专题11 选词填空-2025年中考英语一轮语法复习题型讲义（全国通用）

2025年中考英语一轮语法复习题型讲义

专题11 选词填空

【复习目标】                                                                   

1．熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识

2．掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤

【网络构建】                                                                          

【考情分析】                                                                    

选词填空命题规律

【名师解难】

考生在做此类试题时应从以下几点入手：

1．明确词义，分类备选词

拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先研究方框中所给的备选词汇，判断每个单词的词性、词义，并进行归类。

2．借助线索，初步归位

通读全文，结合所学语法知识及上下文语境初步选择符合题意的词，针对相关的语法知识，考生可以从以下几个方面着手：

①如果空格后是谓语动词，且句子的其他内容完整，则该空格应考虑使用名词、人称代词、名词性物主代词、非谓语动词；

②如果空格前是句子主语，空格后是宾语，此处应考虑用动词作谓语，构成主谓宾结构；

③如果空格后是名词，空格前有限定词，则此处应考虑使用形容词或形容词性物主代词；

④如果空格前是动词，一般空格处考虑填写副词，同时要注意如果空格前是感官动词或be动词，则需要填形容词，构成主系表结构，此类系动词还有become, turn, get, seem等。

3．瞻前顾后，调整形式

经过初步归位后，我们还需要根据语境确定句意，根据语法调整词汇的适当形式，针对形式，考生可以从归纳的考点设置的特点来考虑。

4．通读全文，复核验证

复读短文，检查单词拼写是否正确，注意时态、语态、主谓一致和固定搭配，还有首字母大小写。

短文填空解题技巧

1．在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n．，动词-v．，形容词-a．，副词-ad． 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。

2．通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。

3．在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。

★对于名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches, friend-friend’s/friends’。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous；

★对于动词，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth．/used to do sth．/have sth． done…)；

★对于形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness;

★对于代词，注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；

★对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ；

★对于冠词，只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl /an old man;

★对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。

为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：

空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 ‘s 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。

4． 完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。

检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。

（2023·河南周口·校考三模）

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

It’s said that using certain skills is “just like riding a bike．” In other words, once they’ve been learned, you never forget     1    ． And it’s true that while we often forget facts, we can usually jump on a bike and ride away without     2     about it．

But why are you generally still able to ride a bike even after having not ridden one for     3    ? The answer is that certain skills, such as how to drive or     4     an instrument, are part of our procedural (程序性的) memory． It is a kind of long-term memory that performs     5     procedures． And while these procedures may be difficult to learn, once learned completely, they’re     6     forgotten．

This happens because procedural memory and declarative (陈述性的) memory are     7     in different parts of the brain． To tell the difference, declarative memory is responsible for remembering     8     like names, dates, and events from your life． Studies say that the cells (细胞) in the part storing procedural memory can not     9     lose or get hurt． So procedural memories aren’t erased very often．

Now you know      10      we don’t forget how to ride a bicycle． Can you name other skills that you’re also unlikely to ever forget?

（2023·江西赣州·模拟预测）

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后选择方框内所给的词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。

The Internet is used by people of all ages． Many use it for work,     11     for many others, it’s also a kind of hobby． There are many popular sites where     12     can chat safely．

On the one hand, socializing (社交) on the Internet is fun． The good thing about these sites     13     that you can make hundreds of friends from all over the world． You can tell     14     about yourself and your life, and you can find out things about them and their lives．

On the other hand, most of the “friends” that you     15     on the Internet are not real friends． You can     16     together or email each other, but you will probably     17     meet! Another drawback of socializing online is that you can     18     spend hours on the computer, which isn’t good for your     19    ．

To sum up, these sites are enjoyable     20     sometimes, but not all the time! It’s important to enjoy life in the real world, not just on a computer screen．

（2023·陕西榆林·校考模拟预测）

Mohammad Shahid is the headmaster of a school in India． He     21     about 10 years turning the school campus (校园) into a green world with his students．

When Shahid went to the school for the     22     time, he found it had few plants． Then he began to plant plants and     23     he made that as a hobby． His students got interested in what he did． So they joined     24    ． Shahid is hard-working． On weekends, he needn’t go to work, but he still drives 14 kilometers to     25     the plants． The students work hard, too． They spend lots of their free time looking after the plants． In the     26     eyes, it’s a fun learning experience．

Thanks to Shahid and his students, there     27     over 300 kinds of plants in the school now． There you can find fruit and vegetables like     28     and cabbages． The school uses the fruit and vegetables to     29     lunch for students． There are also many flowers． They add colors to the school． And they make the school      30      than before．

Because of its special campus, the school is popular in India． Many students dream of studying there．

（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测）

短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词或短语并使用其适当形式填空，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限用一次）

It was Election (选举) Day at Sunshine Middle School． Erica was    31    for the president of students． “If you elect me,” she shouted, “there’ll be no more homework! And no more school uniforms!” All the students cheered loudly． Erica was sure that she would be the final    32    of the president, because she’d spent a lot of time finding out what the students disliked．

Now it was Michael’s turn． Unlike Erica, he began    33   , “I cannot change everything students don’t like about the school, but I promise to work hard for you．”

“Boring!” Erica thought． She knew she was going to get the position． After the students voted (投票), all the votes    34   ． At the end of the day, the head teacher announced, “The new president is Michael!”

