突破12 句子成分、简单句与特殊句式-2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破及练习（通用版）

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2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破

突破12 句子成分、简单句与特殊句式

【知识突破】

一、句子成分

句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：

1、基本句型的词序                         划分符号(没有统一规定,仅供参考)：

例句：Jim is working [very hard] [now]．（他现在正非常努力地工作。）

          She is young． （她年轻。）           It looks like rain． （天看上去要下雨。）

          The boy [always] kicked the dog [with his feet]． （这男孩老是用脚踢那只狗。）

          He has [never] bought me a toy [since last year]． （从去年起他没给我买过一个玩具。）

          He felt something (cold) <moving up his leg>．（他感到有个冰冷的东西顺着腿上爬。）

2、英语词类与句子成分关系图

[注释] 1、“√”表示某种词类可以充当某个成分, “√√”表示某种词类经常充当某个成分, “√√√”表示某种词类最经常充当某个成分。 “×”表示某种词类不能充当某个成分。

2、“ * ”表示该成分可以由从句充当,如主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。

3．主语

(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture． (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely． (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe． (耳听为虚眼见为实)． / Helping animals is to help people． (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)

(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey． (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health．(=It is bad for your health eating too much．) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)

(3)口语中常见主语或“主–系”省略：(It is) nothing． ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter． ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you． ((我)谢谢你。)

(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesn’t  he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)

(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children． (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water． (你去给我弄一杯水来。)

(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory． (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)

(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam． (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people． (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)

(8)主语可以由从句充当。（请参阅后面有关主语从句的文件讲解）

4．谓语

(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：

He travelled in space for the first time．(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone bad． (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /

(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：

I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to． (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t  have finished reading the 800-page-long novel． (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out． (该采取措施防止

禽流感蔓延。)

(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词₁ + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。

记住使用下列正确形式：

①情态动词+原形动词。如：You’d better go over the lesson．（你最好复习这一课。）

②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如：They should have been there once．（他们应该去过那儿。）

③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s．（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）

④have+过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s．（意思同上）

⑤一般时问句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形动词。如：He does not enjoy himself very much．（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）

⑥行为动词₁+行为动词₂ (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet．（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life．（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着：圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves．（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）

(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。

(5)谓语动词单复数形式：单数形式的动词有：is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”；复数形式的动词有：are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。

记住：主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。 Air and water is necessary to us all．(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)

(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? —-Yes, it is．(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗？—-是的。)

5．宾语

(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing．(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money．(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons．(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding．(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)

(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio． (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？)

(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信？)

(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如：Please put the shoes away． (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes． (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away． (请把它们收起来。)

(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构：

①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如：He often gives me some help． (他常常帮我。)

②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for．如： Please make me a kite． (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me．

(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult． (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job．

(7) 宾语可以由从句充当（请参阅有关宾语从句的文件讲解）。

6．表语

(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如：He became a doctor after he left high school．(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there．(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold．(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀？)

(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。

(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如：It’s I． (It’s me．)是我。

(4) 只能作表语的形容词有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness．(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep．(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so．(并非只有我才这样想的。)

(5) 表语也可以由从句充当。

7．定语

(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如：Put it in the top drawer．(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries． (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers．(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life．(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)

(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序：

(3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,．．．)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,．．．作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along． (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。)

(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday． (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。)

(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如：He remembered everything unusual． (他记得所有不寻常的事情。)

(6) 定语还可以用从句充当。

(7) 注意：由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。

8．状语

(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如：I was not born yesterday．（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college education was something new．（对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire．(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished．(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)

(2) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark．(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) /

(3) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。

(4) 注意：由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。

9．宾语补足语

(1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如：Call him Jim,  please． (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy． (我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow． (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him． (他让小动物们给他带食物来。)

(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你说,让他进来！)/ Please put it away． (请把它收起来。)

