专题04 首字母填空20篇-2023-2024学年八年级英语下学期期末易错题特训（译林版）

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2023-2024学年八年级英语下学期期末易错题特训

专题04 首字母填空

一、短文填空

What is UNICEF? UNICEF is part of the United Nations. It was s    1     up in Europe in 1946, after World War II. At that time, m    2     children’s lives were changed because of the war, and UNICEF wanted to help them. Now UNICEF works in over 190 c    3     and areas. It helps governments, communities and families make the world a b    4     place for children .

UNICEF wants all children to be h    5    , so it provides them with clean water and food, and tries to prevent them f    6     getting illnesses. UNICEF believes that it is important for children to receive basic education, so it p    7     basic education for children in poor areas. UNICEF keeps working for the equal rights of girls and women. It also w    8     to prevent the spread of some serious diseases. UNICEF r    9     money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities. People can s    10     it by donating money or working as volunteers.

根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。

The QR code (二维码) is of great importance to our lives. But have you ever wondered who i   11    the OR code?

In the 1960s, supermarkets began to appear in Japan. Cashiers (收银员) had to put the price of each product in the computer by h   12   . It was really hard work.

Later, the barcode (条形码) came out and worked out the problem. Users can do their work much more e   13   , but there was a new problem—it could just hold a little i   14   .

So many developers started to i   15    the barcode. Masahiro Hara was one of them. He thought, “With the barcode, information is coded (为……编码) in one direction o   16   . With 2D codes, information can be coded in two directions: across and up/down.” So Hara set out to develop a new 2D code holding a large amount of information. To make it be read as f   17    as possible, he made the code black and white, and square.

In 1994, Hara’s QR code came out. The QR means quick response (反应). It was soon used by a car company and later in the food industry. It was such a s   18    that Hara could use it to get enough money, but he didn’t. He made it p   19    so that everyone could use it for free. “The more people use it, the more new ways of using it there will be. I think this is w     20      the OR code was born.” Hara said. He also hoped that it could be useful in more fields.

The worst traveller in the world was Paul of San Francisco. Once he f    21     from the US to his hometown in Italy to see someone at home. The plane made a one-hour stop to get oil at an airport in New York. Paul thought he was in Rome（罗马）. Believing this, he got off the p    22    .

When nobody was there to meet him, Paul thought maybe the heavy t    23     made his friend late. While looking for their address, Paul found that Rome had changed a lot. He found many high m    24     buildings instead of old ones. He also found that many people s    25     English but not Italian and those main street signs were written in English. So he asked a policeman in Italian the way to the bus station. He happened to meet a policeman who was also born in Italy and answered in the same l    26    .

After twelve hours’ traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a    27     policeman. But this time, this policeman could only speak English. So Paul asked the policeman w    28     the Rome police employed（雇佣）so many people who spoke English as policemen.

Paul didn’t b    29     he was in New York when he was told so. To get him on a plane to Italy, he was sent to the a     30      in a police car.

根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整， 每空一词。

Environmental protection is important for the health of our earth. We need to r   31    how our actions influence the environment.

In our daily life, plenty of waste we produce is a big problem. We can r   32    waste by choosing to buy products with l   33    packaging (包装) and to recycle items properly. S   34    rubbish into different categories, such as plastic, paper, and glass, can also be a great help.

Moreover, we d    35     on natural resources for our daily needs, such as water, air, and food. It is important to save resources by using them w    36    . For example, turning off the tap w    37     brushing our teeth can save water, and turning off lights when leaving a room can save electricity.

Finally, we must also think about the r    38     of our choices for the environment. Choosing to use public transportation or carpooling (共乘一辆车) instead of driving a    39     can reduce air pollution. Planting trees can also help take in CO₂ and i     40      air quality.

By taking these steps, we can help protect the environment and make a better future.

根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。

When Boyan was 16 years old, he was diving in a sea. He was surprised to see more plastic bags than fish in the sea. He made up his m    41     to clean up the ocean. However, everyone told him that he could do n    42     if plastic bags went into the ocean. The teenager didn’t give up. He s    43     several months studying plastic pollution. At last, he came up w    44     a science project to collect the waste.

What’s more, the collected plastic bags can be recycled and made into products or oil. He won many p    45     for the project, but that was not enough for him. He wanted to clean up the ocean to make our world a better place.

We were locked in a darkness room, Ned t    46     to escape from the submarine(潜艇). I remembered that unforgettable day. When morning came,we saw the monster behind us. After fighting a    47     it, Conseil ,Ned and I were thrown into the sea and stood on the monster(怪物). We thought it was a giant narwhal. In fact, it was a submarine. A few seconds later, eight men came out and pulled us into this room on the submarine.