Erica was really    35   ． She’d made promises about all the important things． She could not understand    36    the students voted for him instead of her． Her best friend, Jenny, came to her． “Erica, I’m so sorry,” she said．

“I just can’t believe it,” Erica began． “They must have counted the votes wrong． I’ll ask them to do it again!” Jenny    37    her head． “I’m sorry, Erica, there was no mistake． I didn’t want to tell you, but Michael did get    38    votes． All the students I know voted for Michael．”

“I don’t understand,” said Erica． “The kids were cheering at my    39   ． I told them everything they wanted to hear．” “That’s just it,” said Jenny． “You made promises, but everybody knew that you wouldn’t be able to keep them． They thought you would just say    40    in order to be elected．”

Erica knew one thing for sure: next time she wouldn’t make promises she couldn’t keep．

（2023·陕西西安·校考模拟预测）

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空只填一个单词。）

One afternoon, I felt tired and went to the park． There were many people in it． Some were running, some were     41     with the music, others were telling stories under the trees．

    42    , I noticed a little girl． She was sitting by the lake with tears in her eyes． Lots of people passed by but didn’t     43     to see why she looked so sad． As I got much     44    , I saw that her back had a strange shape． That’s a hump (驼背)! Perhaps that was the reason why people just passed by and made no effort to help．

So I sat down beside her and said, “Hello!” Then she said in a low voice, “Hi,” I smiled and she smiled back, shyly． “You see many     45     in the lake． They can’t go to see the larger sea． But they are still swimming happily． Why?” She     46     her head． “Because every one of them     47     unique (独一无二的)． They have their parents, brothers, sisters, friends and more． They also know that they only have one life． Time is limited． So they are happy with what they have     48    ! Never regret what you have lost!” She listened carefully and smiled． “Thanks for     49     kind words． And the     50     you have given to me this afternoon may inspire (激励) my life． I hope I will be like a happy fish．” “You will．” I gave her a warm hug．

（2023·河南新乡·统考三模）

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一词。

The plane took off． A passenger needed a cup of     51     to take his medicine． An airhostess (空姐) told him that she would bring him the water． But the air hostess was so     52     that she forgot to bring him the water． As a result, the passenger couldn’t take his medicine     53     time． About half an hour later, she hurried over to him with a cup of water,     54     he refused it．

In the     55     hours, each time she passed by the passenger, she would ask him with a smile     56     he needed help or not． But the passenger never paid notice to her．

When it was time to get off the plane, the passenger asked her to hand him the passengers’ booklet (留言簿), she was very     57    ． She thought that he would write bad words in it, but with a smile she     58     it to him．

Off the plane． She opened the booklet and then     59    ． The passenger wrote, “In the past few hours, you have asked me if I needed help for twelve     60      in all． How can I refuse your twelve faithful(真诚的) smiles?”

（2023·河南南阳·校联考三模）

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

A library is a place to find almost any books． There are all kinds of books, and there are also pictures, papers, magazines, maps and records in     61    ． A library is a source of information． Students go to libraries to study and write homework． There are many different library     62    ． In children’s libraries there are many interesting picture books． If you love music, you can listen to your favorite CDs in music libraries．

Long ago, however, a library had only books． And there were so few books in it that no one was     63     to take them out of the library． After the printing machine was invented, books could be made     64     and libraries got more books．

To borrow a book and     65     it home today, a person just needs a library card． The person     66     to the main desk to have a librarian check the book out． The librarian prints the card with the date     67     which the book must be returned to the library． If the book is returned late, the person must usually pay for     68     the rule．

Books in a library are put in a certain order to help people to find     69     they want． In some libraries, all books about animals might be placed together． In other libraries, all books written by the     70     person may be placed together．

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参考答案

1．them    2．thinking    3．years    4．play    5．different

【导语】本文介绍了程序记忆是一个长期记忆，这些程序可能很难学，但一旦完全学会了，它们就永远不会忘记。

1．句意：换句话说，一旦你学会了，你就永远不会忘记。根据“once they’ve been learned”可知，它们被学会，因此你不会忘了它们，they“它们”，作为动词forget的宾语，用宾格形式，故填them。

2．句意：的确，虽然我们经常忘记事实，但我们通常可以毫不犹豫地骑上自行车离开。think about“考虑，思考”，without doing sth“不做某事”，故填thinking。

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