二、简单句与特殊句式

1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。

2、简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。

3、陈述句：

用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。

▲陈述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student．（他是个中学生）/ I have a hammer in my hand．（我手上有把锤子）/ She teaches us geography．（她教我们地理）/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it．（新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢）

▲陈述句的否定式：

1)谓语动词如果是to be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：My brother is not a teacher．（我的弟弟不是教师）/ He does not have a cousin．（他没有堂兄弟）/ I will not go there tomorrow．（明天我不去那儿）/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen．（我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭）/ You must not make such mistakes again．（你不该再犯类似错误了） / We haven’t discussed the question yet（我们还没有讨论那个问题呢）．

2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t)．如： I don’t know anything about it．(此事我一无所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside．（李明不在农村养猪）/ We didn’t expect to meet her right here．（我们没指望着在这里见到她）/ We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon．(昨天下午我们没有开会)

3)如果“have”作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 如：I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters．（我没有兄弟姐妹）

[注意]

①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等；All of them went there．→None of them went there．（他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里）

②句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard．（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）

③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如：That’s your boss?（那就是你的老板？！）

④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句”。

⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home． （老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家）/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?（能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗？）

4、疑问句

▲一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。

1)一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是to be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。如：Is he  an engineer?（他是工程师吗？）/ Have you got today’s newspaper? （你有今天的报纸吗？）/ Shall we go to see a film this evening? （我们今晚去看电影好吗？）/ Can you explain it ?（你能解释它吗？）/ Is there any fish for supper?（晚饭有鱼吗？）/ Would you like to go out for a walk?（你想出去散步吗？）

谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。如：Do you get up at six every morning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？）/ Does she study hard?（她学习努力吗？）/ Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？）

2)一般疑问句的回答：

一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：

Will you join us in playing basketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？）—Yes, we will．（是的我们会。）/ —No, we won’t．（不我们不会。）

Have you got today’s newspaper?（你有今天的报纸吗？）—Yes, I have ．（是的有。）/ —No, I haven’t．（不没有。）

回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。

[注意] 回答must或者may开头的疑问句要小心,参见情态动词有关内容。

3)一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。如：

Will he not come?（他难道不来吗？）/ Isn’t your sister a Party member?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？）/ Haven’t you any brothers?（你没有哥哥吗？）/ Don’t you like the play?（你难道不喜欢这个话剧吗？）/ Can’t we walk a little farther?（我们不能走远些吗？）/ Won’t you sit down?（你不想坐下吗？）/ Hasn’t she heard of the matter?（她没听说过这事儿？）

这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如：

Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗？)

—Yes,he can．(不,他能回答这个问题。)   —No,he can’t． (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)

▲特殊疑问句：要求具体回答的问句。

1)特殊疑问句结构是：

如：What do you want?（你要什么？）/ Who(m) are you looking for ?（你在找谁？）/ Whose magazine is this?（这是谁的杂志？）/Which class are you in?（你在哪班？）/ When did you get up this morning?（你今早什么时候起身的？）/ Where have you been?（你到哪儿去了？）/ Why did he go to bed so early?（他为什么这么早睡觉？）/ How did you go there?（你是怎么去的那儿？）

但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同：如：Who is dancing over there?（谁在那边跳舞？）

有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如：What is on the wall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？）/ Which is yours?（哪个是你的？）/ Whose book is in your bag?（谁的书在你的书包里？）

[注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。

2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词：

疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what,

疑问副词： when, where, why, how,

how构成的短语：how many (多少个) (独立用；或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用；或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。

      3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如：Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not…?) (你为什么不转请Jim呢？)

4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如：When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的？)

5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如：What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一台电脑呢？)

▲反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。

1) 构成：由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致；反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。

如：He is old, isn’t he? (他老了不是吗？) / The man went away, didn’t he? (那个男人走开了不是吗？) / He isn’t old, is he? (他不老是吗？) / He never went there, did he? (他从没有去过那里是吗？)

