本资料来自专辑：2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破及练习汇总（通用版）
2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破
突破16 定语从句
【知识突破】
定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导
1、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如：
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher．
先行词 定语从句
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
2、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词
1）被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系
2）关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：
I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat． （主语）
先行词 关系代词
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive．（宾语）
先行词 关系代词
我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown． （定语）
先行词 关系代词
那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。
That is the house where my father used to live．（状语）
先行词 关系副词
那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
3、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法
1） who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：
Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way． （主语）
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
Mr Wang is the man （who / that / whom ）you met in the zoo this morning．（宾语）
王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。
注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。
2） whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。如：
The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today．
其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。
I have a story book whose cover is red．
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3） which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：
Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys． （主语）
足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game． （宾语）
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。
4、关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。
如：
That is the place in which I lived for five years．
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years．
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking．
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for．
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
5、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题
1） 先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which。
如：
The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better．
（the school 作了介词in的宾语。）
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时，如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用where． 如：
The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school．
事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
（定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词，它不跟宾语，而the accident又作了定语从句的主语，因此该定语从句既不需要主语，也不需要宾语。）
2） 只用that，不用which的情况
（1）前有序数词修饰时。如：
This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday． 这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
（2）前有形容词最高级修饰时。如：
That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched． 那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
（3）先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如：
All that he told me is true． 他告诉我的一切是真实的。
（4）先行词被the only修饰时。如：
The only thing that I can get is a pen． 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。
（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：
We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in．
我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3） 只用which，不用that的情况
（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词＋关系代词which”引导。如：
The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important．
老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
（2）先行词本身是that, those时，如：
What’s that which is flying in the sky? 在天空中飞的那是什么？
总之，我们作为初中英语教师要把初中英语中的定语从句讲解清楚，帮助学生理解课文和阅读理解中的定语从句，帮助学生用定语从句进行正确的书面表达，为以后更进一步的学习定语从句打下坚实的基础。
【能力突破】
1． The first thing_______ I am going to do this evening is to write to my father．
A． that B． which C． who D． what
2． There will be a flower show in the park _____ we visited last week．
A． who B． where C． which
3． —Have you found the information about famous people ________you can use for the report?
— Not yet． I’ll search some online．
A． whom B． which C． who D what
4． “Dentist” is the doctor takes care of your teeth．
A． which B． who C． what
5． Please remember to return the book______you borrowed last week．
A． it B． which C． what D． one
6． Is this the supermarket___________ you worked several weeks ago?
A． where B． that C． which D． who
7． — Have you found the glasses ______ you lost last week?
— Not yet． But I have just bought a new pair．
A． those B． who C． that
8． I want to visit a place is famous for its scenery．
A． which B． where C． when D． who
9． —Please say something about Zheng He．
—Oh! He is the Ming dynasty explorer of ______ all the Chinese are proud．
A． who B． whom C． whose D． that
10． My grandfather have an old house in _____ they have lived for 70 years．
A． that B． which C． what D． where
11． -What are you looking for，Mary？
-I’m looking for the ring my husband bought me last year．
A． that B． who C． whom D． it
12． The weather turned out to be very good, ________ was more than we could expect．
A． what B． which C． that D． it
13． In fact the Swede didn’t understand the three questions ______ were asked in French．
A． where B． who C． in which D． which
14． People ________ are born in the Year of the Tiger are considered to be strong and brave．
A． which B． who C． what
15． My grandparents like to live in a house is not very big but bright and comfortable．
A． which B． who C． what D． where
16． The man_________ is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father．
A． which B． whom C． who D． what
17． — Do you know the young boy ________ is reciting a Tang poem over there?
— Yes． He’s a friend of ________ ．
A． which; mine B． who; me C． which; me D． who; mine
18． I don’t know the man ________ is standing at the door． Mary tells me that he is Mr． Green．
A． who B． which C． whose D． what
19． — Do you know the woman ____ is walking on the other side of the street?
— Oh, that’s my history teacher．
A． What B． which C． who D． whom
20． People often like clothes ______ can make them look young．
A． when B． who C． that D． Where
21． Please show me the book ________ you bought yesterday．
A． which B． whom C． whose D． this
22． The girl ________ you saw in the street is Mary．
A． that B． whose C． which D． as
23． —What kind of music do you like, Linda?
