently．

2． Avengers: Endgame is an example of _____．

A． a long film that doesn’t have franchises

B． a long film that made a lot of money

C． a film that has the most expensive intellectual property

D． the first film that premiered on streaming platforms

3． Who caused the longer films according to the second reason?

A． The studios．    B． The audience．    C． The famous directors．   D． The streaming platforms．

4． What’s the disadvantage of the longer films?

a． People may get tired．

b． Fewer films can be shown in cinemas．

c． Directors get more creative freedom．

d． The audience may turn to streaming platforms rather than cinemas．

A． abc                       B． abd           C． acd                 D． bcd

5．What’s the main idea of the article?

A． The article mainly discusses the box office performance of long films．

B． The article primarily analyzes the reason why modern films are becoming increasingly lengthy．

C． The article mainly talks about the influence of directors on the length of films．

D． The article primarily addresses how long films squeeze out indie and international filmmakers．

E 阅读理解

“MrMazzella, what is the difference between a period (句号) and a comma (逗号)?” I was a young substitute teacher (代课老师) in a middle school English class． I hated these grammar rules and hardly understood them myself, even though I was a writer． As I looked at the textbook, I knew that even if I told this student all the different rules about commas, he wouldn’t remember them．

I was also in no mood for a long lesson． My mom had died just a few short weeks ago． I missed her so much, feeling half-dead inside． All I wanted to do was stay in bed, but my young family was struggling to get by and I knew I had to take every day of work I could．

I looked at the textbook again but couldn’t read it because my eyes were so watery． All at once, however, I got an idea．

“A period is the end of a sentence or a thought,” I said． “A comma, on the other hand, is just a brief (简短的) pause before the sentence continues on．” When I finished saying this, my heart suddenly felt lighter． I smiled and thought of my mom continuing on in a place much brighter and happier than the one I was in now．

That little moment of light helped me as I continued to miss my mom over the months and years to come． Recently I remembered it once again when I saw this quote in a book I was reading: “Death is not a period, only a comma．”

Our lives are a story that goes on forever． Our time here is only a part of it．

1． Why did the writer not want to teach a long lesson that day?

A． Because he didn’t like working for that teacher．

B． Because he hadn’t read the textbook yet．

C． Because he was sad about his mom’s death．

D． Because he couldn’t wait to see his young family．

2． What does the underlined phrase “get by” mean?

A． to live an easy and rich life                B． to be able to live through difficulties

C． to have a positive life attitude                D． to face challenges in a relaxing way

3． What did the writer describe a comma as?

A． The end of a sentence．                B． The end of a thought．

C． A brief pause．                       D． The end of a life．

4． What does the writer mean by “Death is not a period, only a comma”?

A． Death is the end．                    B． Life goes on after death．

C． Quoting is not important．             D． We all need breaks．

F 阅读理解（试题为原创）

Recently, community canteens(食堂) have become popular among young people．

At first, community canteens mostly served old people． As the elderly may face challenges in cooking, and many young people cannot cook, these canteens have become perfect places for the two generations to become meal friends．

Getting cheap meals

For only 20 yuan, Fang Wenjing, who works in the training industry (行业) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, ordered a well-balanced lunch at a community canteen in the city． It included a meat dish, a vegetable dish and a bowl of rice．

“The dishes have a home-cooked taste, just as I expected． The canteen is also clean,” said Fang．

Bringing more surprises 

Community canteens meet the dining habits of young people in a number of ways． For example, the vegetarian (素食的) restaurants in Hangzhou have meals including a main dish, a bowl of rice, soup, fruit salad, and a side dish． Hu Yifan, head of the canteen, said 70 percent of its customers are young people．

A canteen at the Zhanongkou Community in Zhejiang province recently introduced “happiness mystery boxes”． They cost just 6 yuan but have one meat dish and a vegetarian dish． To keep what’s inside each box a surprise, stickers (贴纸) are placed over the see-through top to cover the “main dish”． The “mystery boxes” often sell out very quickly．

The canteen in Beijing’s Lugu Community in Shijingshan district even introduced self-service meals． The buffet-style (自助式的) dishes there are priced at just 2．48 yuan per 100 grams． This price is lower than the restaurants nearby． The canteen has attracted  many customers in and out of the neighborhood．

“While it’s a community canteen, it can just as easily be described as a Western restaurant． It is beautifully designed． The environment is fantastic and super clean．”  DazhongDianping user “Cuzhuangqieluoli 66” commented (评价) on one of the canteens．

1． Who are the main customers of the community canteens according to the article?

A． Elderly people only                   B． Young people only

C． Both elderly and young people          D． Children only

2． Fang Wenjing chose to eat in a community canteen mainly because it’s _____．

A． perfect              B． delicious      C． healthy           D． large

3． What do we know about Hu Yifan’s restaurant?