S    48    , two men entered. The tall man was Captain Nemo. He even knew e    49     we did with him. He asked us to promise not to escape. Finally, we reached an agreement.

Captain Nemo showed me the art gallery with many paintings by famous a    50     and a museum that contained many thousands of wonderful shells, pearls and other treasures from the sea. I had never seen s    51     a good museum. “What a wonderful ship, it must have cost a fortune.” “That’s true!” he r    52     “I love it as if it were my child.”

A few days later Captain Nemo invited me and my friends to go hunting with him in the forests of Crespo Island About one hundred savages followed us and tried to come into the ship. Captain Nemo didn’t worry about them. W    53     they put their hand on the rail, they all fell back and ran away. Captain Nemo had put electricity into the rail. Anybody who touched it w    54     receive an electric shock.

One day, he asked me to follow him to another room. A man lay on a bed with a very bad head wound.

I looked at it. “What happened?” Captain Nemo answered, “Something broke in the engine. A heavy piece of metal hit his head.” “He is going to die s     55     ,” I said. “Nothing can save him.” Tears filled Captain Nemo’s eyes and he asked me to leave.

阅读短文，根据所给的首字母提示，写出一个合适的单词，使短文通顺。

A Special Team at the Winter Paralympics (残奥会)

A special team was doing some voluntary work at the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympics Games. In fact, these little v    56     are 68 lovely guide dogs. All of them were strictly c   57    from a training center in Dalian, Liaoning Province. Months of special training had taught them how to do with complex (复杂的) situations in cold environments.

At the Paralympics, e    58     of the guide dogs wears a QR code (二维码). By scanning the codes, people can e    59     learn a lot of detailed information about the dogs, i    60     their blooding, age, training history and service conditions.

China s    61     up the first guide dog training center in 2006. Two years l    62    , a guide dog named Lucky made its appearance at the Beijing Paralympics. With its h    63     , Ping Yali, the first Chinese who got a Paralympic gold medal, completed the torch relay (火炬传递).

Our modern technology will c    64     to develop. But the special warmth and loyalty of guide dogs are always needed. During the Games, the guide dogs greatly helped the b    65     athletes to fully enjoy the sports competition.

根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。(每空一词)

The famous R    66     writer Lev Tolstory ( 托尔斯泰) once said, “ Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.”

He was right. We always plan to do or dream of doing something great so that we can change the world. For example, we hate pollution, so we try to find new energy r    67     to keep the environment clean. H    68     , we still litter on the ground in our lives. Also, we are not satisfied with the traffic, so we plan to build more highways to stop it. But in fact, the main reason for it is that many people don’t f    69     the traffic rules.

Now, lots of students always think their homework is very difficult and they find it hard to pass exams. In their e    70    , the problems on papers are too difficult. But actually, the real r    71     is that they don’t study hard. They never think about changing their attitudes t    72     study or working hard on their lessons.

In my opinion, before we decide to change the world, we should change o    73     first. As common people, it is not easy for us to change the world, but we can e    74     give up our bad habits, such as littering, breaking traffic rules and always c    75     about how difficult the exam is. If we can do that, we’ll be strong enough to change the world some day and make it!

根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，并将完整单词填在答题卡的相应位置。

Today I’m here to talk about noise pollution. Not all noise is noise pollution. Noise becomes noise pollution when it begins to harm human and animal life or when it’s not n    76    .

E    77     of noise pollution include the sounds of cars, buses, lorries, trains and planes. When you stand near a busy road, sometimes the noise can hurt your ears. And people l    78     near airports often find it difficult to sleep. Noise pollution can also be from machines. We often use very noisy machines around the house or at our jobs. Factory noise is also a big problem. Finally, sometimes loud music can be a form of noise pollution. For example, the music from a club or from your next-door n    79    .

We might think that noise pollution is just a small problem, but actually it can be d    80    . Some people have become deaf because of noise pollution. What’s worse, when people l    81     sleep because of noise pollution, they become careless. This can lead to accidents, and people can get hurt or e    82     killed. Finally, noise makes people feel stress. This can lead to heart disease.

What can we do about the problem of noise pollution? We need stronger l    83     against loud noises. The government also needs to put up walls next to roads and airports to p    84     people from the noise. Finally, we can all help with the problem of noise pollution by turning down our music and TVs, and using a s    85     voice when we talk.

