第6讲 形容词、副词的比较等级-2023年新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新八年级英语暑假精品课及练习

第6讲 形容词、副词的比较等级

第一部分 语法

一、形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

（1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。

① 单音节单词
small→smaller→smallest     short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest           great→greater→greatest

② 少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词
clever→cleverer→cleverest      narrow→narrower→narrowest

（2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest   nice→nicer→nicest    able→abler→ablest

（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest  hot→hotter→hottest  fat→fatter→fattest

（4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest     heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest    happy→happier→happiest

（5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily

（6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。
good→better→best           well→better→best
bad→worse→worst           ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most     little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

记住一个口诀：两好，两坏和两多；一小，一远和一老

二、形容词副词原级比较

1.表示比较双方程度相同时，常用“as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as ” 结构，意为“…..和…..一样”

Tom is as tall as Jack. 汤姆和杰克一样高。

Fuzhou is as beautiful as Hangzhou. 福州和杭州一样美丽。

He runs as fast as I. 他和我一样跑得快。

Tom studies as hard as Jim. 汤姆和吉姆学习一样努力。

You write as carefully as I. 你和我写得一样认真。

2.表示比较双方程度不同时：“not as /so+ 形容词/副词原级 + as ”结构， 意为“….与…不一样”或 “……不如……”

Tom is not as /so tall as Jack. 汤姆不如杰克高（汤姆和杰克不一样高）。

The weather here is not as/so cool as that in Harbin.这的天气不如哈尔滨的天气凉快。

He doesn’t run as/so fast as I. 他跑得不如我快。

Tom doesn’t study as/so hard as Jim. 汤姆学习不如吉姆努力。

​特别注意：

①为避免双方比较名词的重复，通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词，that指代物,one既可指代人也可指代物，that可指代可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能指代可数名词。

The water in this river is clean than that in that river.

这条河的水与那条河的水一样干净。

The weather in Beijing is not so good as that in Hainan.

北京的天气没有海南的天气好。

The roads here were not so clean as those in our hometown.

这里的路没有我们家乡的路干净。

This house is as beautiful as that one. 这座房子与那座房子一样漂亮。

This song sounds as beautiful as that one. 这首歌听起来与那首歌一样优美。

The girls in Class Two are as beautiful as ones in Class Six.

二班的女孩与六班的女孩一样漂亮。

②有时也可以用名词性物主代词(如：mine,ours,theirs,yours,hers等)代替前面出现的名词。

Your school is as big as mine. 你的学校与我的学校一样大。

The food was not as delicious as ours.食物没有我们的食物美味。

③ “as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as ” 结构中，选择“形容词” 还是“副词”取决于谓语动词是实义动词还是系动词。如果是系动词就用“形容词”，否则用“副词”。

Maria cooked as successfully as Jane.玛丽煮饭与简一样成功。

I live as happily as before.我过得跟以前一样快乐。

She is writing as carefully as Lucy.她写得与路西一样认真。

Lucy is not so lovely as Lily.路西没有丽丽可爱。

This song sounds as beautiful as that one.这首歌听起来与那首歌一样优美 The food tastes as delicious as theirs.食物尝起来与他们的食物一样美味。

④在“as … as”结构前加上倍数词，表示“……是……的几倍……”

My bedroom is twice as big as yours.我的卧室是你的卧室的两倍大。

Your table is three times as long as mine.你的桌子是我的桌子的三倍长。

He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

倍数词/分数/百分数+ as 形容词/副词原级+ as …

→“…..是…….的几倍/几分之几/百分之几….”

This box is four times as heavy as that box.

这个盒子是那个盒子的四倍重。

The population of this city is twice as large as that of that city.

这个城市的人口是那个城市的两倍。

Your apple is two thirds as big as mine.

你的苹果是我的苹果的三分之二大。

三、形容词和副词比较级的用法
（1）“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。
（2）“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

(3)“比较级+and+比较级”或者“more and more+形容词”“表示越来越…”

When the spring is coming, it gets warmer and warmer.

(4)“the +比较级…the+比较级”“表示越……越……”

The more harder you are, the more you will get.

注意：可修饰比较级的词有：a little, a bit, a lot, far, much, even, still等。

Now the air in my hometown is much better than before.

四、形容词和副词最高级的用法
（1）“主语+be+the+形容词最高级（+单数名词）+in/of…”表示“……是……中最……的”。
Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
This apple is the biggest of the five. 这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
（2）“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of…”表示“……是……中最……的”。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。

注意：

（1）最高级常与in，of， among等表示范围的词连用，用于三者或三者以上的比较，表示“在……中最”

Jimmy is the tallest boy in his class.

Alice is the shortest girl of three.

This book is the most interesting one among them.

(2)形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，但如果最高级前面有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰词时，则不用定冠词。

第二部分  形容词、副词比较等级专项训练（含解析）

一、单项选择

1．—In our club, Kate plays the violin___________.

—Yeah! She even plays it as well as her music teacher.

A．more beautiful B．the most beautiful

C．more beautifully      D．the most beautifully

2．-How careful Jim is!  – He writes ____ in our class.

A．more careful    B．most carefully  C．most careful     D．more carefully

3．Tom is good at soccer. He plays soccer ________ of all the boys in his class.

A．good B．well  C．better       D．best

4．—Did Jake drink the most last night?