2) 反意问句的回答：

无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”

如：The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗？)

——Yes, he did．(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn’t．(不,他没有走。)

The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗？)

——Yes, he did．(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didn’t．(是呀,他不去。)

▲选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。

1) 构成：(1)  一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？

(2)  特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？

2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如：

Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl． (—-你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？—-是女孩。) / Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please． (—你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？—-请来茶吧。) / Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? —Dancing, of course． (—-唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样？—-当然是跳舞啦！)

5、祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。

▲祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他  如：Please give me a hand． (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！)

▲祈使句的否定式：  Don’t +动词原形 + 其他  如：Please don’t talk in low voices． (请不要低声讲话。) / Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。)

[注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。如：Let’s not trouble him． (我们不要打扰他。)

肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)

6、感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”

▲对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：

What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词,如：What a good, kind girl (she is)! (她是多么善良的好女孩！) / What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕！)

▲仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) / How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃！) / How beautiful! (真美呀！)

▲有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitting on a tiger’s back! (他坐在老虎的背上！) / A nice shot! (漂亮一击！) / Good goal! (好球！)

7、倒装句： 谓语的一部分或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句。

（1）THERE BE句型以及以here、there开头的句子。如： There are a lot of children in the showroom． (在展览室里有许多的小孩。)/ Here comes the bus． (公交车来了。) / There goes the bell． (铃响了。) / The door opened and in came Mr Lee． (门开了,李先生走了进来。)

（2）用“So / Nor / Neither + 助动词 + 主语”倒装结构表示第二个人物的情况与上文的人物情况相同。如：Tom went to the beach last week, and, so did I． (Tom上个星期去了海滩,我也是。) / Li Mei’s bought nothing from the shop． Neither has Jim． (李梅没有在店里买什么,Jim也没有买。)

（3）在疑问句中,通常使用在主语之前安放助动词的倒装方法,对主语提问除外。如：How did he find the lost book? (他是怎么样找到丢失的书的？) / Where are they going to spend the summer vacation? (他们打算到哪儿过暑假？)

（4）感叹句中通常将被感叹的部分前移,而将句子的主谓语整体后置。 如：What a beautiful flower (it is)! (那是多漂亮的花！)

（5）有引号引用某人的原话时,引号外面的主谓一般采用倒装形式放在句尾,但是,若主语是代词则不倒装。如：“What on earth are you doing up there?” said the father． (父亲说：“你在上边到底干什么？”) / “What on earth are you doing up there?”he said． (他说：“你在上边到底干什么？”)

【能力突破】

一、简单句与特殊句式

1． ________ fine weather it is today!

A． What a                 B． How                    C． How a                  D． What

2． —Do you ________ a big head?

—Yes, I ________．

A． has; do                 B． have; do               C． has; don’t             D． have; does

3． What ________ she have ________ dinner?

A． do, for                 B． does, for               C． is, at                     D． can, to

4． —Long time no see! ________ is your grandfather?

—He is fine． Thank you． Please say hello to your family．

A． How                                B． Where                             C． Who

5． —________ students are there in your class?

—Fifty．

A． How many            B． How                    C． How much            D． What

6． Eat the right food and ____________ healthy．

A． to be                    B． to stay                  C． be                        D． are

7． — Can Bob sing the song in English?

— ______．

A． Yes, I can             B． No, he can’t          C． Yes, he is              D． Yes, he can’t

8． — Who is Jimmy?

— ________．

A． He is my friend                B． He is very nice                 C． He is in Beijing

9． —Are you Alice?

—________． My name is Alice．

A． Yes, I’m               B． Yes, I am              C． No, I’m                D． No, I’m not

10． —______ is the hotel?

—It’s between the bank and the park．

A． Why                                B． Where                             C． What

11． —________ swim in this river． It’s quite deep．

—Thanks for telling me．

A． No                       B． Not                      C． Don’t                   D． Doesn’t

12． —　　　　 do you have art?

