2025年春八年级英语下册语法现在完成时（2）概念和用法专项讲解及习题训练（译林版）

八年级英语下册：现在完成时（2）

知识点讲解+习题跟踪训练

【知识讲解】

现在完成时的概念和用法:

1、have/has gone & have/has 三者的区别

1）Have/has gone to 意为“去了某地”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中，说话时该人不在现场。

—Where’s Jim?      — he has gone to Guiling．

She has gone to the park and she will be back in two hours．

2）have/has been to 表示“曾经去过某地’常接次数，如once、twice、three times等，表示“去过某地几次”

也可与just、ever、never连用。

I have been to Hong Kong twice．

I have never been to the Great Wall．

【注意】: 遇到地点副词要去掉to , 如:here ,there , where, somewhere, anywhere, home ,abroad等

I have been there three times．

She has gone abroad．

3）have/has been in 强调当事人在某地待了一段时间；

My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for two days．

【总结】

I have been to Beijing twice．

My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for two days．

I heard you’ve gone to Thailand．

2、现在完成时可表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在、并且有可能还会持续下去的动作或状态，此时态常与for/since… 等时间状语连用。

其中for后面跟时间段，since后面跟表示过去的时间点。

（1） since可作介词和连词用，意为“自从……以来，自从……以后”，用于现在完成时，主要有以下三种情况：

①since＋过去的时间点

He has been ill since last Monday．

他上周一开始就已经病了。

②since＋时间段＋ago

I have lived here since ten years ago．

自从十年前我就住在这儿了。

③since＋从句（一般过去时）

I have lived here since I moved here．

自从我搬到这儿，我就一直住在这里。

（2） for是介词，for+一段时间。后面跟表示时间段的短语，表示动作延续多长时间，可以用于现在完成时。

We have learned English for about ten years．

我们学英语大约有十年了。

3、为了表述短暂性动词的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来替代它们。

1．英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。

2． 短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，所以不可以由表示一段时间的状语（如：since和for引导的短语）来修饰。

第一句中的leave（has left）是短暂性动词，它所表示的动作短促，不可能延续两天；第二句中的be（has been）是延续性动词，所以可以和two days连用。

He has left Beijing for a week． （×）

He has been away from Beijing for a week． （√）

3． 同义句转化

①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。

我离开家乡已有10年了。

误：I have left my hometown for 10 years．

正：I have been away from my hometown for 10 years．

②在否定句中，终止性动词可与一段时间连用。

③终止性动词与一段时间状语连用时可将终止性动词转化为延续性动词：如come—be here；go—be there; die–be dead; borrow–keep; buy–have; join–be in（be a member）;leave–be away等。

【真题演练】

1．She ________ him for 15 years, yet she still doesn’t know what kind of man he is．

A．has married            B．has got married to   C．has been married with      D．has been married to

2．Hurry up! The concert ________． It ________ for ten minutes．

A．has begun; has begun                                 B．has been on; began

C．has begun; has been on                               D．began; has been on

3．—Don’t forget to return the book before Friday, Jack．

—_________． I know I can only ________ it for five days．

A．No． I won’t；borrow                              B．OK． I will；borrow

C．No． I will；keep                                    D．OK． I won’t；keep

4．John has _________ the Birdwatching Club for two months．

A．joined                    B．been a member of   C．take part in             D．joined in

5．The boy in red ________ the football club for three years, so he plays football very well．

A．has joined               B．has been in             C．joined                    D．was in

6．—I’m terribly sorry for being late．

—No worries．The film ________ for just a few minutes．

A．has begun               B．has finished            C．has been on             D．has been over

7．—Is that Mrs． Li?

—It can’t be her． She, as a volunteer, ________ Shanghai since April．

A．has been to             B．has gone to             C．has been in             D．has come to

8．You’ve _________ the phone for 10 years and it doesn’t work well． Why not buy a new one?

A．lent                        B．bought                   C．had                        D．borrowed

9．— Jim, turn down the music． The baby is sleeping．

— Don’t worry． He ________ for half an hour．

A．woke up                 B．has woken up          C．was awake              D．has been awake

10．The film ________ for a few minutes． Come on!

A．has begun               B．will begin               C．has been on             D．will be on

11．My dad is so tired after a day’s work that he ________ for over ten hours．

A．has been asleep       B．has gone to bed       C．has fallen asleep      D．has been to sleep

12．The fish ______ for some time． You’d better cook them at once．

A．have been dead       B．has died                 C．have died                D．has been dead

13．—What a nice watch! How long ________ you ________ it?

—For two weeks．

A．have; bought           B．have; had               C．did; buy                 D．are; having

14．—________ did your uncle buy this car?

— He ________ it for nearly two years．

A．When; has bought   B．When; has had        C．How long; has bought      D．How long; has had

15．—This car is Mrs． White’s． She _________ it for over 5 years．

—Really? It looks like a new one．

A．has had                  B．has lent                  C．has bought              D．has sold

16．—How long ________ the play ________? — It ________ half an hours ago．

A．has; been over; has finished                        B．did; finished; finished

C．has; been over; finished                              D．has; gone to; after

17．—You look worried． What’s wrong with you?

