专题06动词-2025年小升初英语专项突破之语法精讲（含答案）

2025年小升初英语专项突破之语法精讲

专题06动词

一、概念

动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。

二、分类、用法及典例

1． 及物动词和不及物动词

从是否需要宾语来分，实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。

a． 及物动词

后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。

例：”How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked． 哈里问：”这本书我可以借多久?”

Dr． Bethune set us a good example． 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。

b． 不及物动词

本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。

例：Birds fly． 鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932． 这件事发生于一九三二年六月。

My watch stopped． 我的表停了。

She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening． 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

c． 兼作及物动词和不及物动词

英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：

兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。

试比较：

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗? (begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school．她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词)

They left last week． 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)

兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。

Wash your hands before meals． 饭前要洗手。

Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

2． 系动词
系动词词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。小学英语中常见的系动词主要有be (am，is，are，was，were)还有look，smell，sound，feel，touch等。
例：I am a student． 我是一名学生。
She looks tired． 她看起来很累。

a． 在一般现在时中，be动词am，is，are的运用有所区别。
am，is，are的运用根据主语人称的变化而做出相应的变化。

b． 感官系动词。

sound 听起来   look 看起来  smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 feel 感觉起来 

例：The idea sounds so great． 这个主意听上去很不错。

He looks very angry． 他看上去很生气。
I felt very sad when I learned the bad news． 听到这个坏消息，我感到很难过。

3． become 变成        turn 变成            get 变得              go 变得

例：It is getting darker and darker． 天色越来越暗了。

典例精讲：

1． How old __________she?

2． We __________good friends．

3． Their classroom __________over there．

4． __________there any milk in the glass?

5． — When __________Victor’s birthday?

— It __________in Dec．

6． I __________fine, thank you．

Key: 1． is   2． are   3． is   4． Is   5． is; is   6． am

3． 助动词
助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常见的助动词有be，do，does，did，will，would和shall等。

a． 助动词be (am, is, are)
“助动词be＋现在分词” 构成现在进行时。
例：I’m drawing pictures．我在画画。
My father isn’t writing an email．我爸爸没在写电子邮件。
Two elephants are drinking water．两头大象在喝水。

b． 助动词do (does, did)
助动词do (does, did) 用于构成疑问句、否定句等结构。

它们的否定形式分别为do not＝don’t，does not＝doesn’t，did not＝didn’t。

【注意】

(1) 在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do。
(2) 助动词do, does, did后用动词原形。
例：I don’t like winter． It’s too cold． 我不喜欢冬天，太冷了。
John doesn’t live in Beijing． 约翰不住在北京。
Did you go to the cinema last Sunday? 上周日你去看电影了吗？ 

典例精讲：用do, does, did填空。

1． What __________your sisters do last night?

2． __________you ride a bike after school?

3． Where __________your father come from?

4． __________they do their homework last night?

5． __________you go shopping with your mother yesterday?

6． My father and mother __________not read newspapers on Sundays．

Key: 1． did   2． Do   3． does   4． Did   5． Did   6． do

c． 助动词will, shall
will和shall用于构成一般将来时。shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。
例：We shall go to London next week．下周我们将去伦敦。
My grandma won’t be able to see the e­card．我的祖母将不能看到这张电子卡片。

4． 情态动词
情态动词有can (能)，may (可以，也许)，must(必须)等及其过去式could，might等，表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。

【注意】情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。

常见的情态动词主要有以下几个：
a． can
用于表示“能力”“允许、可以”“可能性”。
例：Can I use your pen? 我能用你的笔吗？
She can swim a long distance． 她能游很长的距离。

b． may．
用于表示“可能性”“请求许可”等。
例：It may rain soon． 可能很快就要下雨了。
May I come in? 我可以进来吗？

c． must．
用于表示“必须、应该”“肯定、一定”。
例：Must I go right now? 我必须立刻就走吗？
She must be ill， for she didn’t come to school． 她肯定是病了，因为她没来上学。

d． will和would．
will/would you＋动词原形，表示请求、劝说的语气。
例：Will/Would you please close the door? 请你把门关上，好吗？
Would you like to go with me tonight? 今晚你愿意跟我去吗？
Come with me, will you? 请跟我来，好吗？

e． shall和should．
shall用作情态动词时表示征求意见。
例：Shall I speak louder? 我需要大点声说吗？
Shall we go now? 我们现在就走，怎么样？
should 用作情态动词时表示“应该、应当”。
例：You should do it all by yourself． 你应该自己完成它。
We should not/shouldn’t waste paper． 我们不应该浪费纸张。

小升初语法易错题精练专项突破系列

专题六 动词

一、单项选择。

(      ) 1． I asked my mother __________a coat．

A． send                                                   B． to send                               C． sending

(      ) 2． It’s 7:30． It’s time __________school．

A． to go                                                 B． to go to                                      C． going to

(      ) 3． Mr． Green __________near the bus stop．

A． live                                            B． lives                                    C． living

(      ) 4． She invites my family __________her house．

A． to                                              B． \                                         C． in

(      ) 5． — __________that a black dog?