A． It provides meat and vegetarian dishes．

B． It attracts a lot of young customers．

C． It offers a set meal with a dessert inside．

D． It shows the vegetarian trend among youngsters．

4．What special service does the canteen in Beijing’s Lugu Community in Shijingshan district offer?

A． Dishes with a home-cooked taste              B． Buffet-style meals

C． Happiness mystery boxes                    D． Vegetarian main dishes

4． What attracts “Cuzhuangqieluoli 66” to enjoy the community canteen?

A． Its low price．                           B． Its convenience．

C． Its well-balanced meals．                  D． Its dining environment．

阅读回答问题

In English, when someone is very angry, we say this person “sees red”, like the way a bull goes wild after seeing a red cloth． Now it turns out that “seeing red” is not just an expression for angry people, but also a scientific fact．

Researchers at North Dakota State University in the US found that there is a connection between the color red and anger． Angry people really do “see red” where others don’t． And a preference (偏爱) for red over blue may even suggest a more hostile (怀有敌意的) personality (性格)．

The study includes a number of experiments． In the first, researchers asked a group of people which color they preferred, red or blue． Participants (参加者) then did personality tests． Results showed that those who chose red tended to be more hostile．

During a second test, participants looked at faded (褪色的) images that could be seen as either red or blue． Those who saw red scored 25 percent higher on hostility in the personality test．

“Hostile people have hostile thoughts; hostile thoughts are connected with the color red, and therefore hostile people see this color more often,” the researchers told The Independent．

Finally, the participants were told about imaginary situations in which they could take different actions． Results showed that in these situations, red-preferring people were more likely to show that they would hurt another person than those who preferred blue．

“An important message from this research is that color can send psychological (心理的) meaning,” the researchers said．

1． What does it mean by saying someone “sees red”?

______________________________________________________________________________

2． What may people be like if they prefer the color red over blue?

______________________________________________________________________________

3． What did the participants do in the first test?

______________________________________________________________________________

4． What were the results of the second test?

______________________________________________________________________________

5． Did the results of the third test go against the first and second tests?

______________________________________________________________________________

6． What’s the meaning of the findings?

______________________________________________________________________________

语法填空（试题为原创）

Staying strong during hard times is a beautiful quality (品质) of human beings． Let’s have a look at poems from Chinese poet Zheng Xie (1693-1765)

竹石

(郑燮)

咬定青山不放松，立根原在破岩中。

千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风。

Bamboo in the Rock

(By Zheng Xie)

Upright stands the bamboo amid green mountains steep,

Its toothlike root in broken rock is planted deep．

It’s strong and firm though struck and beaten without rest,

Careless of the wind from north or south; east or west．

(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)

“Bamboo in the Rock,”is a Chinese poem by a man named Zheng Xie, often called Zheng Banqiao． He was born in 1693． Besides being_____1____ great artist and poet, Zheng was also a government worker during a time in China called the Qing Dynasty． He _____2____ (not like) the unfair things he saw happening in the government, so he started making art and writing poems about things like bamboo, which were easy_____3____ (understand) but had deep meanings．

His poem paints a picture of bamboo growing strong even though it’s in a tough spot, squeezed within rocks on a mountain． No matter what difficulties the bamboo ____4____(face), like bad weather hitting it from every side, it keeps ____5___(stand) up straight． The bamboo is a symbol of strength and determination because it remains firm and doesn’t break under pressure．

The poem is full _____6____ beautiful words about nature, but it’s also there to teach us something important． just like the bamboo, people should stay strong and focused even ____7_____ life is challenging． By facing hard times, we can build_____8_____ (we) inner strength, just like the unyielding bamboo．

Young people can learn a lot from this poem because it shows them the______9_____ (important) of staying strong and determined, even when things get tough． The poem reminds teenagers that tests and difficulties can help them grow even __________(strong)． It is an inspiring message for them to remain brave during hard times and never give up, just like bamboo standing tall amidst challenges．

…………

参考答案

A 阅读理解（试题为原创）

【答案】ABCAC

【解析】本文介绍OpenAI 领导层变动，创始人 Sam Altman 短暂离职后复任，引发行业关注和对 AI 发展、监管的担忧。

1．A．根据文章描述，OpenAI 在一开始是作为一个非营利性的研究组织成立的，它们的宗旨不是为了赚钱。相反，它们希望制造能够帮助每个人的 AI 工具。所以答案是为了开发有益的 AI 工具。

2． B．文章中提到董事会成员对 AI 发展的不同意见可能是这场戏剧的一个原因。根据《纽约时报》，解雇 Altman 的人对 AI 更加担心，并要求更多的规则来进行检查。然而，Altman 认为进一步开发 AI 更为重要，这表明他对 AI 规则的关注较少，所以答案是因为他对 AI 的规则关注较少。

…………