Unit 1《Past and present》-2025年寒假八年级英语下册知识点讲解及跟踪训练（译林版）

2025年寒假八年级英语下册知识点讲解及跟踪训练

 Unit 1《Past and present》

【重点知识讲解】

1． past n． 过去

【原文重现】past and present

past adj． 过去的；刚结束的

近几周 in the past few weeks (用于现在完成时)

以往的事件past events

n． 过去；过去的事情

在过去 in the past  (用于一般过去时)

目前 at present = now

对他的过去一无所知know nothing about his past

prep; 晚于；在…之后；在另一边；

两点半half past two

走过我身旁walk past me

机不可失，时不再来。There is no time like the present．

2． present n． 现在，目前

（1） present 作名词，意为“目前，现在”，at present＝at the moment＝ right now现在。

（2）present 作名词还可以表示“礼物”的意思。如：birthday presents 生日礼物。

（3）present作动词，表示“赠予；呈现”。如：present the medal颁发勋章。

（4）present还可作形容词，意为“目前的”。如： your present job 你目前的工作。

3． married adj．已婚的，结婚的

【原文重现】When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then．

adj． 已婚的 married   单身的 adj． single

n． 婚姻 marriage

v． 与某人结婚 marry sb． / get married (to sb．)

marry sb． (to sb) 为…娶亲；把…嫁给…

注意：get married (to sb．) & be married (to sb．)

get married 是短暂性动词, 不能和表示时间段的状语连用；be married 强调的是已婚状态，为延续性动词

4． pollution n． 污染，污染物

pollution是不可数名词，其动词是pollute， 形容词是polluted。

5． realize vt． & vi． 意识到；实现

realize后可直接接名词或代词作宾语，还可以接that或疑问词引导的宾语从句。

（1）realize作及物动词，可以表达“认识到；了解”的意思。如：

He didn’t realize his mistake until his mother told him．

直到他妈妈告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。

（2）realize还可以表示“实现；完成”的意思。realize one’s dream＝make one’s dream come true实现某人的梦想

6． improve vt． & vi． 改进，改善

【用法总结】improve是动词，相当于make．．．better。其名词为improvement，意为“提高，改进；改良；增进”。如：

We can improve ourselves in English．

我们能够提高自己的英语水平。

improve in sth在某方面好转

improve oneself in sth在某方面有进步

7． condition n． 环境，条件，状况

【原文重现】Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation．

【辨析】与condition的区别：

situation意为形式，状况, 指明确具体的环境情况或处境；

condition意为条件,强调产生影响的原因或环境，复数形式指笼统的情况；

【习惯用语/词组】

现状：present situation           生活条件：living conditions

双赢局面：win-win situation             交通状况：traffic condition

疫情：epidemic situation                   空调：air condition

8． return vi． 返回

（1） return作不及物动词，意为“返回”，相当于go/come back，后接表示地点的名词时要用介词to或from。后接表示地点的副词时不用介词。 return 不能与back连用。

（2）return用作及物动词时，表示“归还”，相当于give back。return sth to sb ＝ return sb sth 把某物还给某人。

9． abroad adj． & adv． 在国外

abroad 作形容词或副词，意为“在国外”，在句中可用作状语、表语，也可修饰名词作后置定语。短语：go abroad 出国；be abroad出国。

10．waste

【原文重现】They often put the waste into the river．

① 作为名词意为废物，废料, 属于不可数名词;

【固定搭配】It’s a waste of time to do sth．

e．g． 被污染的废物对环境有害

The polluted waste is harmful to the environment．

②作为动词，意为浪费

【固定搭配】waste time on sth/ doing sth

e．g． 我不能把时间浪费在这种无聊的活动上。

I can’t waste time on this boring activity．

11． keep in touch 保持联系

表示“保持联系”还可以用stay in touch，其反义短语为lose touch（失去联系）。表示“与某人保持联系”用keep in touch with sb。

记得毕业后要与你的老师和同学们保持联系。

Remember to 　　　　 your teachers and classmates after you leave school．

12． turn into

【原文重现】Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park．

【常见搭配】turn on   打开                            turn off     关掉    

turn up    调高(音量)                     turn down调低      

turn over 翻转；仔细思考                     turn back  返回     

turn left 向左转                           turn right      向右转

政府已经把这个地方变成了一个公园。

The government has turned the place into a park．

13． communicate vi． & vt． 交流，交际

其名词形式是communication， 是不可数名词。communicate with sb 与某人联系/沟通。如：

They want to communicate better with their kids．

他们想和孩子们更好地沟通。

14． just与just now

（1）just表示“刚刚”的意思，常用于现在完成时，置于行为动词与助动词之间。如：

You’re too late； the train has just left．

你来得太晚了，火车刚开走。

（2）just now表示“刚才”的意思，表达的是过去的含义，常用于一般过去时。如：

I cleaned my bedroom just now． 我刚才打扫了我的卧室。

15． alone与lonely

（1）alone可用作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”。alone用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语；用作副词修饰动词时，应该放在动词后面作状语。如：

He is not alone in this idea．有这种想法的不只是他一个人。

Han Mei was reading alone when the teacher came into the classroom． 老师走进教室时，韩梅正独自一人读书。

（2）lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语。lonely用作定语时，意为“孤单的；荒凉的，偏僻的”；用作表语时，意为“孤寂的，寂寞的”。如：