—I’m waiting for a call from my husband． He ________ London for two days．

A．has gone to             B．has been to             C．has been in             D．has been for

18．—What are you reading, Jim?

—J．K． Rowling’s Harry Potter． I ________ the book ________ two days ago．

A．have borrowed; since                                 B．have kept; since       C．have borrowed; from       D．kept; since

19．My grandma ______ Huai’an ______ a year． I miss her very much．

A．has left; for                                               B．left; since

C．has been away from; for                             D．was away from; since

20．—Mum, I want to watch Youth With You on iqiyi tonight．

—Oh, dear． It ________ for nearly twenty minutes． Come on．

A．will begin               B．will be on               C．has begun               D．has been on

21．—Can I see Miss Gu at the moment, please?

—I’m afraid not． She ________ Nanjing for 2 days． She’ll come back in three days．

A．has been to             B．has gone to             C．has been in             D．went

22．—Where is your mother?

—She _________ the shopping mall． She won’t come back ________ it’s dark．

A．has gone to; until                                       B．has been to; until

C．has been in; till                                          D．has gone to; after

23．—Where are your grandparents living now?

—They ________ the beautiful countryside for two years．

A．have been in           B．have been to           C．have gone to           D．have come to

24．— I haven’t seen Mr． Wu once this term．

— I hear that he ________ Guizhou for some voluntary work these months．

A．has been in             B．has been to             C．has gone to             D．was in

25．—Where is your uncle? I haven’t seen him for a long time．

—He ________ Suzhou for about half a year． He moved there last winter．

A．has gone to             B．went to                  C．has been to             D．has been in

26．—Where have you_________ these days?

—I have ________ to Yangzhou with my friends．

A．been; gone              B．been; been              C．gone; been              D．gone; gone

27．—Has your cousin ________ the Great Wall?

—Sure． He ________ there with me last summer．

A．been to; has gone    B．gone to; went          C．gone to; has gone    D．been to; went

28．The restaurant in Deji Plaza ________ for two months, but I ________ there so far．

A．has opened; haven’t gone                            B．has been open; haven’t been

C．has been opened; haven’t been                     D．has been open; haven’t been to

29．The shopping mall called Yinxiangcheng ________ for half a year, but I _________ there yet．

A．has opened; haven’t gone                            B．has been open; haven’t been

C．has been open; haven’t gone                        D．has been opened; haven’t been

30．Hobo and Eddie ________ the cinema to watch the film Zootopia．

A．have gone to           B．have been to           C．has gone to             D．has been to

31．—What’s the best park in the city?

—Of course, the Taihu Lake Wetland Park． I ________ that park many times．

A．have gone in           B．have been in           C．have gone to           D．have been to

32．—Yunnan is very beautiful． I ________ there last year．

—Yes, I ____ there twice．

A．went; has gone        B．went; have been      C．have gone; went      D．have been; went

33．—Is Tom at home now?

—No, he ___________ the supermarket． But he will come back soon．

A．has gone in             B．has gone to             C．has been in             D．has been to

34．—The boy misses his parents very much．

—So he does． They _______ the hometown for nearly two years．

A．have left                 B．will leave               C．have been away from       D．leave

35．—How long may I ________ your magazine?

—For one week． But you mustn’t ________ it to others．

A．borrow; lend           B．keep; lend              C．lend; borrow           D．have; borrow

36．—Do you know Tina very well?

—Yes, she and I _________ friends since we were very young．

A．have turned            B．made                     C．have been               D．have become

37．—Mum, I want to watch Readers on TV tonight．

—Oh, dear, it ________ for a few minutes． Come on!

A．has begun               B．will begin               C．has been on             D．will be on

38．—________ your grandfather die?

—He ________ for nearly ten years．

A．When did; has died                                    B．When did; has been dead

C．How long has; has dead                              D．How long did; has been died

39．I ________ the League for 5 years so far．

A．joined                    B．have joined             C．have been in           D．has join

40．— How long may I ________ the book?

—For a week．

A．buy                        B．borrow                   C．lend                       D．keep

…………

参考答案

1．D

【详解】句意：她和他结婚已经15年了，可还是不知道他是个什么样的人。

考查现在完成时和动词用法。根据“for 15 years”可知，表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，要求用延续性动词或者形容词；marry“结婚”，是瞬间动词，不能与表示持续的时间段连用，故用has been married表示状态，且be married to sb．意为“与某人结婚”。故选D。

2．C

【详解】句意：快点！音乐会已经开始了，它已经开始十分钟了。

考查现在完成时。根据“for ten minutes”可知第二空要用可持续性动词，begin是短暂性动词；be on是延续性动词，故排除AB；第一空表示“已经开始”应用现在完成时，故选C。

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