请认真阅读下面的短文，并根据所给首字母提示，写出合适的英语单词，使短文通顺。

What is social media? It means all kinds of Internet applications, such as QQ, blogs, WeChat and so on. Social media plays an important role in our daily life. By using them, users can s   86    things like photos, videos and posts with others.

Social media is certainly an interesting place to learn o   87    opinions on the Internet. But when you are reading so many opinions online, it’s q   88    possible for you to see some opinions that you strongly disagree with. In fact, you might feel like you should reply to these opinions at once. You might do some research, f   89    some facts and reply to what are written. You finish writing out your reply, click “post” and win the argument!

Most people don’t like it when other people disagree with their i   90   , especially online strangers. You can h   91    change their opinions just because you argued with them. In fact, it’s possible to make them feel more confident that they’re correct.

And the thing is, when you get in these kinds of fights online, it s   92    influences(影响) you. You might not know it at first, b   93    the argument that you take part in can easily make you feel u   94   . If you argue often, you start to enjoy arguing and then end up doing it even more. It’s a dangerous cycle.

I guess the best thing to do is to tell y    95     that most arguments are meaningless. There are much better and more interesting things to do, whether online or in real life.

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。

With nothing but her small boat for company (作伴), a British lawyer (律师), Victoria Evans, fought a    96     high winds and big waves at sea. She s    97     rowed across the Atlantic Ocean (大西洋) alone. Her adventure (冒险) has set a new world record!

Victoria had never rowed before she took on this challenge (挑战). Three years ago, she had the idea to encourage (鼓励) more females to become a    98     in sports. After that, she started to practise rowing more than ten hours a day. She then continued to p    99     for sailing on the ocean.

The 35-year-old started her race from a Spanish island on February 11. D    100     the trip, high winds made rowing very difficult. At one point, a wave locked the cabin (door from the inside). It took Victoria three hours to open the lock with a knife. Still, she got over all these difficulties. This b    101     woman completed more than 4,700 kilometers of rowing in 40 days and 19 hours.

Victoria’s adventure r    102     24,000 pounds for a charity called Women in Sport. This charity works to give every female the c    103     to take part in sports.

“Actions speak l    104     than words,” the lawyer said in a later i    105    , “I wants use this experience to show people one thing: You are able to do anything you set your mind to!”

Gulliver’s Travels tells the story of Lemuel Gulliver, a ship’s doctor. He has the most unbelievable e   106    on his travels. The story is told by Gulliver himself and every journey he makes ends w   107    his ship being broken or attacked by pirates. Each time this happens Gulliver finds h   108    in a strange land with even stranger people.

Its writer, Jonathan Swift, was born into a poor family in Dublin, Ireland. His mother couldn’t afford to raise her children, s   109    she left her children in the care of relatives. His life experiences made a great difference to his w   110   . In his works, he had pity on the poor and hated the rich and powerful.

The book was a s   111    when first published and is still popular today because both young readers and adults e   112    it. This is because it can be enjoyed as a young reader’s fantasy story about travel and adventure and also as a political satire （讽刺）for adults.

In fact, Gulliver’ Travels is a travel book and Gulliver is a great adventurer. He always wants to leave h   113    and travel on the seas another time. All these make the book a classic. So people are never t   114    while reading.

At the end of the story Gulliver finally ends his travels but he is strongly c   115    by them. He learns that there are many different ideas of what makes a civilized（文明的）society and that we must not feel superior（优越的） to others because they are different.

—Taken from Gulliver’s Travels

根据短文意思和所给首字母，写出完整正确的单词。

Liu Ming is a Grade 8 student in Lianyungang. He used to waste a lot of energy. This week, he learnt something about green life and p    116     the environment in the English class. He decided to do some simple things for the environment. He is planning to use the paper w    117    . For example, use both sides of the paper. He has realized that litter is h    118     to the environment. He thinks no one is allowed to drop litter carelessly. Now, he always separates waste i    119     different groups. He thinks anyone who wastes energy should be p    120    .

根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。

Today, people can turn on their televisions and watch the Olympics every two years, alternating between summer and winter games. The world’s best athletes t    121     hard before the games and hope to win a gold, silver, or bronze medal.

However, the first Olympics was quite different from t    122     Olympic Games. Held in 776 BC at Olympia, in ancient Greece, the games honored the Greek god Zeus. The competition was a c    123     for athletes to bring honor to their city-states, just as athletes bring honor to their countries nowadays. However, in ancient Greece, only men were allowed to participate.

For 13 years, the ancient Olympics had just one event, a running race. Gradually, the games expanded to i    124     sports such as chariot and horse racing, boxing, and the pentathlon. The pentathlon i    125     is made up of five different events: running, wrestling, jumping, throwing a discus, and throwing a javelin.