—On Wednesday．

A． When                              B． What                               C． How

13． — Is that your book?

— ________．

A． That isn’t              B． It isn’t                  C． Yes, that isn’t        D． No, it isn’t

14． —________? Your face looks pale(苍白的)．

—I don’t feel well． I want to go to see a doctor．

A． What’s wrong       B． What’s the wrong  C． Who are you         D． What are you

15． —Are Jill and Helen in Class Two?

— ________． They are in Class Five．

A． Yes, they are         B． Yes, she is            C． No, they aren’t      D． No, she isn’t

16． —________ are the shoes?

—They’re 20 dollars．

A． When                   B． How much            C． How many            D． What

17． —Are these your ________?

— Yes, ________ are．

A． sisters; they           B． sister; they            C． sisters; these          D． sister; these

18． —_________ takes charge of the meeting?

—Tony． He knows much about the project．

A． Why                    B． Where                  C． What                    D． Who

19． —______ are the shoes?

— About 100 yuan．

A． How many            B． How much            C． What                    D． Who

20． —________ is your sister?

—She is eight．

A． How old               B． How                    C． How much            D． How many

21． ____ smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one．

A． What                    B． What a                 C． What an                D． How

22． There ________ any water in the glass．

A． is                         B． are                       C． isn’t                     D． aren’t

23． —Is he Jack?

— ________． His name is Dale．

A． Yes, he is              B． No, he is              C． Yes, he isn’t          D． No, he isn’t

24． ________ honest boy he is!

A． What an               B． What                    C． How an                D． How

25． —Did you watch the show this morning?

—Yes． ________ excellent they did!

A． What an                           B． How                                C． What

26． —Can Jane play chess?

—No, she ________．

A． doesn’t                            B． isn’t                                C． can’t

27．      —________is it from our school to the airport?    —About half an hour’s walk．

A． How long             B． How far               C． How much time     D． How soon

28． Here ________ your pens．

A． is                                    B． are                                  C． am

29． — _________ did your parents go last week?

—They went to Wuhan to visit my aunt．

A． What                    B． Why                    C． Who                     D． Where

30． — ________ run in the hallways．

— Sorry, Mr． Wang．

A． Don’t                   B． Doesn’t                C． Didn’t                  D． Isn’t

31． —Have we got any tomatoes?

— ________．

A． Yes, we have                    B． Yes, we are                      C． No, we aren’t

32． —Mom, must I clean my room?

—No, you __________．

A． mustn’t                B． needn’t                 C． can’t                    D． may not

33． —Must I do homework first?

—No, you ________．

A． needn’t                             B． can’t                                C． mustn’t

34． —Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize．（诺贝尔奖）

—_______ great she is! We Chinese are so proud of her．

A． What a                 B． What                    C． How a                  D． How

35． —________ do you go to school early every day, Sam?

—To clean the classroom．

A． How                    B． Where                  C． When                   D． Why

36． — Excuse me． ________?

— Yes, there is． It’s next to a post office．

A． Where is the bank                                    B． How far is the bank

C． Is there a bank near here                           D． How can I get to the bank

37． — ________ do they ________?

—They work in a restaurant．

A． Where; work         B． How; work           C． What; work           D． How; works

38． —Hello, Jack! __________ does it take you to ride a bike to your office every morning?

—Oh, it’s hard to say． It usually spends thirty-six minutes．

A． How many            B． How much            C． How far                D． How long

39． —It’s a nice day． ________ go out and have a picnic?

—Oh, that’s a good idea．

A． Why don’t            B． How about            C． Why not               D． Let’s

40． —________ do you practise swimming after school ?

—Sometimes．

A． How                    B． How many            C． How long             D． How often

41． — ______ does your father go to work in the morning?

—At seven．

A． Why                    B． What                    C． Where                  D． What time

42． Look at the photo of the Smiths． _________ happy they are!

