专题19 构词法-2025年中考英语一轮语法复习语法专项训练（全国通用）

2025年中考英语一轮语法复习语法专项训练

专题19 构词法

一、用括号内所给单词适当形式填空

1．（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）It’s very kind of you to help me with my English with great_______   ． (patient)

2．（2024·黑龙江鹤岗·统考模拟预测）Although Han Li often gets good marks in the exam, she isn’t good at Chinese． It is_______  (possible) for her to be a writer in the future．

3．（2024·江苏无锡·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考三模）It’s hard for kangaroos to walk backwards because of the_______  (usual) shape of their legs．

4．（2024·上海闵行·统考二模）It is not surprising that dogs can express themselves_______  and honestly． (clear)

5．（2024·山东临沂·统考一模）The teacher announced an_______  result that everyone couldn’t believe．(expected)

6．（2024·上海杨浦·统考一模）One _______ of reading e-books is maybe the lighting or small screen． (advantage)

7．（2024·上海浦东新·统考一模）To our_______ , our school team won the basketball match again this time!（excited）

8．（2024·江苏泰州·高港实验学校校考二模）The girl has_______  (common) ability． She always comes up with creative ideas．

9．（2024·江苏扬州·校考三模）Even though he is_______ , you aren’t supposed to be so rude． （polite）

10．（2024·江苏盐城·校考一模）If you do something_______ (mean), you will have a bunch of reasons to go through the day full of energy．

11．（2024·广西北海·校考二模）—You looked_______  (happy) just now． What happened to you?

—I missed the school bus and arrived late for class．

12．（2024·上海奉贤·统考二模）My sister has been_______  since she entered the university． She has made all the important decisions by herself． (depend)

13．（2024·吉林长春·统考一模）About 9,000 African elephants_______  (appear) in the 1990s． They’re in great danger．

14．（2024·山东临沂·校考一模）In our class, some of the classmates_______  Peter only because he gets angry easily and they even don’t know why． (like)

15．（2024·内蒙古包头·统考一模）As he went into the room, all the people became silent, which made him very embarrassed and_______  (comfortable)．

16．（2020·江苏无锡·统考模拟预测）Don’t tell lies! No one is willing to make friends with_______     people． (honest)

17．（2020·江苏南京·统考一模）The sudden_______(appear) of a security guard caused them to drop the money and run away．

18．（2020·江苏南京·校联考一模）It’s_______    (wise) of parents to have fixed ideas on what their children should become in the future．

19．（2020·内蒙古包头·包头市第二十九中学校考三模）We’re always told to be_______  about everything in our life． (truth)

20．（2020·广西南宁·统考一模）It seems_______ (possible) to finish the work, but I want to have a try．

二、单项选择

21．（2024·甘肃天水·校联考模拟预测）Which of the following suffixes（后缀）is the opposite of“-ful”?

A．-able                B．-ness                      C．-ous                       D．-less

22．（2024·甘肃武威·统考二模）The following words all have the negative prefixes (否定前缀) EXCEPT ________．

A．indoor             B．unhappy                 C．inexpensive             D．impossible

23．（2024·甘肃庆阳·校考模拟预测）联合国的英文缩写是________。

A．NBA               B．BBC                      C．UN                        D．HB

24．（2024·江苏盐城·统考二模）Which of the following words is formed like “unimportant”?

A．incorrect          B．afternoon               C．scientist                  D．hopeful

25．（2024·江苏镇江·统考二模）Which of the following words is formed like “dishonest”?

A．important         B．international           C．uncomfortable         D．interviewer

26．（2023·江苏南京·校联考一模）Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”?

A．unable             B．invention                C．helpless                  D．noticeboard

27．（2024·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测）Which of the following prefixes(前缀) means “doing again”?

A．en-                  B．dis-                        C．un-                        D．re-

28．（2024·甘肃庆阳·统考二模）which of the following prefix (前缀) doesn’t mean “no” ?

A．un-                  B．re-                         C．im                         D．dis

29．（2024·江苏南京·统考二模）Which of the following words is created in the same way as “blackboard”?

A．careless            B．impolite                 C．happiness                D．bookshop

30．（2024·江苏盐城·统考一模）Which word can NOT be added the prefix “in-” to give it the opposite meaning?

A．complete          B．direct                     C．correct                   D．proper

31．（2024·甘肃平凉·统考一模）Which of the following suffixes (后缀) means “negative (否定的)”?

