第15讲 定语从句和关系代词-2023年新九年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新九年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

第15讲 定语从句和关系代词

第一部分   定语从句和关系代词相关语法

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

命题趋势：

定语从句是考试必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。

考试考查重点：

关系代词的用法；

在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。

【图示】

考点一: 定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

考点二: 定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

考点三: 关系代词的基本用法 

The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。

The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。

典例—I heard that Shao Yifu passed away.

—Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals.

A.who           B. whom               C. which               D. /

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——我听说邵逸夫去世了。——是的，他是一个伟大的人，他捐赠数十亿美元给慈善机构，学校和医院。这是一个定语从句，先行词是人，故用who/whom引导，在从句中作主语时用who，故选A。

注意1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。

He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。

He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。

2.通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：

（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。

That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。

典例Someone _______________ you know might really need the money.

A.which                B. what                      C. that                        D. who

【答案】C

【解析】句意：你认识的某个人可能真的需要钱。you know 这里缺少的是一个宾语成分，而这是一个定语从句，someone是先行词，当先行词是不定代词的时候，关系代词用that，故选C。

（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。

Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。

（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。

（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。

We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。

It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。

（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：

（1）先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。

Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

方法技巧顺口溜

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

命题趋势：

定语从句是考试必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。

考试考查重点：

关系代词的用法；

在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系副词有when，where，why等

关系副词的基本用法

1.when在句中作状语，表示时间。

He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。

This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。

2.where在句中作状语，表示地点。

This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。

This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。

3.why在句中作状语，表示原因。

This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

典例—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?

—I’m not sure. Is it in the hall ___________ can hold 300 people?

A.where B. what C. thatD. when

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句。先行词是hall，表示地点，所以用that。

【易错提醒】

1.当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：

☛This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.

这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）

2.当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：

☛It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.

把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。

3.关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。

☛Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？

典例We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____________ the weather may be better.

A.that B. where C. which  D. when

【参考答案】D

【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。

【易错提醒】

当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：

☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?

你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）

☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?

你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）

【速记口诀】

三、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。

Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝，它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。

2、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。

That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬。

3、除which外，还可用when， where， who，whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。

After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。

注意that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

4、在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。

第二部分   定语从句专项训练 （含解析）

一、单项选择

1．This is a heartwarming story about a boy _________ saved his mother’s life.

A．which       B．what  C．where       D．who

2．以下各句中含有定语从句的是______________________.

①The police have confirmed that the victim was a computer engineer.

②They were trying to find out whether the victim was killed at the scene.

③We’re asking anyone who saw anything unusual to contact us.

④They were checking the scene for more clues that will help solve the case.

A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．②④

3．— Jim is so busy with his work on the computer now.

— Yes, he is searching the information __________ he needs for his article.

A．that   B．whether    C．what  D．who

4．This photo often reminds the man of his grandfather ________ died five years ago.

A．which       B．who  C．whom       D．he

5．—I’d like to read some Chinese classics. Any suggestions?

—Journey to the West. It’s a book _______is about Monkey King.

A．what B．who  C．that   D．/

6．The book provides a lot of articles ______can improve students’ reading ability.

A．who  B．that   C．what  D．where

7．—You have been to Yangzhou recently. What do you think of this city?

— I like it very much, and I think it is the most beautiful place ____ I have ever been to.

A．which       B．that   C．where       D．who

8．—Have you heard of Junko Tabei?

—Yes, she was the first woman ________ succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma.

A．who  B．whom       C．which       D．that

9．—Wechat (微信)is a tool _______ can help people talk to friends or share photos, ideas.

—How wonderful it is!

A．when B．who  C．that   D．what

10．A detective is someone ____________looks for clues to something important.

A．whom      B．who  C．what  D．which

11．Those students ____ from England like Chinese food very much.

A．who is      B．which are  C．that is       D．who are

12．I will never forget the day___________ we spent in the old town.

A．who  B．whom       C．that   D．what

13．The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything ________ comes along their way.

A．which       B．who  C．when D．that

14． ——Look，it’s the most beautiful park___________ I’ve ever visited before.

—–Really？How I wish to go to see it for myself!.

A．that   B．which       C．whom       D．who

15．A government is a group of people ______ make decisions about the way people live.

A．who  B．which       C．whom       D．whatever

16．I don’t like _______________ as you read.

A．the novels B．the such novels C．such novels      D．same novels

17．The first thing________I did on Mother’s Day was to make breakfast for her.

A．who  B．whom       C．that   D．what

18．I am the person______ wrote to you last week．

A．whom      B．who

C．which       D．he

19．________have finished the work can leave.

A．Those who       B．Anyone    C．The one who    D．They

20．The four tools _________ people use for Chinese handwriting are called“Four Treasures of Study”.

A．that   B．who  C．what  D．whom

二、完成句子

Ⅱ.用适当的连词或关系词完成句子

21．I wonder _________ anyone can give me a hand.

22．The teacher often asks us _________ we understand him or not in class.

23．He told us ___________ the environment is badly polluted in the town.

24．Sorry，but I’d take back ______ I said just now.

25．Could you tell me ___________ is our new English teacher？

26．I’d like to find someone ______________ can show me around the school.

27．Could you lend me the book _________ you showed me yesterday？

28．I walked towards a man __________ shirt was white with a red tie.

29．I bought a coat ______ looked the same as yours.

30．This is the room _______ my grandpa used to live. Sadly, he has been dead for many years.

…………

参考答案

1．D

【详解】

句意：这是一个关于一个男孩救了他母亲的生命的感人故事。

考查关系代词。根据句子结构可知，该空后引导的是一个定语从句，修饰名词a boy。which是关系代词，先行词应是物，故排除A；what不能引导定语从句，故排除B；where是关系副词，在从句中作状语，不符合句意，故排除C；who关系代词，先行词是人，在从句中作主语。故选D。

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