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2023年新九年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练
第16讲 主谓语一致
第一部分 主谓语一致相关语法
命题趋势：
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。
考试考查重点：
主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
考点一：主谓一致的三个原则
1.意义一致
意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：
Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。
The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。
典例
1.—Ma Yun as well as Ren zhengfei _______ tons of attention wherever they go.
—Yeah, they are very successful. We believe that struggle(奋斗) creates history and hard work makes
a _______ future.
A.gets; brightly B. get; brightC.gets; bright D. get; brightly
【答案】C
【解析】 考查主谓一致和形容词、副词辨析。句意：——马云和任正非一样，无论走到哪里都会受到大量关注。——是的，他们非常成功。我们相信奋斗创造历史，艰苦的工作营造出一个光明的未来。as well as Ren zhengfei是插入语，上句中的主语是第三人称单数Ma Yun，故其后的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，可排除B、D项。由第二空后面的名词future可知，此处应用形容词作定语。故选C。
2.语法一致
语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：
My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。
These books are old. 这些书是旧的。
典例
My family ______ for dinner now. We’re busy.
A.is preparing B are preparing C. prepares
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：我的家人现在正在准备晚餐。我们很忙。由时间状语now可知要用现在进行时，主语family此处表示“家人”，谓语用复数。故选B。
3.就近原则
就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。
Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。
Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。
典例
Not only Jim but also Lucy ______ a few cities since they came to China.
A.will visit B. visited C. have visited D. has visited
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：自从Jim和Lucy来到中国那时起，他们都参观了好几个城市。由句意知，since在这里意为“自从……”，其引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词应用现在完成时态，排除A、B；not only…but also…引导两个主语时，其谓语动词是随着后面的主语的单复数的变化而变化，本句后面的主语Lucy是单数，句子谓语动词用单数，排除C。故选D。
知识归纳
| 含义 | 例句 | |
| 语法一致 | 指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。 | Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。 |
| 意义一致 | 又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。 | My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 |
| 就近一致 | 又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。 | Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 |
考点二：并列结构作主语
由and或both… and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。
John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。
Both bread and milk are good for you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。
【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。
考点三：＂名词+介词短语＂作主语
名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。
考点四：不定代词作主语
1.当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。
Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。
Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。
Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2.当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗？
Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。
典例
To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their teacher ________ going to the party this evening.
A.was B. are C. is
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：为了避免聚集，学生们和他们的老师今晚都不会去参加聚会。neither…nor…短语作主语时，遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词形式和nor后面的名词或代词的数保持一致。根据teacher的单数形式可知谓语用is。故选C。
考点五：There be和Here be的就近原则
There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。
There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。
Here are some flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。
典例
There_________ more than two ways to solve this maths problem.
A.am B. is C. are D.be
【答案】C
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：解决这道数学题的方法不止有两种。There be结构意为有，主语是后面的名词，more than two ways是复数，所以用are。故选C。
考点六：特殊名词作主语
1.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。
The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)
Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2.＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。
The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。
The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3.以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。
The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。
4.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。
A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。
Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。
考点七：表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。
Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。
100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。
2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3.＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。
4.＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5.the rest of… 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。
The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。
The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。
6.＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。
7.＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。
A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。
The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。
8.＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。
Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。
考点八：动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。
To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。
What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。
典例
To the west of our school_____ some bookstores and a park.
A.lies B. lie C. has D. have
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：一些书店和一座公园位于我们学校西面。lie位于；have有。地点状语提前用全部倒装。因为主语是some bookstores and a park (一些书店和一座公园),故用复数lie。故选B。
【辨析】
| 其他情况 | 例句 |
| and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。 | The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) |
| ＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。 | Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 |
| ＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。 | The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。
A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。 |
| 由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 | The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。 |
| 当not only… but also…，not… but…，or，either… or….，neither… nor…等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。 | Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影
Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。 |
| 某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 | The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。
The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。 |
| 【知识拓展】
如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。 |
|
主谓语一致巧记顺口溜
第二部分 主谓语一致专项训练（含解析）
一、单项选择
1．His father believed ________ his son ________ his friend. He thought that both were lying.