A．-ous                 B．-less                       C．-ful                        D．–able

32．（2024·甘肃庆阳·统考一模）Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) “-ness”?

A．round              B．laugh                     C．ill                          D．angry

33．（2020·江苏南京·统考一模）Which of the following words has the same word formation as the word “snowstorm”?

A．helpless            B．incorrect                C．government            D．blackboard

34．（2020·江苏镇江·统考一模）Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”?

A．reporter           B．blackboard             C．dishonest                D．harmless

35．（2020·江苏扬州·统考模拟预测）Which of the following suffixes is used to form an adjective?

A．-less                B．-ness                      C．-tion                      D．-ion

三、短文综合填空

（2023·福建福州·福建省福州铜盘中学校考模拟预测）

ChatGPT is a new kind of computer program that can talk to people． It was made by OpenAI, a group of people who want to use computers to help the world． ChatGPT is very smart b    36     it can read a lot of words on the internet and learn from them． It can write sentences about many things, like science, history, sports, and movies． But ChatGPT is not just a writer． It is also a listener and a     37    (speak)． It can understand what people say and     38     /rɪ’plai/ to them．

ChatGPT can do many things that o    39     computer programs cannot． For example, it can answer more questions, say sorry when it is wrong, correct people when they are wrong, and say no when people ask for bad things． It can also make jokes, show     40     (feel), and have a personality to make the talk more fun and     41     (friend)． ChatGPT can talk about many topics with people, but it does not know everything or     42     /’ɔːlweɪz / give the right answer． Sometimes it may write something that does not make sense, or say the same thing too many times． It may also change its answer if people ask the same question in     43    different way．

ChatGPT is still a new thing, and OpenAI is     44     (try) to make it better． They also want to know what people think about it and     45     they use it． They hope that ChatGPT can help people learn new things, have fun, and talk better with each other．

一、完型填空

（2023·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）

Sean checked the e-mail as usual． Then he found a(n)    1    e-mail, “Do you still want to be a policeman?” Sean    2    the screen, deep in thought．

One day when Sean was only 5, his uncle Paul, a    3   , drove him home in his police car． Sean was interested in the car and the uniform． He decided to be a hero like Paul．

However, Sean followed his teacher’s advice and    4    became a reporter． He worked in a newspaper    5    he was 30 years old． Then he changed several jobs but nothing made him really happy． Actually he had never really    6    his childhood dream． His wife could not stand this and left him． Sean got into a(n)    7    situation． He had to move back to St Ignace, where his dad lived．

When his father encouraged him to search for a new job, the    8    came． Phoenix, 2,100 miles away from St Ignace, was in great need of policemen． Sean, nearly 40 years old, finally decided to catch it．

In order to pass the test to get the job, Sean began    9    every day, and finally passed it． “It took me 35 years． But a promise is a promise． How many people can say they achieve their life’s dreams?” Sean says． “I    10    it． It just proves（证明）that it’s never too late and it is worth all the efforts and energy．”

1．A．common                       B．unexpected                         C．uncomfortable

2．A．stared at                       B．fixed up                             C．called in

3．A．driver                           B．programmer                       C．police officer

4．A．nearly                          B．gradually                           C．finally

5．A．till                               B．after                                  C．when

6．A．made up                       B．given up                            C．shown up

7．A．boring                          B．interesting                          C．embarrassing

8．A．chance                          B．courage                             C．power

9．A．fighting                        B．training                             C．competing

10．A．made                          B．missed                               C．arrived

二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，每空一词。

（2022·内蒙古·统考中考真题）

11．There are many_______  (different) between the twins． One is shy, but the other is outgoing．

12．To achieve our dreams, we must take every life choice_______  (serious)．

13．If more people give up_______  (drive) cars, the air will get much cleaner．

14．Nothing is_______  (possible) if you set your mind to it．

15．The poor_______  (home) often did his homework in the street by the light of a restaurant．

…………

参考答案

1．patience

【详解】句意：非常感谢你耐心地帮助我学习英语。根据“with great．．．”可知，空处应填名词；patient“耐心的”，形容词，名词形式为patience，不可数名词。故填patience。

2． impossible

【详解】句意：虽然李涵经常在考试中取得好成绩，但她不擅长语文。她将来不可能成为作家。根据空前的is可知，这里需要形容词作表语，由语境“isn’t good at Chinese”可知，这里表示“不可能”成为作家。故填impossible。

3．unusual

…………