02 航空航天-2025年中考英语最新热点时文阅读

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2025年中考英语最新热点时文阅读

02 航空航天

01

So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.

Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true.

Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission.

Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground.

From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.

1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites.

①old stories        ②traditional projects

③ancient famous people        ④ popular inventions

A．①②                 B．①③                      C．②④                      D．③④

2．What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage?

A．It moves around the moon.                    B．It protects the Jade Rabbit.

C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists.       D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite.

3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4?

A．By listing numbers.                               B．By comparing facts.

C．By giving an example.                           D．By reporting a result.

4．Which is the right structure of the passage?

(①=Paragraph 1            ②=Paragraph 2,…)

5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage?

A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture.

B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry.

C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology.

D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science.

02

China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue. China plans to land its astronauts on the moon around 2030. Check the table to learn the details on China’s exciting journey to the moon.

6．Which of the following is Lanyue’s task?

A．Operate near-Earth space station.

B．Support Earth exploration and activities.

C．Transport between the ground and space station.

D．Work as the center for energy supply on the moon.

7．What can we learn from the exploration steps?

A．The same rocket sends Mengzhou and Lanyue into space.

B．Astronauts reach and leave the moon in the Lanyue lander.

C．Mengzhou and Lanyue join together at the space station.

D．The Lanyue lander returns to Earth with the samples on the moon.

8．What is the purpose of this passage?

A．To encourage the youth to make inventions for China’s moon program.

B．To tell the reader about the history of China’s lunar exploration journey.

C．To offer suggestions on how to take up challenges in the lunar exploration task.

D．To give information on the new spacecraft for China’s manned lunar exploration task.

03

April 24th is Space Day of China. Ever since Yang Liwei made it to space in 2003, about 20 Chinese astronauts have been sent into space.

In space, astronauts face many problems. There is little gravity (重力) there, which influences their bodies. Also, being away from family and friends and staying in a tiny spaceship for a long time can make them feel sad or stressed out. What’s more, if something goes wrong suddenly, they have to fix it under huge pressure. That’s why astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any challenge before they can go to space.

To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their tasks and return to Earth safely, 8 kinds, including over 200 subjects of training, are set. Besides physical training, basic science knowledge and mock (模拟) tasks are included. Before astronauts can go to space, they train like this for at least three and a half years.

In China’s manned space project, one of the most difficult parts of the training is the underwater training. This helps astronauts get ready for the weightless environment in space. And they wear diving suits (潜水服) over 100 kilos and stay underwater for six hours every time.

9．What problem do astronauts face according to paragraph 2?

A．They have to train under huge pressure.

B．They are influenced by little gravity in space.

C．They often worry about their family and friends.

10．What do astronauts need to do before going to space?

A．Master basic science knowledge.

B．Experience 8 subjects of training.

C．Get three years of underwater training.

11．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 4 refer to (指代)?

A．A diving suit.               B．Underwater training.           C．China’s manned space project.

12．What can be the best title for this text?

A．Work Hard to Live in Space

B．Train Hard to Work in Space

C．Deal with Problems in Space

04

A Long March 5 rocket took off from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan province on May 3, 2024. After flying for about 37 minutes, it successfully placed the Chang’e 6 robotic lunar probe (月球探测器) into an Earth-moon transfer trajectory (转移轨道). Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon’s far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days.

This is the world’s first try to bring samples (样本) from the moon’s far side. For China, it’s the second sample-return moon journey. Chang’e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the former Soviet Union (前苏联) and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon’s near side.

The moon’s far side has always been a subject of scientific wonder because of its many mysteries. It’s facing away from Earth and it can never be seen from Earth. It was once called the “dark side of the moon” even though it receives just as much sunlight as the near side.

Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven’t found out the reason. Samples brought back by Chang’e 5 have helped scientists find that there were volcanic (火山的) activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. Some scientists thought maybe volcanoes became inactive on the far side about 4 billion years ago. Is it true? Samples from the far side will allow them to know the answer.

“Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang’e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering.

13．When did Chang’e 6 begin to work on the moon?

A．On May 3, 2024.                                 B．After flying for about 37 minutes.