—I like music ________ I can dance to．
A． when B． that C． what
24． The boy ________ is holding a ball is my brother．
A． what B． which C． 不填 D． who
25． —Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech?
—Of course． She is my best friend, Meimei．
A． which B． who C． whom D． what
26． —Have you searched the information ________ you want to use in your report?
—Not yet． I will do it right now．
A． that B． when C． what
27． Little Bonny is going to be the person _________ can change the world．
A． who B． when C． which D． what
28． We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed．
A． who B． that C． whom
29． Sorry,we don’t have the coat ________ you need．
A． what B． who C． whom D． which
30． The first thing _____my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter
A． which B． that C． why D． who
31． The man ________ is talking to the students is our English teacher．
A． who B． which C． /
32． Chaka Salt Lake ________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists．
A． where B． which C． who
33． The gift ________ my mother gave me ________ more than 100 dollars．
A． that; spend B． who; took C． which; cost D． /; paid
34． The man________ lives next to us is my English teacher．
A． whom B． which C． who D． /
35． —What kind of music do you like?
—I like music ________ I can dance to．
A． that B． where C． who
36． —Do you know the girl ____ has got an A in the English exam？
—Yes． She is my classmate．
A． who B． which C． whom D． whose
37． Confucius is a man ________ had many wise ideas and thoughts．
A． which B． who C． whom D． whose
38． I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella． ________ I got wet through．
A． It’s the reason B． That’s why C． There’s why D． It’s how
39． Eileen Gu ________ is an outstanding athlete (运动员) has become more and more popular around the world since the 24th Olympic Winter Games．
A． / B． who C． which D． what
40． In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help．
A． that B． who C． from who D． to whom
41． — What kind of movies do you like?
— I like movies ________ can cheer me up．
A． who B． what C． how D． that
42． According to a survey, people ___________ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily．
A． which B． whom C． whose D． who
43． —Do you still keep the photo of you ________ your father took ten years ago?
—Of course I do．
A． who B． which C． whom D． what
44． Parasite《寄生虫》became the first non-English best movie ______ has won Oscars in history．
A． that B． which C． who
45． Zhong Nanshan is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people．
A． who B． which C． what D． when
46． —Do you know the boy___________ got the first prize in the talent show?
—Of course． He’s my new neighbor．
A． whose B． whom C． which D． who
47． The four tools _________ people use for Chinese handwriting are called“Four Treasures of Study”．
A． that B． who C． what D． whom
48． — Have you found the information about the famous people ________ you can use for the report?
— Not yet． I’ll search some on the Internet．
A． who B． which C． whom
49． Pay attention to the students ________ laugh at you．
A． who B． whom C． which D． whose
50． The young lady ________ is talking with our teacher comes from America．
A． where B． that C． which D． when
51． We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country．
A． who B． whom C． which
52． Journey to the West is a book influences teenagers a lot．
A． which B． who C． what
53． —Do you know Li Ziqi?
—Of course． She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life．
A． whose B． where C． which D． who
54． —How do you like the book Little Women?
—Wonderful． I think it is the best one ________ tells us the importance of family．
A． / B． what C． which D． that
55． —What kind of movies do you like?
—I like movies ________ are not scary．
A． who B． that C． where
56． —What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the magazine ________ I bought yesterday．
A． who B． whom C． which
57． Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
A． that B． / C． which D． it
58． Wondering Earth is an exciting movie __________ was made by Chinese．
A． who B． which C． /
59． —Which do you think is the most interesting invention?
—These beautiful clothes ________ are made of paper． They can keep us warm in winter．
A． what B． that C． who
60． —Why does she always ask you for help?
—There are very few people ________, ________?
A． who she can turn to; aren’t there B． she can turn to; are there
C． for her to turn to; aren’t there D． who can turn to; are there
61． China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world．
A． who B． which C． what
62． FISU World University Games ________ will be held this summer in Chengdu attracts the world’s attention．
A． which B． what C． where
63． I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me．
A． who B． which C． what D． how
64． Mr Smith _______ is smoking is looking for _______ he lost yesterday．
A． whom; which B． who; what C． that; who D． which; where
65． On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland．
A． who B． whose C． which D． what
66． —Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin?