—Not at all. In fact, he drank ________ of all.

A．more B．most  C．less   D．least

5．— Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing?

— I preferred __________ two years ago, but now I like rowing __________.

A．swimming;best B．swim;better C．swam;best      D．swimming;better

6．Mike did quite__________in the math exam, but Linda did even__________.

A．bad. worse       B．badly, worst     C．badly, worse     D．bad. worst

7．_______ you did the homework,_______ grades you’ll get.

A．The more careful; the worse    B．The more carefully;  the better

C．The more careful; the better    D．The more carefully;  the worse

8．–Do you know the difference between successful and unsuccessful people?

–Of course. Usually successful people take their work ________ than others.

A．more serious    B．seriously

C．seriouslier    D．more seriously

9．He said that the subway ran _____than the bus.

A．get    B．quicker     C．quickly     D．more quickly

10． ________ you do your homework，________ mistakes you will make．

A．The more carefully；the fewer      B．The more carefully；the less

C．The more careful；the fewer  D．The more careful；the less

11．In my hometown, it is ______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.

A．hot; hotter       B．hot; hot    C．hotter; hot D．hotter, hottest

12．The weather in Chongqing is much ________ than that in Guangdong in winter.

A．cold  B．colder       C．coldest      D．the coldest

13．The weather is getting ________ and very soon it will be spring.

A．warm and warm      B．warmer and warmer C．cold and cold   D．colder and colder

14．—Which river is the ________ of the two, the Nile or the Yangtze River?

—The Nile. And it is the ________ both in Africa and the world.

A．longest; longer B．longest; longest

C．longer; longest D．longer; longer

15．He is a little____________ than you, but he is as____________ as you.

A．thin; healthy    B．thinner; healthier     C．thinner; healthy       D．thin; healthier

16．Leo is _______________of the three boys, but he’s _______________than the other two.

A．taller; older      B．taller; oldest

C．the tallest; younger  D．the tallest; the younger

17．—Is a bike _______ a car?    —Yes，I think so．

A．as more expensive as       B．much expensive than

C．not as cheapest as     D．a lot cheaper than

18．—Do you know which is__________country in the world?

—Canada. And it’s larger than__________in Asia.

A．second largest, other countries       B．the second largest, any country

C．the second largest, any other country     D．second largest, any country

19．Lin Tao is younger than ________boy in his class.

A．any other  B．any others C．the other   D．the others

20． The Yellow River is ________ in China.

A．the longest river      B．the first longest rivers

C．the second longest river   D．longer river

21．—Which month has _______________days in a year?

—It’s February.

A．the fewest B．the least    C．the most   D．quite a few

22．— China is one of ______ countries in the world.

— Yes. It has much ______ history than the USA．

A．old; long  B．older; longer

C．older; the longest     D．the oldest; longer

23．Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of ________person in the world.

A．richer       B．richest      C．the richest D．rich

24．Peter is ________of the three boys, but he’s ________than the other two.

A．tall; oldest       B．the tallest; younger  C．taller; older      D．tallest; younger

25．—Mickey is one of the _____________ famous cartoon characters.

—Yes, and no one has a pair of ears ___________ famous than his.

A．most; most       B．more; more      C．more; most      D．most; more

26．—Home is________place wherever you go.

—East or west, home is the best.

A．warm       B．warmer

C．warmest    D．the warmest

27．—I think the mobile phone is __________ of all.

—I don’t agree with you.

A．more useful     B．the more useful

C．most useful      D．the most useful

28．I think Sun Yang was one of _____ in the 2012 Olympic Games．

A．most popular player      B．the  most popular player

C．the most popular players  D．most popular players

29．Chanjiang River is one of________ in the world.

A．the longest river          B．the longer river        C．the longest rivers     D．the longer rivers

30．—Which is______，the sun，the moon or the earth?

—Of course，the moon is.

A．biggest    B．the biggest

C．smallest    D．the smallest

二、完成句子

31．如果我能像她一样优秀，我就能成功。（完成译句）

If I am ________ excellent ________ her,I can succeed.

32．看沏茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人愉快。

Watching the tea preparation is just ____ drinking the tea itself.

33．这条河的长度是那条河的五倍。

The river is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that one.

34．琳达喜欢跳舞，但她跳得不如她妹妹。

Linda loves dancing, but she ________ dance ________ ________ ________ her sister.

35．我跑步和Lin Tao一样快。

I run ________ ________ ________ Lin Tao.

36．Miss Wang speaks English ________ ________ ________ (与……一样好) him.

37．刘正不如邢飞跑得快。

Liu Zheng doesn’t run ________ ________ ________ Xing Fei.

三、汉译英：整句

38．我认为骑自行车不如游泳令人激动。

________________________________________

39．我认为这本书不如那本有意思。

__________________________________________________________________

40．我认为学外语不如做水果色拉有趣。

________________________________

…………

参考答案

1．D

【详解】

句意：——在我们的俱乐部，凯特拉小提琴拉得最优美。——耶！她甚至和她的音乐老师拉得一样好。

考查副词最高级。more beautiful更漂亮的，是形容词；the most beautiful最漂亮的，是形容词；more beautifully更漂亮地，是副词；the most beautifully最漂亮地，是副词。plays the violin是动宾短语，用副词修饰。根据in our club可知，此处是三者以上进行比较，用最高级，故选D。

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