That’s a lonely island．那是一个荒凉的岛屿。

I was alone but I didn’t feel lonely．

我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。

16． however与but

however是副词， but是并列连词，however可以置于句首、句中或句末，而but不能置于句末。另外，but之后一般不能使用逗号，但however位于句首时，通常其后用逗号，位于句中时，通常在其前后各加一个逗号。

17． You used to be so kind to me． 你过去对我那么好。

【固定搭配】

（1）used to do sth． 过去常常做某事 (现在不做了，仅用于过去时)

Tom used to be a teacher，but now he is an officer．

汤姆曾经是一名教师，但是他现在是一名官员。

（2）be/ get used to sth． /doing sth． 习惯于某事/做某事（此处to为介词）

e．g．多年以来，他己经习惯开工前为自己泡杯咖啡。

He has been used to making himself a cup of coffee before work since many years ago． (20天一U1)

（3）be used to do sth被用来做某事。如：

Knives are used to cut things．刀是被用来切东西的。

17． It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly． 快速适应生活的变化并不容易。

句式结构

“It+be + adj．( +for/of sb)+to do sth”表示”(对某人来说/某人)做某事是．．的”。It在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构。

It’s easy for you to remember five words everyday,对你来说,每天记5个单词是很容易的。

易混辨析

该句型中for与of的用法区别

①若句中的形容词是用来描述事物或者客观情况的，如easy, hard, dangerous, difficult, important,necessary, possible等,用介词for。

It’s dangerous for you to swim in the river．你在河里游泳是危险的。

②若句中的形容词是用来描述或者说明人的性格、品质的,如good,kind,nice,clever等,用介词of。

It’s very kind of you to help me你帮助我真是太好了。

【真题演练】

一、用所给单词的正确形式填空

1．Because of the highway, more and more ________ (factory) have moved to this area．

2．Cities in the _________ (north) part are much warmer in our country．

3．Jerry lived in Cairo until quite _________ (recent)．

4．She’s never _________ (eat) pizza． What about you?

5．The old man has two _________ (marry) sons． And they with their children often come to see him．

6．There _________ (be) clean and fresh air here several years ago．

7．They ________ (not see) the film yet． They are going to see it this evening．

8．_____ (keep) healthy, you’d better eat less and exercise more．

9．Mr． Liu with Tom _________ (read) newspapers when I entered the office．

10．Look! The shapes (形状) of the clouds _________ (change)! They were like horses just now．

11．My cousin is used to _________ (stay) with his friends in America．

12．Look! How terribly he is coughing! He _________ (catch) a bad cold a few days ago．

13．—Dear Mom, I ______ (grow) up． Please don’t treat me like a child any longer．

14．—What’s that noise?

—Oh, I forgot to tell you． The neighbours _________ (prepare) for a party．

15．You _________ (feel) sorry for your mistakes some day．

16．Those visitors’ ________（wife）have gone back home now．

17．Mr Chen is used to ________ (sit) with his friends under the big tree．

18．You can see many ________（coach）in the bus station．

19．How well have you ________（know）about the great writer in this story?

20．The boy has little ________ (communicate) with others, he is always quiet．

21．—________ you ever ________ (hear) of this book before?

—Never．

22．We must get there before the film ________ (begin)． Let’s hurry．

23．—Who ________ (speak) at the meeting this afternoon?

—I think Mr Lee is．

24．What about ________ (go) fishing with me this Sunday?

25．Don’t make any noise in the reading room． Others ________（read）over there quietly．

二、根据汉语提示填空

26．Kitty got married last year． Her _________ (丈夫) is a policeman．

27．Children need a happy _________ (环境) at school．

28．They have been good friends since they were in _________ (初级的) school．

29．There is still room for ________ (改进) in your work．

30．If you _________ (交流) with someone, you share or exchange information with him or her．

31．The engineer told me that my car was in a very good ________（状况）．

32．We have read some interesting books ________ (最近) ．

33．My father used to be very busy． He often ________（返回）home late．

34．People in this area now have a better ________ (环境) than before．

35．The old man lives alone in the countryside, but he never feels ________ (孤独的)．

三、完成句子

36．从那时起，史密斯一家就住在了镇北。

The Smith family _______________________________ since then．

37．快速适应生活的变化对老人和孩子来说并不容易。

It’s not easy for the old and the kids _______________________________ quickly．

38．他们不能像以前那样经常下中国象棋了。

They can’t _______________________________ as before．

39．五十年前的无锡是什么样子的?

_______________________________ fifty years ago?

40．自从他出国以后, 我们就没见过彼此。

We _______________________________ since he _______________________．

41．我想借一本关于北京的过去和现在的书。

I want to borrow a book_________________．

42．我那个时候仍然上小学。

I was still________________then．

43．我们学校这些年发生巨大的变化。

_________________ in our school．

44．因特网使得交流更加容易了。

The Internet________________．

45．我希望我能再次游览长城。

I__________the Great Wall again．

…………

参考答案

1．Because of the highway, more and more ________ (factory) have moved to this area．

【答案】factories

【详解】句意：由于高速公路的原因，越来越多的工厂搬到了这个地区。factory“工厂”，是可数名词，空前有more修饰，需用名词复数形式factories。故填factories。

2．Cities in the _________ (north) part are much warmer in our country．

【答案】northern

【详解】句意：我们国家北部的城市要暖和得多。此处作定语修饰part，用形容词形式，故填northern。

…………