—Sure． I think no movie is ________ than it．
A． that; more touching B． what; less touching C． that; more touched D． which; less touched
67． I like music that I can dance to． 划线的单词是_______。
A． 指示代词 B． 关系代词 C． 连接词
68． One of the places of interest are often visited is the Niagara．
A． that B． what C． who D． where
69． I hate the dogs live in the next house． They make loud noises all night
A． who B． that C． what D． whom
70． —Do you know the girl ________ is standing over there?
—Yes． She is my sister．
A． when B． where C． who D． which
71． —Look! That is the woman ________ I met yesterday．
—Oh? She’s my aunt．
A． what B． whom C． where D． when
72． Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people．
A． who B． which C． what D． when
73． The teacher _________ I like best often encourages me _________ my dream．
A． who；fight for B． that；to fight for C． which；to fight for D． which；fight for
74． My grandparents like stories __________ have happy endings．
A． they B． who C． which D． /
75． —Do you know the boy ________is talking to Mr Zhang?
—Yes． He is our monitor．
A． which B． who C． whose D． whom
76． —Do you know the woman _______ is talking with our teacher?
—Yes, she is a reporter from CCTV．
A． who B． which C． whose
77． The app “MAYI” encourages people to give away the clothes ________ they don’t need to the poor．
A． what B． whom C． who D． that
78． —Have you heard of Erquan Yingyue?
—Yes． It was one of the most moving pieces of music ________ I’ve ever heard．
A． that B． which C． who
79． In America, Thanksgiving is a holiday_____________celebrates the love of family．
A． who B． / C． that
80． He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man．
A． whom B． / C． which D． who
81． My cousin likes to read magazines ________． He can get some ideas about which places to travel．
A． that talk about popular cartoons
B． that explain science experiments
C． which tell stories of famous people
D． which introduce wonders of the world
82． Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well．
A． which B． who C． whose D． whom
83． Do you know the young lady ________ your mother is talking with？
A． whom B． whose C． what D． which
84． –Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua? –The man _______ T-shirt is red．
A． that B． who C． which D． whose
85． — Have you watched the TV play” In the Name of People”?
— It’ s the most popular play _______our Party’ s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败)．
A． where show B． which show C． that shows D． who shows
86． The boy______won first prize is a______ boy．
A． that；15 years old B． who；15 years old
C． who；15-year-old D． which；15yearold
87． The boss ________ department Ms． King worked ten years ago looked down upon women．
A． in which B． in that C． in whose D． whose
88． I prefer news that ________ about sports．
A． is B． are C． have D． with
89． —Do you like National Treasure, the weekly TV show on CCTV?
—Sure． It’s a great culture TV show ________ has been very popular in China．
A． who B． whom C． which D． what
90． We follow ________ that car has left in the grass．
A． mark B． marking C． the marks D． to mark
91． I really like the family photo ________ we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday．
A． who B． that C． what D． whose
92． The first thing________you should do is to quit smoking．
A． which B． whom C． what D． that
93． — What kind of books do you like best?
— I like books ________ are about science and technology．
A． who B． whom C． which
94． The twins are both good at tennis, so they joined the tennis club together ________ our school started last year．
A． which B． who C． whom D． whose
95． I don’t like people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble．
A． which B． who C． whose
96． Don’t throw away pens and erasers ________ you haven’t used up．
A． where B． which C． who D． what
97． The computer _______ the day before yesterday has caught a virus．
A． which I bought it B． I bought C． what I bought D． I bought it
98． — How do you like the movie The Battle at Lake Changjin(长津湖)?
— It is the best movie________ I have ever seen．
A． which B． who C． what D． that
99． We should do all ________ is useful to people．
A． / B． that C． it D． which
100． —Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher?
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much．
A． which; our B． who; us C． which; us D． that; our
…………
参考答案
1． A
【解析】句意：我今晚打算做的第一件事是写信给我的爸爸。what是疑问词，不能作关系代词。that、which、who均可作关系代词，which用来指物，who用来指人，that既可以指人又可以指物。当先行词前有序数词修饰时，关系代词只能用that。根据题意，先行词thing前有the first修饰。故选A。
…………
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