C．In the winter of 2020.                          D．After landing on the moon’s far side.

14．How many times has China got samples from the moon’s near side?

A．Once.              B．Twice.                    C．Five times.             D．Ten times.

15．According to the passage, the moon’s far side ________.

A．receives less sunlight than the near side

B．has thicker soil compared with the near side

C．can be seen from Earth with powerful cameras

D．has more recent volcanic activities than the near side

16．What can we learn from Martin Sweeting’s words?

A．Chang’e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks.

B．Chang’e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world.

C．Chang’e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon.

D．Chang’e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back.

05

You’ve heard of space rockets, but have you heard of a space balloon? A company called Space Perspective is planning to use its new balloon called Space Neptune to take people to the edge (边缘) of space. It is expected to take common people on an out-of-the-world vacation in 2024.

Taking off from Kennedy Space Center, the trip will take six hours—two hours travelling up, two hours enjoying the view and two hours travelling back. Below the hydrogen (氢气)-filled balloon, a spaceship is large enough for eight travelers to stand and walk freely within. Inside the ship are comfortable seats, free Wi-Fi and even a bar. During the six-hour trip, the guests will be able to send photos or videos to people on the ground while enjoying food and drinks.

Although the balloon won’t really fly into space, this won’t be a problem for the guests. At 20 miles above earth, they will experience 360° views of the planet earth and stars, feeling like they are in space, tickets are expensive, though-seats onboard sold for $125,000 each.

Unlike rockets, Space Neptune doesn’t give out carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), which always results in hotter temperatures on the earth. The spaceship will also get its hydrogen from clean and renewable (可再生的) energy. This is why space travel with hydrogen balloons is thought to be the most environmentally friendly so far.

The great news is that no special training is needed for this ride, but the bad news is, you’ll probably have to wait until 2025 because the first year’s tickets are sold out already. So, start saving up!

17．How does the writer start the passage?

A．By asking a question.                           B．By telling a story.

C．By giving an example.                         D．By listing numbers.

18．Which picture best shows the balloon space travel?

A． B． C．       D．

19．Which of the following is TRUE according to he passage?

A．The spaceship is 100 meters wide.         B．The spaceship goes into space by rocket.

C．The spaceship carries at most 8 passengers.     D．He spaceship will be too hot for passengers.

20．What is Space Neptune like?

A．It is educational.                                  B．It is traditional.       C．It is dirty.  D．It is environmental.

21．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．The Space Balloon from the Space Rocket.    B．Call on More Trained Astronauts to Space.

C．How to Make a Space Balloon.             D．A New Way to Travel to Space.

06

阅读下面短文，在文章空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship has been successfully launched (发射) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. It marks China’s 32nd manned flight into space.

At 8: 59 p. m. on April 25, 2024, it     22     (send) three astronauts and nearly 100 experimental boxes (实验柜) to the Tiangong space station. The three astronauts     23     (be) Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. They were all born in the 1980s. Ye was one of the     24     (member) of the Shenzhou-l3 mission (任务) from October 2021     25     April 2022.

This time, he works as the     26     (lead) of the three astronauts. Both Li Cong     27     Li Guangsu are newcomers to space. During     28     (they) time in space, they will care for the space station to make sure it can work     29     (safe). They will do over 90 experiments. A fish     30     (call) “the 4th member of Shenzhou-18” will be used for an experimental project.

The Shenzhou-18 astronauts are planned to return to     31     earth in late October this year. So they will spend about six months on the space station.

07

阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号里所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯.

China celebrates its Space Day on April 24 each year. It is the    32    (nine) this year. China    33    (make) a series of (一系列的) remarkable (显著的) achievements in space exploration (探索) since 1960.

On April 24, 1970, China joined the space club when China launched (发射) the    34    (country) first satellite (卫星), Dongfanghong—1. On October 15, 2003, China sent astronaut Yang Liwei on    35    21-hour journey around Earth in Shenzhou V. On October 24, 2007, Chang’e-1 was launched    36    (successful).    37    September, 2008, Shenzhou VII spacecraft (宇宙飞船) was launched with three astronauts. One of    38    (they) went on China’s historic first spacewalk. On November 24, 2020, Chang’e-5 was launched. It brought rocks    39    soil on the moon back to the Earth on December 17.