A． How a                  B． How                    C． What                    D． What a

43． ________ is he? He looks overweight．

A． How many                                              B． How much

C． How heavy                                              D． How weight

44． —- ______?  —-He is my grandfather．

A． Who’s she                        B． Who’s he                         C． What’s he

45． —What ________ educational movie The Battle at Lake Changjin is!

—Yeah． I like it very much．

A． a                          B． an                        C． the                       D． /

46． There is little salt left for us to cook food, ________?

A． aren’t there           B． isn’t there             C． are there               D． is there

47． —Jack, could you come to my birthday party tomorrow?

—Sorry, I ________． I have to look after my grandmother at home．

A． won’t                   B． mustn’t                C． couldn’t                D． can’t

48． Tom, ________ late for school again．

A． isn’t                     B． don’t be               C． doesn’t be             D． aren’t

49． ________ excellent performance the artists gave at the CCTV Gala on New Year’s Eve!

A． What                    B． How                    C． What a                 D． What an

50． —What’s the weather like now?

—________．

A． It’s blue                B． It’s E-G-G            C． It’s big                 D． It’s cold

51． I think we can finish all the work before Friday, ________?

A． don’t I                             B． can’t we                           C． can we

52． —Is there a bank over there?  —___________．

A． Yes, there’s                      B． No, it isn’t                       C． Yes, there is

53． —You have little homework to do every day, _________?

—_________． I hardly have time for my hobbies．

A． do you; Yes, I do                                     B． do you; No, I don’t

C． don’t you; Yes, I do                                  D． don’t you; No, I don’t

54． —________ arrive late for class, Mike．

—I won’t．

A． Can’t                   B． Doesn’t                C． Don’t                   D． Do

55． — Lisa, ________ will the new park be built?

— It will be built in the center of the city．

A． who                     B． where                   C． what                     D． why

56． — _______ do you live from school?

— About 15 minutes’ bus ride．

A． How much                                              B． How long

C． How far                                                  D． How soon

57．  —Are these your cousins?

—________．

A． Yes, they are                    B． Yes, these are                   C． No, these aren’t

58． —________ do you usually come to school in the morning?

—By bike．

A． What                    B． Where                  C． When                   D． How

59． — ________ do you exercise?

—Every day． Exercising is good for health．

A． How often                        B． How long                         C． How soon

60． — ________ wonderful experience it was to take part in the recording of Call me by fire!

— Yes． Though they are not young any more, they work hard in their own field．

A． What                    B． How                    C． What a                 D． How a

61． —________ do you know about Tom?

— Since I was a kid, we have known each other well．

A． How much                       B． How long                         C． How often

62． There is a bridge ________ the river． Be careful when ________ it．

A． across; over          B． over; crossing       C． over; across           D． over; cross

63． —Must I finish my homework?

—No, you_______． You may do it tomorrow．

A． needn’t                 B． can’t                    C． mustn’t                 D． couldn’t

64． Grandpa, follow the doctor’s advice, ________ you will be well very soon．

A． and                                  B． or                                    C． so

65． —Paul, can you come to my party this Saturday?

—_________． I have to help my mother around the house．

A． See you then．                                        B． OK． Let’s meet at 11．

C． Sorry, I can’t．                                       D． Great, I’d love to．

66． Tell me the way to the cinema, ________ you?

A． will                      B． need                     C． shall                     D． may

67． —Does he speak English?

—______． He can speak a little．

A． Yes, he does                     B． No, he doesn’t                  C． Yes, he is

68． —________do you like learning English?

—Because I think it is very interesting．

A． What                    B． How                    C． Where                  D． Why

69． —The strawberries look nice． ________ are they?

—30 yuan a kilo．

A． How old               B． How long             C． How many            D． How much

70． —Are you Alice?