The ancient Greek Olympics e    126     around 395 BC and weren’t played again for over 2, 200 years. Finally, in 1894, a Frenchman named Pierre de Coubertin decided to bring the games back. The games were held in 1896 and included nine events. Today’s Olympics include even more sports, such as soccer and skiing, and are now s    127     into the Summer and Winter Olympics. Cities around the world take turns hosting the Olympics.

W    128     stopped for seven days before and seven days after the ancient Olympics so that athletes could travel safely to the games. In a s    129     way, many believe that today’s Olympic Games create goodwill, as nations exhibit strength through competitive sports rather than through battle.

The Paralympics are held every Olympic year. To be in the games, athletes must have a disability. Some don’t have arms or legs. Some have poor balance. Some are in wheelchairs. Some others are b    130     . The great thing about these games is not the attention to their disability but their skills.

With the increasing population and cars, many countries w   131    their fuel or petrol (汽油) will run out soon, so fuel price has risen up to n   132    10 yuan per litre (升). As a result, the cost of running a petrol-based car becomes higher and higher.     Have you ever thought of b   133    an electric (电) car? Now it’s clear that we all need to act on our empty wallet as well as s   134    climate (气候) change, however, will people really be ready to make changes in their lives? Can we really make our e   135    greener than it is now?

If you want to buy an electric car,which would you like? That is a question. It all d   136    on your personal taste. On May 28, 2022, so many Electronic smart cars made by Chinese auto companies s   137    at Greater Bay Area Auto Show in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, which caught lots of young people’s eyes.

However, Electric cars aren’t perfect just yet. It may t   138    eight hours or more to charge (充电) a car for only 300 km of driving. Many people think it a waste of time. Price is a problem, too. Electric cars cost much. The good news is that electric-car technology (技术) is getting better. As it does, the prices of this kind of cars are going down.

In order to charge the car more easily, our Chinese government is trying to build more charging stations around the country. And it will be a good c   139    to work out the problem of charging on a long-distance trip.

Because of better batteries (电池), last month (in May, 2022), 51.2% of all new car registrations (登记) were electric cars. Among them, Chinese auto companies made a great contribution (贡献). So the change is starting to happen. It is safe to say that Chinese auto industry is overtaking in the corner.

Now car-makers are looking for other ways to make the car cheaper. Then more people will use electric cars and we will have a clean and green world in the near f     140     . Maybe, you can give them an opportunity, especially those made in China.

根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。

Wonder, by United States writer R. J. Palacio, is a powerful story of transformation (改变). It tells the story of a special boy, August Pullman, who was b    141     with a serious facial difference. And up till now, it has p    142     him from going to a mainstream school.

When he first started school at 10, everyone made fun of him. August wanted n    143     more than to be treated as a kid like others—but his new classmates can’t get past his strange face. Students often bully (欺负) him for not looking normal (正常的). H    144    , he makes true friends there and even wins an award at his graduation ceremony. August is a hero for the ages, one who proves that you can’t blend in when you were born to stand out.

This book has t    145     my heart. It’s not a fairy tale—life isn’t one. I    146    , the story is very realistic, as it shows what could I really happen in middle school. What’s more, it’s told from different points of view (视角). Wonder begins from August’s point of view, but soon switches to (切换到) others’, i    147     his classmates’, his sister’s and so on. This o    148     readers a chance to understand different characters’ feelings and thoughts.

I think we can all relate to August. In one way or another, we are all just like him. We each have our own d    149    , but we shouldn’t try to change ourselves to fit in. We all experience ups and downs, but like August, we’ve got the c    150     back and won. Despite all the brutality (残忍) in the world, there’s always a reason to smile.

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参考答案

1．(s)et    2．(m)any    3．(c)ountries    4．(b)etter    5．(h)ealthy    6．(f)rom    7．(p)rovides    8．(w)orks    9．(r)aises    10．(s)upport

【导语】本文主要介绍了联合国儿童基金会对儿童生活和教育方面的影响，并建议我们做一些志愿者工作。

1．句意：1946年，第二次世界大战后，该组织在欧洲成立。根据“It was … up in Europe in 1946”及首字母可知，此处指set up“成立”，was后跟过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态，故填(s)et。

2．句意：当时，许多儿童的生活因为战争而改变，联合国儿童基金会想要帮助他们。根据“children’s lives”及首字母可知，此处指“许多”many，后跟可数名词复数形式。故填(m)any。

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