本资料来自专辑：2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破及练习汇总（通用版）
2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破
突破17 主谓一致(there be)
【知识突破】
主谓一致
主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致，即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致。意义一致，即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一、语法一致原则
主语采用单数形式时，谓语动词也要采用单数形式；主语采用复数形式时，谓语动词也要采用复数形式。
1． 当and连接两个或多个名词，或both，． and．连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends． 汤姆和麦克是好朋友。
2． 不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody． nobody, no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Everyone is waiting for the coming sports meeting．
每个人都等待着即将到来的运动会。
3． 由each, each…and each…,every, every．．．and every…，one of．．．等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a flower．
每个男生女生都领了一朵花。
4． 主语后接有with, along with． together with，as well as，no less than, more than, including, besides, like, except, but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
Mr． White with two friends is leaving for Beijing．
怀特先生和两个朋友将动身去北京。
5． “a number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of people have applied for this job．
许多人都申请了这份工作。
The number of people in our company is 230．
我们公司员工人数为230。
6． “a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of) +名词”或“分数或百分数十名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词为单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of people have been there． 许多人都去过那儿。
7． 由“a pair(a kind，a series．)+of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs( kinds．)+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair of glasses is left on the ground．
一副眼镜遗落在地上。
8． 某些只有复数形式的名词( clothes． trousers，shorts，shoes，gloves．)作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
My trousers were worn out． 我的裤子穿破了。
9． 不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is interesting． 读书是有趣的。
二、 意义一致原则
谓语动调所用的单数形式还是复数形式要根据主语所表达的概念而定。
1． 由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果指同一概念（即and后面无冠词），则谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week．
这位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
2． 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、名词词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Three months is a long time． 三个月是个很长的时间。
3． 集体名词（如family，team，crowd，class，group等）如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
My family is a small one with three people．
我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
4． people，police等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are helping a girl look for her father;
警察正帮着女孩找爸爸。
5． one and a half的后面要接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词要用复数。
One and a half cakes are a good meal for him．
一个半蛋糕对他来说是一顿美餐。
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则。
三、就近原则
1． 由either…or…,neither．．．nor．．．,not only…but also…，not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle．
不但我父母想看到我叔叔，我也想。
2． There be…和Here be… 两种句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There is a table and three chairs in the room．
房间里有一张桌子和三把椅子。
There be句型（存在句）
There be是英语中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。There be后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构。其问句形式是将be或will have/can/must等助动词、情态动词提至there之前，否定形式则直接在be或助动词、情态动词后加not，因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be+名词十地点（时间）”这一句型。
一、 There be 结构中的主谓一致
1． 一个名词或代词作主语
当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，其谓语动词必须用单数；当主语是可数名词复数时，其谓语动词必须为复数。
There is a tree (are many trees) in the picture．
画里有一棵树（很多树）。
2． 并列名词作主语
如果There be句型后的主语是几个并列的名词时，be应与靠近的那个名词保持数的一致。即该名词是单数，动词be用单数；该名词是复数，动词be用复数。
There is a bus and three cars in the picture．
画里有一辆公交车和三辆轿车。
二、There be结构中的时态
1． There be结构可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There were some books on the desk yesterday．
昨天桌子上有些书。
There will be a good film in the cinema next week．
下周电影院将有一部好电影。
2． There可以和各种情态动词或助动词连用。
There may be a bird on the branch．
树枝上也许有一只鸟。
3． There be结构中be的替代。
There be结构中，谓语动词除了be之外，还可用live，stand，go，come等表示“存在”意义的不及物动词。
There stands a tree in front of the house．
房前有一棵树。
Once there lived an old farmer． 从前有个老农民。
【能力突破】
1． The boys in our school ________ basketball and they play it after school．
A． like B． likes C． don’t like D． doesn’t like
2． Gina ________ my good friend(朋友)．
A． am B． is C． are D． be
3． —Does he ________ a soccer ball?