—________．

A． Yes, I’m                B． Yes, she is            C． No, I’m                 D． Yes, I am

71． — Grandma, you ________ need to buy any fruit now． You can do it after dinner．

— OK．

A． doesn’t                 B． don’t                    C． isn’t                     D． aren’t

72． — Steven had nothing for breakfast this morning, ________?

—________． Because he had a fever．

A． hadn’t he; No        B． had he; Yes           C． didn’t he; yes        D． did he; No

73． Why ________ the policeman over there? He may know the way to the hotel．

A． don’t ask               B． don’t to ask           C． not to ask              D． not ask

74． —He isn’t a Japanese, is he?

—________． He is from Japan．

A． Yes, he is              B． No, he isn’t          C． Yes, he isn’t          D． No, he is

75． The dirty water from the factory has caused serious pollution, _________?

A． didn’t it                B． hasn’t it                C． won’t it                D． doesn’t it

76． — ________ wonderful the music is!

—Yes． It makes me relax after a busy day．

A． How a                             B． What a                             C． How

77． —Can your brother play chess?

—Yes, he ________ ． But he can’t play ________．

A． can; good             B． can’t; nice            C． can; well               D． can’t; fine

78． — Hi, Dave． Do you want to watch Peter Rabbit 2 (《彼得兔2》) this evening?

— I’d love to, but I _______ go out on school days．

A． don’t have to        B． can’t                    C． have to                 D． can

79． —Is there a hotel around here?

—________ ． It’s on Bridge Street．

A． Yes, it is               B． No, it isn’t            C． Yes, there is          D． No, there isn’t

80． —There will be a concert in our school tomorrow night．

—________ exciting news it is!

A． What                    B． How                    C． What an                D． How an

81． ________ exciting it is! Our country put her first homemade aircraft carrier(国产航空母舰) in the water on April 26 in Dalian．

A． How                                                       B． What

C． How an                                                   D． What an

82． __________ the boy is running! He must be the first place．

A． What fast              B． How quick            C． How fast               D． How slowly

83． —Andy, will your cousin go for a picnic this Sunday?

—If I don’t go, ________．

A． so does he             B． so he does             C． neither will he       D． neither does he

84． Why not ________ tickets ahead of time? His concert is so popular．

A． book                    B． to book                C． booking                D． booked

85． — I was a volunteer at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games．

— Good for you! ________ valuable experience you had!

A． How                    B． What a                 C． What                    D． How a

86． —Didn’t she come to school yesterday?

—________, though (虽然) she was not feeling well．

A． No, she didn’t       B． No, she did           C． Yes, she didn’t      D． Yes, she did

87． —________ great football player Christiano Ronaldo is!

—Yes, he is ________ popular that the football fans around the world admire him very much．

A． What a; so            B． What; so               C． How; such            D． How; so

88． — John draws pictures very well in our school．

—_______． He is popular with his schoolmates．

A． So he is                           B． So he does                       C． So does he

89． — ________ you ________ free tomorrow?

— Yes, I am．

A． Are; going to        B． Are; will              C． Are; will be          D． Are; going to be

90． Look! ________ happily the students are playing in the playground!

A． How                    B． What                    C． What a                 D． How a

91． Tommy, _______ play basketball in the street next time． You may get hit by a car．

A． do                                                          B． don’t

C． must                                                       D． mustn’t

92． —The price of vegetables has ________ in the past few days because of the rainstorm．

—________．

A． risen; So it has                  B． raised; So it has                C． raised; So has it

93． Lily used to paint pictures after school, ________?

A． did she                 B． doesn’t she            C． didn’t she              D． do she

94． — ________ you ________ TV at the moment?

— No, you can turn it off．

A． Did; watch            B． Are; watching       C． Do; watch             D． Have; watched

95． —Li Lei is very strict with himself, he has improved his math a lot this term．

—________, and ________．

A． So he has; so you have                             B． So he has; so have you

C． So has he; so have you                              D． So has he; so you have

96． —Could you tell me _______ it takes to walk to the Disneyland?

