2025年春八年级英语下册语法现在完成时（1）概念和用法专项讲解及习题训练（译林版）

八年级英语下册：现在完成时（1）

知识点讲解+习题跟踪训练

【知识讲解】

现在完成时的概念和用法:

一、现在完成时的含义

现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种:

for: + 一段时间   for a year,  for two weeks,  for three years．．．

                  过去的某一时刻, since last week, since 2008…

Since +点时间      一段时间+ago,  since 9 years ago, since 3 days ago…,

                  一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came，since he moved here, since I was born…

1．Eddie has lived with Millie for 4 years． 

2．Eddie has lived with Millie

二、现在完成时的构成

1）现在完成时的肯定句

句型 主语（第一、二人称单/复数）+have+过去分词

主语（第三人称复数）+have +过去分词

主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词

have （has） 为助动词

e．g． He has already had his lunch．

e．g． I have just finished my homework．

2）现在完成时的否定句

句型  主语+have/has not（haven’t/hasn’t）+过去分词

e．g． I have not seen the movie yet．

e．g． She hasn’t eaten it．

3）现在完成时的一般疑问句

Have/Has+主语+过去分词+…？

e．g． Have you finished the work?

e．g． Has she arrived here?

e．g． Have they eaten supper?

4）特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p．p． （过去分词）+其它？

e．g． The girl has learned English for 6 years．

How long has the girl learned English?

I have eaten two apples for breakfast．

What have you eaten for breakfast?

三、 过去分词的构成

（A） 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

（1）、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work—worked—worked, visit—visited—visited

（2）、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live—lived—lived ,

（3）、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ ed ”。

study—studied—studied, cry—cried—cried

（4）、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop—stopped—stopped,  drop—dropped—dropped

（B） 不规则动词的过去分词

AAA型

原型 过去式 过去分词

burst burst burst    hurt hurt hurt      let let let        cast cast cast

cost cost cost      cut cut cut       　hit hit hit        put put put

AAB型 ：beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become     run ran run    come came come

ABB型

bring brought brought  　buy bought bought    build built built    burn burnt burnt

catch caught caught     dig dug dug          feel felt felt       fight fought fought

ABC型

begin began begun      blow blew blown     break broke broken   choose chose chosen

draw drew drawn        drive drove driven    drink drank drunk     fly flew flown

四、现在完成时的标志时间副词和时间短语:

1）副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

e．g． We have already finished our homework．

2）副词ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

e．g． Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

你曾经去过长城吗?

3）用just表示到说话时为止的时间状语,

e．g． I have just seen her, but I don’t know where she is now ．

注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet．

e．g． I have done my homework already．

I haven’t done my homework yet．

【注1：already; yet; just; ever; never; before的用法】

【真题演练】

1．—Alice, have you finished learning the whole book?

—Not yet． So far, we ________ two units．

A．learned                   B．have learned           C．learn                      D．to learn

2．Pizhou used to be a small city but great changes __________ in it in the past ten years．

A．have been taken place                                 B．took place

C．have taken place                                        D．were taken place

3．My best old friend Beck went abroad with her parents． We ________ each other since then．

A．haven’t seen           B．have seen               C．didn’t see               D．don’t see

4．I ________ in Xuzhou since I was born． I love Xuzhou!

A．am living               B．will live                 C．was living               D．have lived

5．I have studied in this school _________ two years ago． I really love it．

A．since                      B．for                         C．after                       D．before

6．My friend Lucy is helpful and she ________ me a lot in the past three years．

A．helps                      B．will help                C．has helped              D．is helping

7．— Your English is so good． How long have you learned English?

—________ I was five years old．

A．Before                   B．Until                      C．Since                     D．When

8．Look! What a clean room! Who ______ it?

A．has cleaned             B．is cleaning              C．will clean               D．cleaned

9．I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend．

A．read                       B．have read               C．am reading             D．will read

10．There ________ great changes in my hometown in the past few years．

A．have had                B．have been               C．were                      D．had

11．—Do you know the boy called Jack?

—Of course． We’ve known each other _________ we were nine or ten．

A．before                    B．since                      C．until                       D．when

12．—_________ have you lived in Nanjing?

— I’ve lived here _________ 2008．

A．How long; for         B．How long; from      C．How soon; in          D．How long; since

13．— John, is your father a teacher?

— Yes, he is． He ________ Physics since 20 years ago．

A．teaches                   B．has taught               C．is teaching              D．will teach

14．Amazing changes ________ place ________ three years ago．

A．took, for                B．was taken, since      C．have taken, since     D．has taken, at

15．—How long have you lived here?

—________ last year．

A．Since                     B．For                        C．In                          D．Of

16．— Have you _______ read this story before?

— Yes． I’ve _______ read it．

A．already; ever           B．yet; just                  C．ever; just                D．ever; never

17．I can’t find my notebook anywhere． I’m afraid I ________ it．

A．lose                       B．lost                        C．have lost                 D．was losing

18．—How do we start the online tour?

—I ________ you． Weren’t you listening?

A．tell                        B．am telling               C．will tell                  D．have told

19．—Yancheng is developing so fast．

—Quite right! It ________ a lot over the years．

A．changes                  B．changed                 C．was changing          D．has changed

20．I ________ the film with my parents only once．

A．see                         B．have seen               C．will see                  D．am seeing

21．—Lunch?

—No, thanks． I ________．

A．will eat                  B．am eating               C．have eaten              D．eaten

22．—Lily, why are you still here? School has been over for half an hour．

—Because I_______ my task yet． I still need one more hour．

A．won’t finish            B．didn’t finish           C．haven’t finished      D．don’t finish

23．—Mike, hurry up． We’ll leave in 5 minutes．

—But I ________ my guidebook and mobile phone yet．

A．don’t find               B．didn’t find              C．haven’t found         D．won’t find

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参考答案

1．B

【详解】句意：——爱丽丝，你们把整本书学完了吗？——还没有。到目前为止，我们已经学2个单元了。

考查动词的时态。由“So far”可知，此处用现在完成时，强调时间的延续，故选B。

2．C

【详解】句意：你知道在过去的十年里我们城市发生了巨大的变化。

考查动词时态。take place发生； took place过去式；have taken place现在完成时。根据“in the past ten years．”可知需要用现在完成时，且主语是great changes，短语“发生”无被动语态，可排除AD选项。故选C。

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