A．either; or B．neither; nor C．both; and D．not only; but also
2．There________any classes tomorrow if there is much________.
A．isn’t going to be; snowier B．isn’t going to be; snow
C．aren’t going to be; snow D．aren’t going to be; snowier
3．—What do you think of the film Dying to Survive?
—I like it very much. It’s__________interesting__________meaningful.
A．neither； nor B．not； but C．not only； but also D．either； or
4．There_______ bears if we don’t protect them.
A．won’t be any B．will have no C．won’t have any D．will be some
5．There are three ______ in the company（公司）. They are all ______.
A．worker; German B．workers; Germen C．workers; Germans
6．Mona Lisa ______ by Leonardo da Vinci.
A．paints B．painted C．was painted D．were painted
7．Everybody except Tom and Paul ________ in the classroom when the teacher came in.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
8．So far, the number of people using 5G smartphones ________ a lot.
A．is increasing B．are increasing C．has increased D．have increased
9．—How much ________ this pair of sports shoes, sir?
—Only ten dollars. All the sports shoes in our store ________ at very good prices.
A．are; are B．are; is C．is; are D．is; is
10．The number of the students in our class ________ about 30. And a number of them ________ unhappy with the decision.
A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are D．are, is
11．He has ________ for three years. Three years ________ a long time.
A．left hometown, are B．been away from hometown, is
C．left hometown, is D．been away from hometown, are
12．Tony and his friends often ____________ movies on weekends.
A．watched B．watch C．will watch D．are watching
13．_______ human beings ________ animals can live without air.
A．Both, and B．Either, or C．Neither, nor D．Not only, but also
14．—Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader?
—The reader, of course. ____________I ____________my brother like it.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and
15．She used to ________ the dog and ________ play with it.
A．was afraid of; be afraid to B．be afraid of; was afraid to
C．be afraid to; be afraid to D．was afraid to; be afraid to
16．Many city people __________their bikes to work because it’s good for protecting the environment.
A．ride B．will ride C．riding D．have ridden
17．Not only Jim but also Lucy ____________ a few cities since they came to China.
A．will visit B．visited C．have visited D．has visited
18．________ Jane ________ Peter is warm-hearted. They’re popular with our class.
A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Neither; nor D．Either; or
19．—Do you know the man ________ standing at the gate?.
—No, I don’t.
A．who are B．whom are C．who is D．whom is
20．Not only Jack but also I ______ crazy about the football match.
A．am B．is C．are
21．Many books and magazines to the children in the poor areas in northwestern China last month.
A．send B．sent C．were sent D．are sent
22．A lot of trees________around here every year and we can enjoy fresher air now.
A．plant B．is planted C．were planted D．are planted
23．My mom ________ a cup of coffee on her way home every day.
A．buys B．bought C．is buying D．will buy
24．________ Kitty ________ Simon are energetic.
A．Either…or B．Not only …but also C．Neither…nor D．Both… and
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
25．—Hey! Would you like to join us having a drink in the newly-opened pub after work?
—Well, that __________ (depend). I’ll ask my wife first.
26．There is no need for the children ________(buy) so many clothes.
27．Over three years________since I became a middle school student. I love the teachers and the classmates here.(pass)
28．The teacher and dancer always ________ (teach) us how to dance.
三、完成句子
29．不论她做什么都从不放弃。
Whatever she does, she never ______ _____!
30．毫无疑问，电脑在科技和商业上是很有用的。
There is _______ _______that computers are very useful in technology and business.
…………
参考答案
1．B
【详解】
句意：他的父亲既不相信他的儿子，也不相信他的朋友。他认为两人都在撒谎。
考查连词辨析。either; or要么……要么……，表示二者择其一；neither; nor……和……两者都不；both; and……和……两者都；not only; but also不仅……而且……，表递进。根据“He thought that both were lying他认为两人都在撒谎”，可知两人都不可信，ACD三项意思都与句意不合，故选B。
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