—About 20 minutes．

A． how far                B． how long              C． how often             D． how soon

97． – Last summer holiday, I didn’t go anywhere． How boring!

–     ． But I’m going somewhere for a holiday this summer．

A． Neither I did         B． Neither did I         C． So did I                D． So I did

98． — ________ interesting the storybook is!

— Yes． I have read it twice．

A． What an               B． What                    C． How an                D． How

99．             you smell something burning? Go and see what’s happening．

A． Can                      B． May                     C． Must                    D． Need

100． —Wow! ______clean air we have today!

—Yes． Look! A lot of adults are doing Kung fu over there．

A． How                    B． What a                 C． How a                  D． What

二、句子成分

1． His little brother is ________．

A． five years old        B． five-year-old         C． five-year               D． five years

2． Lucy doesn’t pay for the juice, because it is free．

A． 宾语                    B． 主语                    C． 表语                    D． 谓语

3． We’re going to play football ______．

A． at present              B． last week              C． the day after tomorrow   D． now

4． — Where is ________ dictionary?

— ________ the sofa．

A． Tom; On               B． Tom’s ; On           C． Tom ; In               D． Tom’s; Of

5． My sister bought me a new skirt yesterday．

A． 主语                    B． 直接宾语             C． 间接宾语             D． 宾语补足语

6． The height of the handsome boy is 1．8 meters(米)．

A． 谓语                    B． 宾语                    C． 表语                    D． 定语

7． —Work hard and you’ll______ one day．

—You are right． Working hard leads to_____．

A． success, succeed                                       B． succeed, success

C． success, successful                                    D． succeed, successful

8． —When will the film Transformers 5 be on?

—Maybe ________． I am not sure．

A． every year            B． next year              C． that year               D． last year

9． Everyone in my class ________ the book is good, but I don’t think it’s ________ useful one．

A． saying; the            B． says; an                C． saying; /               D． says; a

10． The old people live a happy life in our village．

A． 宾补                    B． 定语                    C． 状语                    D． 表语

11． Smiling will make people think you are friendly． 划线部分在句中作______。

A． 定语                                B． 宾语补足语                     C． 宾语

12． When the government officials ________ their uniforms, they look formal．

A． put on                  B． wearing                C． dress in                 D． in

13． Mr． White’s speech made his students moved deeply．

A． 谓语                    B． 状语                    C． 宾语                    D． 宾补

14． What does your friend look like?

A． 定语                                B． 主语                                C． 宾语

15． My sister is ________ now． She and I are in the same school．

A． 13 old                  B． 13 years               C． 13-year-old           D． 13 years old

16． — How does she usually go to work?

— She ________． It’s good exercise．

A． takes the train       B． takes the bus         C． by bike                 D． walks

17． At weekend I usually _______TV at home．

A． see                       B． watch                   C． look                     D． to watch

18． The computer has become a useful tool to help people．

A． 表语                    B． 谓语                    C． 状语                    D． 定语

19． —Did Cathy have problems ________ maths?

—Yes． I found her ________ on a math problem for nearly half an hour．

A． on, to work           B． with, working       C． on, working          D． with, to work

20． Here ___________ my family photos．

A． is                         B． are                       C． am                       D． be

21． I think ________ should be responsible for themselves and study harder to achieve their dreams．

A． sixteen-year-old    B． sixteen-year-olds   C． sixteen years         D． sixteen-year

22． —Do you often speak English _______, Linda?

—Yes． I speak _______ English．

A． everyday; every day          B． every day; everyday          C． everyday; everyday

23． —Do they speak ________ English ________?

—Yes, they do．

A． everyday; every day          B． every day; everyday          C． everyday; everyday

24． Their plants don’t grow well, but ________ look really good．

A． we                       B． our                      C． ours                     D． ourselves

25． Betty’s family ________ all ________ home．

A． is; in                    B． are; at                  C． are; on                  D． is; at

26． The number of boys in our class _________ twenty-eight and a number of them _________ good at sports．

A． are; are                 B． is; are                   C． are; is                   D． is; is

27． These are his students． 划线部分的句子成份是 ________。

A． 主语                                B． 表语                                C． 谓语

28． —Do _________ like going to ___________?