On October 31, 2022, China’s Mengtian space lab module (舱)    40    (connect) to the Tianhe core module (核心舱), marking the completion of the nation’s space station. On October 26, 2023, Shenzhou XVII spacecraft was launched. With an average (平均的) age of 38, the three-member team became    41    (young) Chinese crew (专业人员) ever in space. It is the 30th mission (任务) of China’s manned (载人的) space program.

08

根据短文内容和所给中文或首字母提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

From November 28th to December 3rd, 2023, a delegation of China’s manned space program paid a six-day visit to Hong Kong and Macao. During their stay, t   42    visited several primary and secondary schools and two universities in Hong Kong, and gave a big speech in Macao. The    43    (中国的) astronauts encouraged local young people to realize the dream of space exploration.

Also, the delegation    44    (出席) the opening ceremony of the “China Manned Space Exhibition”. The exhibition was open to all people in Hong Kong and Macao for f   45    until February 18th, 2024.

Shum Tze-man is a Hong Kong middle school student. She was    46    (深地) attracted by the performances of astronauts. “Our country’s space industry has become world leading. I’m so p   47    of our nation and this makes me crazier about space exploration,” Shum said.

“The reports of space experts    48    (包括) a lot of professional knowledge of physics and astronomy. A   49    some of them were difficult to understand, they made me eager to explore space,” A student from Lingnan Middle School in Macao said.

The delegation’s visit shows that our country puts a high value on the    50    (科学) and technology education of young students in Hong Kong and Macao. The space station is l   51    home for the astronauts in space. It is hoped that astronauts from Hong Kong and Macao will soon appear at the space station to make our home in space livelier and happier.

09

Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from?

Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after a Chinese superhero the Monkey King. According to Journey to the West, the Monkey King has a pair of sharp (锐利的) eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as the Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space.

The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths (神话), this is the home of Tian Di. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong and then they can work together in the future.

Tianwen, China’s Mars mission (火星任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well-known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for truth. Perhaps the Tianwen mission will end up answering some of QuYuan’s questions.

If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.

52．The underlined word “evil” means “________”.

A．honesty            B．badness                  C．kindness                 D．ugliness

53．What do the satellite Wukong and the Monkey King have in common?

A．They’re both sharp-eyed.                      B．They’re both superheroes.

C．They both help with scientific studies.    D．They both help the good and punish the bad.

54．What is Tiangong used for?

A．It’s used for searching dark matter.

B．It’s used to explore (探索) the Mars.

C．It’s used to send astronauts to the space.

D．It’s used as a home for the astronauts in space.

55．Where is the name of China’s Mars missions from?

A．Journey to the West.                             B．The home of Tian Di.

C．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen.                     D．Ancient Chinese myths.

56．We take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously because ________.

A．we have a dream for space                    B．we have the hunger for truth

C．we are fond of beautiful names             D．we want to protect the environment

10

阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。

57．China’s Shenzhou-18 spaceship was launched at ________.

A．the Tiangong space station                    B．the International Space Station

C．the Gobi desert in northeast China         D．the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre

58．Who lead the mission on the Shenzhou-18?

A．Li Cong.          B．Ye Guangfu.           C．Li Guangsu.            D．Yang Liwei.

59．How long will the astronauts stay at the Tiangong space station?

A．For seven months.                               B．For about half a year.

C．For one year.                                       D．For one and a half years.

60．What can we know from the last paragraph?

A．Yang Liwei has strongly believed the young astronauts.

B．Yang Liwei advised the young astronauts to work harder.

C．Yang Liwei shared his experience with the young astronauts.

D．Yang Liwei was worried about the young astronauts.

61．What’s the theme of the passage?

A．Courage and friendship.                       B．Sports and health.

C．Science and technology.                       D．Culture and education.

…………

参考答案

1．B    2．A    3．C    4．A    5．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。

1．细节理解题。根据“Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”可知，太空科学家给卫星命名时受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的启发。故选B。

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