— Yes, it is． It’s a black dog．

A． Are                                            B． Am                                     C． Is

(      ) 6． She __________her pen in her room now．

A． finds                                   B． is finding                             C． is looking for

(      ) 7． My sister sometimes __________kites __________Sunday afternoon．

A． fly, in                                         B． flies, on                               C． flies, in

(      ) 8． I __________TV every day．

A． watch                                         B． watched                               C． watches

(      ) 9． — Does Nancy watch TV every evening?

— __________．

A． Yes, he does．            B． Yes, she doesn’t．                      C． Yes, she does．

(      ) 10． Linda __________like singing or dancing．

A． do                                                  B． does                           C． doesn’t

(      ) 11． — Who __________Ben and Tim?

— They __________my classmates．

A． is; is                                        B． are; are                                     C． is; are

(      ) 12． You __________go and ask Meimei． She may know the answer．

A． must                                        B． will                                   C． can

(      ) 13． Everyone is here． __________we start the meeting?

A． Could                                      B． Should                                     C． Shall

(      ) 14． What sports __________British people like?

A． do                                                  B． does                                  C． are

(      ) 15． — Can you sing the song in English?

— No, I __________．

A． needn’t                                            B． can’t                           C． mustn’t

(      ) 16． — __________Alice often play the piano?

— No, she __________．

A． Do; do                                     B． Does; does                  C． Does; doesn’t

(      ) 17． That __________like a lot of fun．

A． sounds                                            B． looks                                 C． listens

(      ) 18． — __________you go to the museum?

— No, I went to the library．

A． Do                                                  B． Does                                 C． Did

二、按要求完成下列句子。

1． This isn’t my grandmother．(改为肯定句)

This __________my grandmother．

2． He has a new schoolbag．(改为否定句)

He __________ __________a new schoolbag．

3． I like green tea and orange juice．(改为否定句)

I __________like green tea __________orange juice．

4． My name is Alice．(改为同义句)

__________ __________Alice．

5． I don’t have any money．(改为肯定句)

I __________ __________money．

三、单项选择。

(      ) 1． Do you want __________?

A． to go to school     B． speak English C． go home   D． to the door

(      ) 2． — Must I stay at home, Mum?

— No, you __________．

A． needn’t            B． mustn’t            C． don’t                 D． may not

(      ) 3． She’d like __________with you． She wants some help．

A． to talk            B． speaking                  C． to say        D． to go

(      ) 4． Where are my shoes? I can’t __________them now．

A． finds       B． finding           C． look                      D． find

(      ) 5． __________the kite like this!

A． Flying      B． Flies               C． Fly                  D． To fly

(      ) 6． — Excuse me． Will you please tell me the way to the railway station?

— Oh, sorry, I don’t know． You __________go and ask that policeman．

A． may               B． must              C． would            D． should

(      ) 7． John __________come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet．

A． may               B． can                 C． has to             D． must

(      ) 8． This book __________Lucy’s． Look! Her name is on the cover．

A． can’t be          B． may be           C． mustn’t be         D． must be

(      ) 9． — __________I finish the work today?

— No, you ________．

A． Must; can’t    B． Must; needn’t    C． May; needn’t  D． Can; mustn’t

(      ) 10． — __________we ask you some questions?

— Sure, go ahead!

A． Will                      B． Can                   C． Must          D． Need

四、用所给词的恰当形式填空。

1． — __________ (do) your father __________ (watch) TV in the evening?

— No, he __________ (not)．

2． Tom usually __________ (play) football after school．

3． He __________ (live) in a small town near Nanjing．

4． I __________ (like) cooking and growing flowers．

5． I __________ (go) to school by bus, and he __________ (go) to school by bike．

6． My father usually __________ (read) newspapers at home．

7． My brother and I __________ (like) to play soccer after school．

8． Earth __________ (be) a beautiful planet in the universe．

9． She __________ (go) to school by bus every day．

10． Jane’s and John’s mum __________ (play) the piano for fun．

五、用所给词的恰当形式填空。

1． I __________ (watch) a Chinese cartoon last Saturday．

2． Helen __________ (talk) the National Day with her father last night．

3． Our teacher __________ (use) the computer to give us an English lesson yesterday．

4． __________you __________ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5． — __________he __________ (fly) a kite last Sunday?

— Yes, he __________．

6． Ben __________ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday．

7． My mother _______ (work) yesterday, but my father ______ (not) _______ (work)．

8． — What __________she __________ (do) in the garden last morning?

— She __________ (play) the guitar．

9． My sister __________ (wash) her dress the day before yesterday．

10． We __________ (go) to school last Saturday． We __________ (have) a party at school．

…………

参考答案

一、单项选择。

Key: 1-5 BBBAC

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