—I don’t know．

A． woman teachers, clothes shops                   B． women teachers, clothes shops

C． woman teachers, sport shops                      D． women teachers, vegetables shops

29． No way! I don’t think ________ should be allowed to drive． I am worried about your safety．

A． fifteen year old     B． fifteen-year-olds    C． fifteen-year-old     D． fifteen years old

30． He will be much stronger _________．

A． in 10 year’s time    B． in 10 years            C． after 10 year’s time D． 10 years ago

31． We shall have ______ time to talk about it．

A． many                   B． lot of                   C． a few                    D． plenty of

32． —When could Jim swim?

—________．

A． Three years before．B． Before three years．C． Three years ago D． Ago three years．

33． My father ________ basketball．

A． like                      B． likes                     C． is like                   D． liking

34． They were listening to his story in ________．

A． quiet                    B． quietly                 C． silence                  D． silent

35． The woman in a red coat is my mother．

A． 宾语                    B． 状语                    C． 表语                    D． 定语

36． What are you going to do ________?

A． the day before yesterday                           B． the day before tomorrow

C． the day after tomorrow                             D． the day after yesterday

37． She came back to Nanjing ________ with her grandpa．

A． for two weeks       B． two weeks ago      C． since two weeks ago       D． in two weeks

38． — Look, this is my new mobile phone．

— It’s very nice． Could you tell me ________?

A． where to buy         B． where to buy it      C． where will buy it   D． where I will buy

39． —How long does it take you?

—The ________ takes me half an hour．

A． ride bus                B． bus ride                C． rides bus               D． buses’ ride

40． He is still ________ at midnight．

A． work                    B． works                   C． at work                 D． at working

41． We’ll have a ________ holiday． What about going to the West Lake?

A． two days               B． two-days              C． two-days’             D． two days’

42． —Which girl is your cousin?

—________．

A． The one in a red coat                                B． The one wears a red coat

C． The one is in a red coat                             D． The one is wearing a red coal

43． Tom ________ in the end, and his ________ made us excited．

A． succeeded; success

B． succeeds; successful

C． success; succeed

D． successful; succeed

44． 关于句子They were offered something to eat as soon as they arrived at the shelter．,说法正确的是_________．

A． offered的发出者是they                          B． to eat是定语

C． arrive是及物动词，可以接宾语              D． as soon as引导的是定语从句

45． My grandma often tells me stories at night． 划线部分在句子中做：

A． 宾语                                B． 表语                                C． 状语

46． There is something wrong with my father’s computer． He wants to have someone ________ it and have it ________．

A． check; repair         B． check; repaired      C． checked; repaired   D． checked; repair

47． —Alice, I heard you had a _______． —Yes, we went to Xi’an． We had never visited _______ city．

A． seven days’ holiday; the most fantastic       B． seven days holiday; the most fantastic

C． seven-day holiday; a most fantastic            D． seven-days holiday; a most fantastic

48． 关于句子“Don’t keep asking what your country can do for you．”描述正确的是___________．

A． what引导的是宾语从句                          B． 这不是一个句子，因为没有主语

C． asking是谓语动词的形式                        D． what是从句中的主语

49． My dream home is a large house ________ a big garden and a swimming pool．

A． there is                 B． has                       C． have                     D． with

50． I hope my best friend ________ to my birthday party next Sunday．

A． to come                B． come                    C． coming                 D． can come

…………

参考答案

一、

1． D

【解析】句意：今天天气多好啊！

考查感叹句。感叹句结构：1、What+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！2、What+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！3、How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！fine weather是不可数名词，it是主语；is是谓语，所以用what，故选D。

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