—No, he doesn’t． But he ________ two ping-pong bats．
A． have; has B． has; has C． have; have
4． Here ________ Jim’s parents．
A． is B． am C． are D． be
5． —Hi! I ________ Grace．
—Hi! My name ________ Jim．
A． am; am B． am; is C． is; am D． is; is
6． My brother and I ________ in the same school．
A． aren’t B． isn’t C． don’t D． doesn’t
7． There ________ a pencil and some books on the desk．
A． be B． is C． are D． am
8． My grandfather ________ reading after supper every day．
A． liked B． is liking C． like D． likes
9． —How ________ you?
—I ________ fine, thanks．
A． are; is B． are; are C． are; am D． is; am
10． Look! The children ________ in the lake．
A． swim B． are swimming C． is swimming D． swims
11． Those are Tom’s ________．
A． a computer game B． computer game C． computer games D． a computer games
12． What ________ she have ________ dinner?
A． do, in B． does, for
C． is, at D． can, to
13． Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in our school．
A． is B． are C． was D． were
14． —What’s on the table?
—There some bread and two apples．
A． are B． is C． has D． have
15． Tom and I ________ in the same class．
A． is B． am C． are D． isn’t
16． My family________ big． There are only 3 people．
A． aren’t B． isn’t C． is D． are
17． My shoes _________ brown and my sweater _________ green．
A． are；are B． is；are C． are；is D． is；is
18． My brother ________ a soccer ball but I ________．
A． have; don’t B． has; not C． have; not D． has; don’t
19． This ________ my sister and those ________ my parents．
A． is; is B． is; are C． are; is D． are; are
20． There ________ a pencil and some pens in the box．
A． is B． are C． aren’t D． am
21． A number of tourists ________ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city．
A． have been to B． has been to C． has gone to D． have gone to
22． There a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon．
A． is going to be B． will have
C． are going to be D． is going to have．
23． ________ is there on the table?
A． How many apples B． How much bread C． How much breads D． How many food
24． In our city, the number of the teachers __________ about 2,000, but only about __________ of them are men teachers．
A． is; seven hundreds B． are; seven hundred
C． is; seven hundred D． are; seven hundreds
25． —Memorizing the words of pop songs _____ one of the greatest ways to learn more English．
—Yes． And I’ve lerned ____ that way ．
A． is ; a lot of B． are , a lot of C． is ; a lot
26． There _________ a fashion show this weekend． Shall we go to watch it together?
A． will have B． will be C． is going to D． is going to have
27． A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year．
A． protect B． is protected C． are protected D． protected
28． —The talent show Youth With You (青春有你) is becoming hotter and hotter online．
—Exactly． Half of our class ______ interested in it recently．
A． is B． are C． was
29． —Do you like songs by Taylor？
—Yes． Her music __________ nice and full of feelings．
A． sound B． sounds C． listens
30． There ________ many flowers in the park(公园)．
A． is B． are C． am D． be
31． There is some ________ on the plate．
A． apple B． bread C． banana D． sandwich
32． Last Sunday my aunt ________ at home with me． We were watching TV all day．
A． was B． were C． is D． are
33． Here ________ your pens．
A． is B． are C． am
34． I think politics ________ very important．
A． is B． are C． have D． has
35． It’s said that there ________ a Marathon (马拉松) match in May in Shanghai．
A． will have B． is going to be C． is going to have D． has
36． There is little water in the glass, ________?
A． isn’t there B． isn’t it C． is it D． is there
37． —There ________ a basketball match next Saturday． Shall we go and watch it?
—Sounds great． Let’s go．
A． is B． will be C． was D． is going to have
38． Eric ________ have a hat．
A． am not B． isn’t C． don’t D． doesn’t
39． There ______ an English show this weekend． Shall we go and watch it?
A． are going to be B． was C． will be D． were
40． —What ________ your sister ________ this Saturday?
—Something special, because it’s her birthday．
A． are; going to do B． is; going to do C． does; do D． did; do
41． “He often goes to school by bike” means ________．
A． He often by bike to school
B． He often takes a bike to school
C． He often rides a bike to school
D． He often rides to school by bike
42． Not only I but also my father _______ the drink．
A． likes B． like C． don’t like D． liking
43． ________the words of pop songs_______ a good way to learn English．
A． Memorize; is B． Memorize; are C． Memorizing, is D． Memorizing, are
44． Are there any ________ in your city?
A． libraries B． factory C． university D． hospital
45． —What’s in the picture on the wall?
—There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground．
A． has B． are C． is D． have
46． There are __________ on the table．
A． two milk B． two bottles of milk C． much milk D． two bottles of milks
47． There is going to ________ a film at the cinema this evening．
A． have B． being C． be D． having
48． It’s ten o’clock now． We don’t have to be ________a hurry． There ________a lot of time left．
A． to; is B． in; are C． in; is D． with; are
49． —________ your classmate from?
—She is from Shanghai．
A． Where’s B． Where’re C． What’s D． Where
50． Nancy, as well as her brother, always ________ their parents in daily life．
A． depend on B． depends on C． depend D． depends
51． —Not only my friends but also I ________ interested in football．
—So you are so healthy!
A． be B． am C． is D． are
52． — More than ________ of the students in our school ________ boys．
— That’s really a great number．
A． two thirds; are B． two thirds; is C． second thirds; are
53． —Who ________ a new ruler in my class?
—Many students ________．
A． have; have B． has; has C． has; have D． have; has
54． Tommy often with his family ________ to the park on weekends．
A． goes B． go C． are going D． went
55． ________ the teachers in our school is 158． More than half of them are women teachers．
A． A number of B． The number of C． A lot of
56． It ________ more than 20 years since Hong Kong ________ to China．
A． is; returned B． was; returned C． has been; has returned D． have been; has returned
57． Susan usually ________ a bus to school every day．
A． has taken B． took C． takes D． will take
58． Your set of keys ________ in Classroom 3F． Please ask the teacher ____ them．
A． is; to B． is; for C． are; at D． are; for
59． — Why do you want to go to America, Mary?
— The subjects students study in America __________ different from __________ in China．
A． are; that B． are; those C． is; it D． is; one
60． —I’ll drink half of the apple juice． The rest ________ for you, Sandy．
—Only for us three? I’m afraid the rest ________ going to be unhappy．
A． is; are B． are; is C． is; is D． are; are
61． —________ a pay phone on Center Street?
—Yes, there is．
A． Is there B． There is C． Is it D． It is
62． Mike is a good boy． He _____late for school．
A． not be B． isn’t C． isn’t be D． aren’t
63． The National Cartoon Exhibition ________ in Shanghai every year for fans of all ages．
A． is held B． was held C． has been held D． will be held
64． Look! A group of teachers _________ over there now．
A． is going to sing and dance
B． are going to sing and dance
C． is singing and dancing
D． are singing and dancing
65． I think Amy is suitable for being ________ an accountant ________ a doctor． She is too careless．
A． Both; and B． either; or C． not only; but also D． neither; nor
66． _________ of the desert in that district _________ covered with trees and grass．
A． Two-thirds; have been B． Two-thirds; has been
C． Two-thirds; have D． Two-thirds; has
67． —Ten years ________ since the road was built．
—It brings more chances to the small village．
A． have passed B． passed C． has passed
68． She_______oranges, but she________apples．
A． like;don’t like B． likes;doesn’t likes C． likes;doesn’t like D． like;don’t likes
69． There ________ an art room，a reading room and two computer rooms on the second floor．
A． has B． is C． be D． are
70． —There ________ a football match next Saturday． Shall we go to watch it?
—Of course． Let’s go．
A． will have B． will be C． is going to have
71． Simon’s shoes ________ white, so this pair of shoes ________ his．
A． is; is B． are; are C． is; are D． are; is
72． A number of visitors _____ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors _____ increasing．
A． are; is B． is; are
C． are; are D． is ; is
73． There ________ a class meeting this afternoon． Please get ready for it．
A． will have B． is going to have C． has D． is going to be
74． There will be an important meeting next week．
A． 宾语 B． 定语 C． 主语 D． 表语
75． Look !Some salad here and some hamburgers on the plate．
A． is ;is B． are; are C． is; are D． are; is
76． — _______ things are there on the desk?
— There _______ a glass of water and three apples．
A． How many; are B． How much; is C． How many; is D． How much; are
77． —What do you think of yesterday’s activity in your community?
—Wonderful． A lot of useful advice on self-protection ________．
A． offered B． was offered C． were offered
78． — What do you think of the community here?
— Wonderful!________ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass．
A． Two fifths; is B． One fifth; are C． Two fifths; are
79． Neither Mom nor I ________ Chengdu before, so we are excited about going there and seeing pandas this vacation．
A． has been to B． have been to C． has been in D． have been in
80． Forty minutes ________ for the children to finish all the work．
A． is a quite long time B． are quite a long time
C． is quite a long time D． are quite long time
81． Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well．
A． has gone to B． has been to C． have gone to D． have been to
82． He ________ in his best clothes, ready for his evening out．
A． is dressing B． dresses C． is dressed D． dressed
83． —Where is Mr． Wang?
—He together with his students _______Zhuyuwan Park．
A． has gone to B． have gone to
C． has been to D． have been to
84． My cousin dancing, but I ．
A． enjoy; doesn’t B． enjoys; don’t C． enjoys; does D． enjoy; don’t
85． The teachers in our school each ________ a computer now．
A． are having B． have C． is having D． has
86． The number of the volunteers in our city 2 ,000． And sixty percent of them teachers and students．
A． is; is B． is; are C． are; is D． are; are
87． —In our class ______ of the students are girls．
—And the number of them ______30．
A． third fifths; is B． third fifth; are C． three fifths; is D． three fifths; are
88． —There ________ a new movie next Sunday．
—Really? I will go to watch it．
A． will have B． are going to be C． are going to have D． is going to be
89． It is reported that ________ of the doctors sent to Wuhan ________ post-90s． They made their own efforts to win the virus battle．
A． two fifth; is B． two fifth; are C． two fifths; are D． two fifths; is
90． Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities in the south since they came to China．
A． have visited B． has visited C． visited D． visits
91． The summer holidays are coming, so the twins as well as Jack ______to Hong Kong for vacation．
A． is going B． are going C． goes D． go
92． There __________ a children’s football match in our school next Sunday．
A． will have B． is going to have C． are going to have D． will be
93． Not only Peter but also his father ________ crazy about the basketball match．
A． am B． is C． are D． be
94． — Do you think ________ an art show next week?
— Yes, I think so．
A． there have B． there will have C． there will be D． there is going to have
95． —It’s a pity that my teachers parents allow me to swim alone．
—After all you are too young, safety first．
A． either．．．or B． neither… nor C． both．．．and D． not only．．．but also
96． Attention, please． There __________ a football game between China and Korea this evening．
A． is going to be B． has been C． has D． will have
97． The handsome man ________ next door to us is very strange．
A． which stands B． that stand C． that stands D． who stand
98． Every student as well as some teachers who ______ to visit the museum _____ asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 in the morning．
A． is; are B． are; is C． is; is
99． —Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others．
—That’s right．
A． is B． are C． was D． were
100． In the near future, there ____ self-driving cars in our city．
A． is B． was C． are D． will be
…………
参考答案
1． A
【解析】句意：我们学校的男孩喜欢篮球，他们放学后打篮球。
考查主谓一致。根据“they play it after school．”可知，他们喜欢篮球，应该用肯定形式，排除C/D选项；句子主语the boys为复数，动词需用原形，排除B项。故选A。
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